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麦田里的守望

麦田里的守望

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麦田里的守望

2023-12-14

期待马上到来的蔚来发布会#蔚来汽车$蔚来(NIO)$

麦田里的守望

2023-09-12

真要减负，把高中纳入义务教育，取消中考!

教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》

麦田里的守望

2021-09-27

给我冲……

麦田里的守望

2020-12-01

$特斯拉(TSLA)$ 淦啊！冲

麦田里的守望

2020-11-24

$老虎证券(TIGR)$明晚能洞房吗？

麦田里的守望

2020-11-21

$蛋壳公寓(DNK)$靠

麦田里的守望

2020-11-19

$波音(BA)$飞啊，怎么变弱鸡了

麦田里的守望

2020-11-19

$波音(BA)$飞起

麦田里的守望

2020-11-16

$波音(BA)$复飞消息呢？飞起

麦田里的守望

2020-11-12

$波音(BA)$起飞🛫️

麦田里的守望

2020-11-08

$Rocket Companies(RKT)$大局已定，接下来怎么走？

麦田里的守望

2020-11-07

$波音(BA)$期待

麦田里的守望

2020-11-06

$波音(BA)$起飞吧

麦田里的守望

2020-11-04

$波音(BA)$唉

麦田里的守望

2020-11-01

$波音(BA)$接下来怎么搞

麦田里的守望

2020-10-31

$Peloton Interactive, Inc.(PTON)$可以入了吗？

麦田里的守望

2020-10-28

$波音(BA)$ 的运气真是差，飞机出问题就算了，还没弄好又碰到疫情了，今天这财报本来能涨一丢丢的结果又遇到大盘拉稀！唉。。。然后大盘跌跟跌，大盘涨不跟涨！

麦田里的守望

2020-10-26

$波音(BA)$ 买这股真的累！！

麦田里的守望

2020-10-23

$波音(BA)$别拉稀求你

麦田里的守望

2020-10-22

$波音(BA)$.......

