马库斯的个人主页 - 老虎社区

马库斯

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IP属地：北京

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2022-04-10

还能有谁控制，赚钱的行业都是国家

疯狂的锂：一年10倍，谁在炒作？

2022-02-19

$蔚来(NIO)$如果在跌到一起4毛就好了

2021-12-14

按照以前的趋势那赶紧加息吧

以史为鉴：当美联储开始加息，会发生什么？

2021-12-14

$纳斯达克(.IXIC)$拜登老东西下台吧，最近天天纳斯达克上蹿下跳，把小微股弄死了，大公司也没几个涨的

2021-12-02

$纳斯达克(.IXIC)$小微股几乎全部跌

2021-12-01

$NQ100指数主连 2112(NQmain)$ 每次暴跌都是影响小微股暴跌，美国的7大科技公司反而创新高

2021-12-01

$坎伯兰药业(CPIX)$开始跌了

2021-11-14

$Exela Technologies, Inc.(XELA)$这个股都没人关注了

2021-11-14

$纳斯达克(.IXIC)$大盘涨的这么猛，大部分股却股价创新低

2021-10-31

$3B家居(BBBY)$这个股营收这么多为啥市值这么点

2021-10-30

$Sphere 3D Corp(ANY)$这个股应该可以空

2021-10-29

$Retail Value Inc.(RVI)$昨天收盘27，盘前为啥9块还暴涨80多

2021-10-28

$铜道控股(GLG)$这个股没量就不行

2021-10-28

$Applied DNA Sciences Inc(APDN)$什么时候到一块一下

2021-10-22

$Phunware, Inc.(PHUN)$真狠一下子跌倒7块

2021-10-22

$Digital World Acquisition Corp(DWAC)$特朗普真是好总统

2021-10-22

$Digital World Acquisition Corp.(DWACU)$半年的时间好长时间没见这么疯长的股票了

2021-10-22

$趣店(QD)$明天超过2快

2021-10-21

$Xenon Pharmaceuticals(XENE)$这个股真抗跌，

2021-10-17

$Yalla Group(YALA)$这个股市跌到3块左右就可以入手了

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09:01","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"疯狂的锂：一年10倍，谁在炒作？","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2225527069","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"从默默无闻到撼动行业。仅仅一年多时间，从5万/吨涨到50万/吨，锂的疯狂得益于新能源汽车市场的爆发，过去不受待见的“工业味精”锂，华丽变身为新时代的“白色石油”，身价暴涨，一吨难求！仅仅一年多时间，从","content":"<html><head></head><body><blockquote><b>从默默无闻到撼动行业。</b></blockquote><blockquote><b>仅仅一年多时间，从5万/吨涨到50万/吨，锂的疯狂得益于新能源汽车市场的爆发，过去不受待见的“工业味精”锂，华丽变身为新时代的“白色石油”，身价暴涨，一吨难求！</b></blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4f75d0ede21223eaf9fe549bb0924110\" tg-width=\"2048\" tg-height=\"1365\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>仅仅一年多时间，从5万/吨涨到50万/吨，这就是疯狂的锂（碳酸锂）！</p><p>得益于新能源汽车市场的爆发，过去不受待见的“工业味精”锂，华丽变身为新时代的“白色石油”，身价暴涨，一吨难求。</p><p>如此惊人的涨幅，引起了许多人的关注。3月26日，全国政协副主席、中国科协主席万钢也表示惊到了:“碳酸锂居然可以在去年一年当中增⻓10倍!”</p><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NIO\">蔚来</a>董事⻓李斌则直指，碳酸锂的涨价有投机性，有人在炒作。</p><p>过去一年，锂价上涨让一些囤货的贸易商获利颇丰，实现了人生的逆袭；也让动力电池厂商和汽⻋公司叫苦不迭，难以承受。</p><p>焦虑和担忧正在蔓延。这场由碳酸锂涨价引发的“血案”，推高了动力电池的价格，也传导到了汽⻋销售端，3月开始，多家⻋企纷纷涨价，不再掩饰。</p><p>这一波猛烈的碳酸锂涨价潮，固然有投机炒作的成分，但根源仍是供需关系不平衡。短期内，碳酸锂和动力电池的价格很难下跌。这对许多⻋企而言是灾难性的，电动⻋行业即将迎来一场大洗牌。</p><p>一些汽⻋品牌，可能就要从此消失了。</p><p>一年十倍</p><p>一场猝不及防的电动⻋涨价潮，就这样在阳春三月上演了。</p><p>广汽埃安、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">特斯拉</a>、奇瑞、小鹏、哪吒、零跑、威⻢、⻓城欧拉等，近二十家⻋企纷纷宣布涨价，区间从3千-3万不等。</p><p>就连自产电池的<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002594\">比亚迪</a>也没扛住。3月16日，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002594\">比亚迪</a>对旗下10款⻋型共39款配置进行了调价，上调幅度从3-6千元不等。</p><p>看得出，在3月的这波涨价潮中，没有几家⻋企继续矜持。这似乎是一次压抑许久的释放。</p><p>而这波涨价的导火索，是动力电池原材料成本的大幅上涨，尤其是电池重要的正极原料碳酸锂价格的跳涨。</p><p>SMM(上海有色)数据显示，短短一年的时间内，碳酸锂的价格从2021年初的5.46万元涨到了2022年3月的51.65万元/吨。</p><p>原材料如此巨大的涨幅下，下游的电池厂商也跟着涨价。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/688567\">孚能科技</a>高级副总裁兼董秘张峰表示，目前动力电池涨价基本都在25%以上。</p><p>3月19日，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LI\">理想汽车</a>董事长兼CEO李想也在<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WB\">微博</a>发文称，二季度电池成本上涨的幅度非常离谱。</p><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/600958\">东方证券</a>研报显示，即便是规模大、议价能力强的头部电池企业，其⻓单锁价、原材料锁定能力优势也无法匹配原材料涨价速度。</p><p>3月21日，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/300750\">宁德时代</a>表示，因为上游原材料价格大幅上涨，公司将动态调整部分电池产品价格。</p><p>电池商的成本压力巨大，避免“破防”不得已向下传导。而年前刚经历过补贴退坡的⻋企，本就没盈利，面对来势汹汹的高价电池和产能不足，无奈只能选择涨价维持利润和产销的平衡。</p><p>一边是电池厂商和汽⻋公司陷入拉锯战，另一边厢，锂价的⻜涨，让矿产公司赚得盆满钵满。根据锂电巨头<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002460\">赣锋锂业</a>2021年报，公司去年营收同比增加了一倍，归母净利润翻了四倍多（410%）达到了52.28亿元。</p><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/01772\">赣锋锂业</a>创始人李良彬，则借着这波东风，身价飙升至365亿元，在《2022胡润全球富豪榜》中稳坐江西首富的宝座。</p><p>一直深陷亏损泥潭的天⻬锂业，则靠着锂价上涨直接上岸。其2021年业绩预告显示，从2020年亏18.3亿，直接扭转为盈利8-24亿元，一举结束了⻓达两年的亏损。</p><p>谁在炒作?</p><p>锂价的上涨，成为了新能源产业的“众矢之的”，有人认为，这里面有很大的炒作成分。</p><p>中汽协副秘书⻓陈士华称，本轮原材料价格超常规上涨，不能简单归结为供需矛盾，属于非理性上涨，其背