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09:30","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1147966313","media":"教育部","summary":"近日，教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》。《办法》提出了校外培训行政处罚总体要求。规定校外培训行政处罚由县级以上人民政府校外培训主管部门依法按照行政处罚权限实施，分别对线下、线上校外培训的管辖作出规定。《办法》明确违法情形，规定法律责任。","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>近日，教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》（以下简称《办法》）。《办法》深入贯彻党的二十大、十九届六中全会和习近平总书记重要讲话精神，全面落实中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》（以下简称《“双减”意见》）《法治政府建设实施纲要（2021－2025年）》，对校外培训行政处罚立规定则，旨在加强校外培训监管，使校外培训成为学校教育的有益补充。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">《办法》提出了校外培训行政处罚总体要求。规定适用对象为面向社会招收3周岁以上学龄前儿童、中小学生，违法开展校外培训的自然人、法人或者其他组织。要求校外培训行政处罚应当遵循公正、公开的原则，坚持处罚与教育相结合，引导自然人、法人或者其他组织自觉守法，共同抵制校外培训违法行为，营造有利于学生成长成才的良好环境。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">《办法》明确实施机关，划定管辖权限。规定校外培训行政处罚由县级以上人民政府校外培训主管部门依法按照行政处罚权限实施，分别对线下、线上校外培训的管辖作出规定。同时，根据中央《“双减”意见》精神，其他有关部门按照各自职责依法查处校外培训违法行为。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">《办法》明确违法情形，规定法律责任。依据行政处罚法、民办教育促进法等上位法和规章立法权限，明确擅自举办校外培训机构，擅自开展学科类隐形变异培训，擅自举办社会性竞赛，违反法律、行政法规和国家有关规定开展培训活动等违法情形及法律责任。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">《办法》明确处罚程序，提升执法水平。注重与行政处罚法等上位法的衔接，结合校外培训执法实际，明确立案结案标准、调查职权、听证告知情形、违法所得认定标准等，着力规范校外培训执法行为。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">《办法》要求，校外培训主管部门要建立执法监督制度，压紧压实执法责任，保障校外培训执法取得实效。要求建立挂牌督办机制、公开通报机制、统计报告机制、责任追究机制，既强化对处罚过程中滥用、超越职权等违法行为的监督，又督促执法机关积极履行职责，依法严查校外培训违法行为，不折不扣落实中央决策部署，久久为功推进“双减”政策落地见效。</p><p><strong>教育部校外教育培训监管司负责人就《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》答记者问</strong></p><p>为深入贯彻落实中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》（以下简称《“双减”意见》），依法深化校外培训治理，近日，教育部印发了《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》（教育部令第53号）（以下简称《办法》）。教育部校外教育培训监管司负责人就《办法》有关问题回答了记者提问。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>1.问：《办法》出台的背景是什么？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：党中央、国务院高度重视“双减”工作。“规范校外培训机构”写进了党的百年历史决议。习近平总书记指出，良心的行业不能变成逐利的产业，要完善相关法律，依法管理校外培训机构。《法治政府建设实施纲要（2021－2025年）》提出，要加大“教育培训”等关系群众切身利益的重点领域执法力度。《“双减”意见》多处强调要加强校外培训执法，加大执法检查力度，依法依规严惩重罚校外培训违法行为，形成警示震慑。“双减”改革实施两年以来，校外培训治理取得了阶段性成效，但擅自举办校外培训机构、隐形变异开展校外培训等问题仍然不同程度的存在，个别机构“卷款跑路”问题仍零星发生，人民群众合法权益仍不时受到损害，迫切需要健全校外培训法律制度，明确执法责任、执法权限、执法依据等，提升校外培训执法规范化、法治化水平，让违法者付出代价，让合规者受到保护，保障“双减”改革不断取得实效。同时，社会各界普遍呼吁尽快出台校外培训领域行政处罚办法，加强和规范校外培训行政处罚工作，通过法治方式深化校外培训治理。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>2.问：《办法》的研制过程有哪些特点？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：校外培训行政处罚涉及多方权益，教育部及有关部门十分重视，坚持科学立法、民主立法、依法立法、开门立法，着力提高立法质量。一是进行了深入研究。教育部成立专门工作团队，认真研究人大代表、政协委员关于校外培训执法有关建议提案，通过案例研究、比较研究和实证研究等方法进行专题研究，为立法工作奠定理论基础。二是充分总结地方实践。针对校外培训行政处罚适用情况、管辖权限、违法情形和罚则、执法程序等内容，组织开展立法调研，调研组先后赴北京、天津、上海、山东、江苏、江西、浙江等实地调研，“解剖麻雀”式深入分析各地校外培训行政处罚典型案例，梳理问题、分析原因、研究对策。三是坚持问题导向。根据中央《“双减”意见》精神及有关法律法规规定，坚持问题导向，针对基层反映强烈的校外培训行政处罚痛点、难点问题，明确违法情形、规定法律责任、规范处罚程序，起草形成了办法草案。四是凝聚了广泛共识。将征求意见贯穿于《办法》研制全过程，做到凝聚共识、集思广益。征求了中央和国家机关有关部门、多个省级教育行政部门意见，征求了有关专家学者意见。通过教育部官网，面向社会公开征求了意见。召开专门座谈会，面对面听取专家、校外培训机构代表及基层执法人员意见建议。逐一研究、充分吸收各方面意见建议，力求《办法》科学完备管用。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>3.问：《办法》立法的总体思路是什么？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：在指导思想上，《办法》坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平法治思想，贯彻落实习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述和校外培训治理的重要指示精神，依法管理校外培训机构，久久为功落实中央“双减”决策部署。在立法目的上，《办法》重在使校外培训在法治轨道上运行，对校外培训行政处罚立规定则，对违法行为依法查处，对合法权益给予保护，使校外培训成为学校教育的有益补充，促进学生全面发展和健康成长。在立法原则上，《办法》坚持处罚与教育相结合，宽严相济，要求实施校外培训行政处罚应当事实清楚、证据确凿、依据正确、程序合法、处罚适当。在立法模式上，《办法》立足校外培训执法实际，采取“实体法+程序法”的立法模式，既确立处罚规则，又规范处罚程序，一揽子解决基层实际问题，提升立法质量和效能。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>4.问：对自然人、法人或者其他组织擅自举办校外培训机构的行为，如何处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：擅自举办校外培训机构（民办学校）是民办教育促进法明令禁止的违法行为（第六十四条），一些“黑机构”搞恶性竞争，导致“劣币驱逐良币”，扰乱行业生态，损害家长和学生权益。《办法》第十七条根据行政处罚法授权（第十三条），列明了擅自举办校外培训机构的认定情形，规定自然人、法人或者其他组织未经审批开展校外培训，同时符合线下培训有专门的培训场所或线上培训有特定的网站或者应用程序、有2名以上培训从业人员、有相应的组织机构和分工的，即构成擅自举办校外培训机构，责令停止举办、退还所收费用，并对举办者处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>5.问：对自然人、法人或者其他组织未经审批有偿开展学科类隐形变异培训的行为，如何处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：未经审批擅自有偿开展学科类隐形变异培训，存在培训环境安全风险、培训内容危害风险、“超标超纲”违背教育规律风险、从业人员侵害学生风险、“退费难”风险等各种隐患，既容易损害家长权益和学生身心健康，又可能使全社会陷入“教育内卷”无益竞争的泥潭。必须把隐形变异培训问题整治作为巩固校外培训治理成果的重要内容，依法坚决予以打击。《办法》第十八条根据行政处罚法授权（第十三条），明确了擅自有偿开展学科类隐形变异培训的情形，列举了“转线上”“转地下”“换马甲”等三种隐形变异行为及兜底条款，规定了警告直至10万元以下罚款的法律责任。同时，《办法》第十六条规定对中小学在职教师擅自有偿开展学科类培训的行为，依法从重处罚。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>6.问：对为违法违规培训活动提供线下场所或线上渠道且拒不改正的行为，如何处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：违规提供线下场所或线上渠道为违法违规培训活动提供了基础环境，一些协助者在执法人员责令改正后仍然拒不改正，必须依法予以处罚，从源头上予以治理。《办法》第十九条明确规定，自然人、法人或者其他组织知道或者应当知道违法校外培训活动的情况存在，仍为其提供场所的；网络平台运营者知道或者应当知道其用户通过即时通讯、网络会议、直播平台等方式违法开展线上校外培训，仍为其提供服务的，首先责令其限期改正，对逾期拒不改正的予以警告或者通报批评。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>7.问：对校外培训机构培训内容存在影响未成年人身心健康的行为，如何处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：学生在参加校外培训过程中的身心健康问题是人民群众关心的首要问题。此前，教育部已出台《中小学生校外培训材料管理办法》，明确规定校外培训材料严禁出现丑化党和国家形象、损害国家荣誉和利益、破坏民族团结、宣扬宗教迷信等内容，不得含有暴力、恐怖、赌博、毒品、性侵害、淫秽、教唆犯罪等内容，不得违背教育规律“超标超纲”开展学科类培训。《办法》第二十一条明确规定，培训内容违反法律法规和国务院校外培训主管部门有关规定，影响未成年人身心健康的，予以从重处罚，规定了责令限期改正，退还所收费用后没收违法所得，直至责令停止招收学员、吊销许可证件的处罚。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>8.问：对校外培训机构聘用有性侵前科等违法犯罪人员为学生开展培训的行为，如何处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：校外培训机构从业人员的服务对象是中小学生，这不同于一般行业，应当从立德树人、为人师表、保证学生免受侵害的角度，从严把握用人标准，这是最重要的行业底线要求。此前，教育部会同人力资源和社会保障部已出台《校外培训机构从业人员管理办法》，明确规定受到剥夺政治权利或者故意犯罪受到有期徒刑以上刑事处罚的人员，纳入“校外培训机构从业人员黑名单”管理的人员，不得聘用为校外培训从业人员。近期，教育部又全面推行校外培训机构从业人员准入查询制度，开展从业人员性侵等违法犯罪信息集中查询，织密校外培训安全防护网。《办法》第二十二条明确规定，校外培训机构从业人员的聘任与管理违反法律、法规和国务院校外培训主管部门有关规定的，责令限期改正，退还所收费用后没收违法所得，情节严重的，责令停止招收学员、吊销许可证件。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>9.问：对校外培训机构拒不执行预收费监管有关规定的行为，如何处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：“退费难”“卷款跑路”是人民群众最为痛心疾首的商家无良行为，一些校外培训机构拒不执行校外培训收费价格、收费行为、预收费管理等有关规定，违规收取大额预收费导致“卷款跑路”风险。必须坚持以人民为中心，站稳人民立场，依法予以防范治理。此前，教育部会同有关部门已出台有关政策，明确规定校外培训机构不得收取超过3个月或60个课时的费用，学科类培训收取费用不得超过政府指导价限额标准，非学科类培训一次性收费不得超过5000元。《办法》第二十二条明确规定，校外培训机构预收费管理违反法律法规和国务院相关部门有关规定的，责令限期改正，并予以警告；有违法所得的，退还所收费用后没收违法所得；情节严重的，责令停止招收学员、吊销许可证件。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>10.问：对擅自组织面向中小学生的社会性竞赛活动的行为，如何处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：为落实中央《“双减”意见》精神，规范管理面向中小学生的全国性竞赛活动，教育部办公厅、中央编办综合局、民政部办公厅、市场监管总局办公厅已公开印发了管理办法，公布了《2022—2025学年面向中小学生的全国性竞赛活动名单》，各地也公布了管辖范围内的竞赛活动白名单，凡未列入白名单的均属违规举办的“黑竞赛”。这类“黑竞赛”普遍存在收费高昂、管理混乱、质量低下、兜售奖项、牟取暴利等严重问题，不仅加重学生负担、影响校外培训治理成效、破坏教育生态，而且隐藏诈骗风险、侵害群众利益，必须依法予以治理。《办法》第二十三条明确规定，校外培训机构擅自组织面向3周岁以上学龄前儿童、中小学生的社会性竞赛活动的，责令改正，退还所收费用，予以警告或者通报批评；情节严重的，处5万元以下罚款；情节特别严重的，处5万元以上10万元以下罚款。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>11.问：校外培训违法行为按类别具体由哪一级的什么部门来处罚？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：依据中央《“双减”意见》精神，根据行政处罚法有关授权（第二十二条、第二十三条、第二十五条等），结合校外培训治理实际，《办法》第六条至第十二条对校外培训执法管辖权限进行了明确。一是明确实施机关。规定“县级以上人民政府校外培训主管部门”是执法主体，明确“校外培训主管部门由省级人民政府根据国家有关规定确定”。对实施综合行政执法改革或赋权乡镇街道实施行政处罚的地区，要求主管部门建立协作机制，加强业务指导。对委托实施行政处罚作出指导和规范。二是明确管辖部门。规定对线下校外培训违法行为的行政处罚，由违法行为发生地县级人民政府校外培训主管部门管辖。对经审批的线上校外培训机构违法行为的行政处罚，由机构审批机关管辖；对未经审批进行线上校外培训活动的行政处罚，由违法主体所在地省级人民政府校外培训主管部门管辖。三是明确衔接机制。规定校外培训主管部门发现违法行为涉嫌违反治安管理、出入境管理等法律法规的，应当及时移送公安机关等部门予以处罚，明确了“行—行”衔接机制；涉嫌犯罪的，应当及时按照有关规定移送司法机关，依法追究刑事责任，明确了“行—刑”衔接机制。同时，根据中央《“双减”意见》精神，市场监管、民政、工信、网信、公安等部门根据有关法律法规规章，按照各自职责负责有关校外培训监管，严肃查处校外培训违法行为。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>12.问：发现校外培训违法线索如何举报？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：人民群众监督举报是发现校外培训违法问题线索的重要渠道，对依法深化校外培训治理具有重要作用。欢迎人民群众如实监督举报，如发现违法培训问题线索，可通过国务院“互联网+督查”、教育部官网、“中国教育督导”微信公众号及各地开通的监督举报渠道进行投诉举报；如涉及违法违规收退费等经济纠纷问题，还可通过全国12315平台进行投诉举报，也可向当地消协组织投诉举报，共同推动形成群防群治的良好局面，共同维护学生及家长的合法权益。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>13.问：《办法》对规范校外培训执法过程和行为作了哪些规定？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：严格规范公正文明执法是校外培训执法的生命线，直接影响校外培训执法的公信力。《办法》第二十六条至第三十七条、第四十二条结合校外培训执法实际，注重与行政处罚法等上位法的衔接，重点对实操层面迫切需要明确的情形和标准作了规定。一是明确立案和结案标准。具体规定了立案应当符合的5项条件，明确了符合结案的4种情形。二是明确调查职权。具体规定了执法人员在调查过程中可行使询问、查阅、复制、先行登记保存证据等职权，保证执法人员依法实施调查。三是明确听证告知情形。明确规定对自然人处3万元以上、对法人或者其他组织处10万元以上的罚款，没收10万元以上违法所得等情形，应当告知当事人有要求听证的权利，依法保障行政相对人的权益。四是明确违法所得认定标准。明确规定“违法所得”是指违法开展校外培训所收取的全部款项，依法已经予以退还的预收费未消课款项，可以扣除。这样既可依法严惩重罚违法者，起到警示震慑作用；又有利于促使违法者积极主动退还未消课的预收费，解决“退费难”问题。加之此前已配套印发的《校外培训行政处罚流程图》和《校外培训行政处罚文书格式范本》，已建立了一套校外培训行政处罚标准化体系，着力规范校外培训执法行为，努力提升校外培训执法水平。</p><p style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>14.问：如何确保校外培训行政处罚工作落地见效？</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: start;\">答：执法监督是推进依法行政的关键环节，是校外培训执法取得实效的重要保障。《办法》第三十八条至第四十一条建立了执法监督机制，压紧压实执法责任，着力提升校外培训执法效能。一是建立挂牌督办机制。明确规定对于重大违法案件，上级校外培训主管部门可以挂牌督办，提出办理要求，督促下级部门限期办理。二是建立公开通报机制。明确规定具有一定社会影响的校外培训行政处罚决定，应当将案情和处理结果向社会公开通报，形成警示震慑，同时接受社会监督。三是建立统计报告机制。明确规定校外培训主管部门应当建立违法案件统计报告制度，定期将本行政区域内的校外培训违法形势分析、案件发生情况、查处情况等逐级上报。四是建立责任追究机制。具体规定了校外培训主管部门实施校外培训行政处罚中需追究责任的4种情形，对滥用职权、徇私舞弊、玩忽职守等行为，依法对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员给予处分。力求通过执法监督机制，督促执法部门依法查处校外培训违法行为，久久为功推进“双减”政策落地见效，守护孩子快乐童年。</p></body></html>","source":"lsy1626852614444","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2023-09-12 09:30 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202309/t20230912_1079790.html><strong>教育部</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>近日，教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》（以下简称《办法》）。《办法》深入贯彻党的二十大、十九届六中全会和习近平总书记重要讲话精神，全面落实中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》（以下简称《“双减”意见》）《法治政府建设实施纲要（2021－2025年）》，对校外培训行政处罚立规定则，旨在加强校外培训监管，使校外培训成为学校教育的有益补充。《...</p>\n\n<a 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Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7cef37e68e67ebdce0ff4e7331663d4b","relate_stocks":{"09901":"新东方-S","EDU":"新东方","GOTU":"高途","TAL":"好未来"},"source_url":"http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202309/t20230912_1079790.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1147966313","content_text":"近日，教育部颁布《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》（以下简称《办法》）。《办法》深入贯彻党的二十大、十九届六中全会和习近平总书记重要讲话精神，全面落实中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》（以下简称《“双减”意见》）《法治政府建设实施纲要（2021－2025年）》，对校外培训行政处罚立规定则，旨在加强校外培训监管，使校外培训成为学校教育的有益补充。《办法》提出了校外培训行政处罚总体要求。规定适用对象为面向社会招收3周岁以上学龄前儿童、中小学生，违法开展校外培训的自然人、法人或者其他组织。要求校外培训行政处罚应当遵循公正、公开的原则，坚持处罚与教育相结合，引导自然人、法人或者其他组织自觉守法，共同抵制校外培训违法行为，营造有利于学生成长成才的良好环境。《办法》明确实施机关，划定管辖权限。规定校外培训行政处罚由县级以上人民政府校外培训主管部门依法按照行政处罚权限实施，分别对线下、线上校外培训的管辖作出规定。同时，根据中央《“双减”意见》精神，其他有关部门按照各自职责依法查处校外培训违法行为。《办法》明确违法情形，规定法律责任。依据行政处罚法、民办教育促进法等上位法和规章立法权限，明确擅自举办校外培训机构，擅自开展学科类隐形变异培训，擅自举办社会性竞赛，违反法律、行政法规和国家有关规定开展培训活动等违法情形及法律责任。《办法》明确处罚程序，提升执法水平。注重与行政处罚法等上位法的衔接，结合校外培训执法实际，明确立案结案标准、调查职权、听证告知情形、违法所得认定标准等，着力规范校外培训执法行为。《办法》要求，校外培训主管部门要建立执法监督制度，压紧压实执法责任，保障校外培训执法取得实效。要求建立挂牌督办机制、公开通报机制、统计报告机制、责任追究机制，既强化对处罚过程中滥用、超越职权等违法行为的监督，又督促执法机关积极履行职责，依法严查校外培训违法行为，不折不扣落实中央决策部署，久久为功推进“双减”政策落地见效。教育部校外教育培训监管司负责人就《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》答记者问为深入贯彻落实中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》（以下简称《“双减”意见》），依法深化校外培训治理，近日，教育部印发了《校外培训行政处罚暂行办法》（教育部令第53号）（以下简称《办法》）。教育部校外教育培训监管司负责人就《办法》有关问题回答了记者提问。1.问：《办法》出台的背景是什么？答：党中央、国务院高度重视“双减”工作。“规范校外培训机构”写进了党的百年历史决议。习近平总书记指出，良心的行业不能变成逐利的产业，要完善相关法律，依法管理校外培训机构。《法治政府建设实施纲要（2021－2025年）》提出，要加大“教育培训”等关系群众切身利益的重点领域执法力度。《“双减”意见》多处强调要加强校外培训执法，加大执法检查力度，依法依规严惩重罚校外培训违法行为，形成警示震慑。“双减”改革实施两年以来，校外培训治理取得了阶段性成效，但擅自举办校外培训机构、隐形变异开展校外培训等问题仍然不同程度的存在，个别机构“卷款跑路”问题仍零星发生，人民群众合法权益仍不时受到损害，迫切需要健全校外培训法律制度，明确执法责任、执法权限、执法依据等，提升校外培训执法规范化、法治化水平，让违法者付出代价，让合规者受到保护，保障“双减”改革不断取得实效。同时，社会各界普遍呼吁尽快出台校外培训领域行政处罚办法，加强和规范校外培训行政处罚工作，通过法治方式深化校外培训治理。2.问：《办法》的研制过程有哪些特点？答：校外培训行政处罚涉及多方权益，教育部及有关部门十分重视，坚持科学立法、民主立法、依法立法、开门立法，着力提高立法质量。一是进行了深入研究。教育部成立专门工作团队，认真研究人大代表、政协委员关于校外培训执法有关建议提案，通过案例研究、比较研究和实证研究等方法进行专题研究，为立法工作奠定理论基础。二是充分总结地方实践。针对校外培训行政处罚适用情况、管辖权限、违法情形和罚则、执法程序等内容，组织开展立法调研，调研组先后赴北京、天津、上海、山东、江苏、江西、浙江等实地调研，“解剖麻雀”式深入分析各地校外培训行政处罚典型案例，梳理问题、分析原因、研究对策。三是坚持问题导向。根据中央《“双减”意见》精神及有关法律法规规定，坚持问题导向，针对基层反映强烈的校外培训行政处罚痛点、难点问题，明确违法情形、规定法律责任、规范处罚程序，起草形成了办法草案。四是凝聚了广泛共识。将征求意见贯穿于《办法》研制全过程，做到凝聚共识、集思广益。征求了中央和国家机关有关部门、多个省级教育行政部门意见，征求了有关专家学者意见。通过教育部官网，面向社会公开征求了意见。召开专门座谈会，面对面听取专家、校外培训机构代表及基层执法人员意见建议。逐一研究、充分吸收各方面意见建议，力求《办法》科学完备管用。3.问：《办法》立法的总体思路是什么？答：在指导思想上，《办法》坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平法治思想，贯彻落实习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述和校外培训治理的重要指示精神，依法管理校外培训机构，久久为功落实中央“双减”决策部署。在立法目的上，《办法》重在使校外培训在法治轨道上运行，对校外培训行政处罚立规定则，对违法行为依法查处，对合法权益给予保护，使校外培训成为学校教育的有益补充，促进学生全面发展和健康成长。在立法原则上，《办法》坚持处罚与教育相结合，宽严相济，要求实施校外培训行政处罚应当事实清楚、证据确凿、依据正确、程序合法、处罚适当。在立法模式上，《办法》立足校外培训执法实际，采取“实体法+程序法”的立法模式，既确立处罚规则，又规范处罚程序，一揽子解决基层实际问题，提升立法质量和效能。4.问：对自然人、法人或者其他组织擅自举办校外培训机构的行为，如何处罚？答：擅自举办校外培训机构（民办学校）是民办教育促进法明令禁止的违法行为（第六十四条），一些“黑机构”搞恶性竞争，导致“劣币驱逐良币”，扰乱行业生态，损害家长和学生权益。《办法》第十七条根据行政处罚法授权（第十三条），列明了擅自举办校外培训机构的认定情形，规定自然人、法人或者其他组织未经审批开展校外培训，同时符合线下培训有专门的培训场所或线上培训有特定的网站或者应用程序、有2名以上培训从业人员、有相应的组织机构和分工的，即构成擅自举办校外培训机构，责令停止举办、退还所收费用，并对举办者处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款。5.问：对自然人、法人或者其他组织未经审批有偿开展学科类隐形变异培训的行为，如何处罚？答：未经审批擅自有偿开展学科类隐形变异培训，存在培训环境安全风险、培训内容危害风险、“超标超纲”违背教育规律风险、从业人员侵害学生风险、“退费难”风险等各种隐患，既容易损害家长权益和学生身心健康，又可能使全社会陷入“教育内卷”无益竞争的泥潭。必须把隐形变异培训问题整治作为巩固校外培训治理成果的重要内容，依法坚决予以打击。《办法》第十八条根据行政处罚法授权（第十三条），明确了擅自有偿开展学科类隐形变异培训的情形，列举了“转线上”“转地下”“换马甲”等三种隐形变异行为及兜底条款，规定了警告直至10万元以下罚款的法律责任。同时，《办法》第十六条规定对中小学在职教师擅自有偿开展学科类培训的行为，依法从重处罚。6.问：对为违法违规培训活动提供线下场所或线上渠道且拒不改正的行为，如何处罚？答：违规提供线下场所或线上渠道为违法违规培训活动提供了基础环境，一些协助者在执法人员责令改正后仍然拒不改正，必须依法予以处罚，从源头上予以治理。《办法》第十九条明确规定，自然人、法人或者其他组织知道或者应当知道违法校外培训活动的情况存在，仍为其提供场所的；网络平台运营者知道或者应当知道其用户通过即时通讯、网络会议、直播平台等方式违法开展线上校外培训，仍为其提供服务的，首先责令其限期改正，对逾期拒不改正的予以警告或者通报批评。7.问：对校外培训机构培训内容存在影响未成年人身心健康的行为，如何处罚？答：学生在参加校外培训过程中的身心健康问题是人民群众关心的首要问题。此前，教育部已出台《中小学生校外培训材料管理办法》，明确规定校外培训材料严禁出现丑化党和国家形象、损害国家荣誉和利益、破坏民族团结、宣扬宗教迷信等内容，不得含有暴力、恐怖、赌博、毒品、性侵害、淫秽、教唆犯罪等内容，不得违背教育规律“超标超纲”开展学科类培训。《办法》第二十一条明确规定，培训内容违反法律法规和国务院校外培训主管部门有关规定，影响未成年人身心健康的，予以从重处罚，规定了责令限期改正，退还所收费用后没收违法所得，直至责令停止招收学员、吊销许可证件的处罚。8.问：对校外培训机构聘用有性侵前科等违法犯罪人员为学生开展培训的行为，如何处罚？答：校外培训机构从业人员的服务对象是中小学生，这不同于一般行业，应当从立德树人、为人师表、保证学生免受侵害的角度，从严把握用人标准，这是最重要的行业底线要求。此前，教育部会同人力资源和社会保障部已出台《校外培训机构从业人员管理办法》，明确规定受到剥夺政治权利或者故意犯罪受到有期徒刑以上刑事处罚的人员，纳入“校外培训机构从业人员黑名单”管理的人员，不得聘用为校外培训从业人员。近期，教育部又全面推行校外培训机构从业人员准入查询制度，开展从业人员性侵等违法犯罪信息集中查询，织密校外培训安全防护网。《办法》第二十二条明确规定，校外培训机构从业人员的聘任与管理违反法律、法规和国务院校外培训主管部门有关规定的，责令限期改正，退还所收费用后没收违法所得，情节严重的，责令停止招收学员、吊销许可证件。9.问：对校外培训机构拒不执行预收费监管有关规定的行为，如何处罚？答：“退费难”“卷款跑路”是人民群众最为痛心疾首的商家无良行为，一些校外培训机构拒不执行校外培训收费价格、收费行为、预收费管理等有关规定，违规收取大额预收费导致“卷款跑路”风险。必须坚持以人民为中心，站稳人民立场，依法予以防范治理。此前，教育部会同有关部门已出台有关政策，明确规定校外培训机构不得收取超过3个月或60个课时的费用，学科类培训收取费用不得超过政府指导价限额标准，非学科类培训一次性收费不得超过5000元。《办法》第二十二条明确规定，校外培训机构预收费管理违反法律法规和国务院相关部门有关规定的，责令限期改正，并予以警告；有违法所得的，退还所收费用后没收违法所得；情节严重的，责令停止招收学员、吊销许可证件。10.问：对擅自组织面向中小学生的社会性竞赛活动的行为，如何处罚？答：为落实中央《“双减”意见》精神，规范管理面向中小学生的全国性竞赛活动，教育部办公厅、中央编办综合局、民政部办公厅、市场监管总局办公厅已公开印发了管理办法，公布了《2022—2025学年面向中小学生的全国性竞赛活动名单》，各地也公布了管辖范围内的竞赛活动白名单，凡未列入白名单的均属违规举办的“黑竞赛”。这类“黑竞赛”普遍存在收费高昂、管理混乱、质量低下、兜售奖项、牟取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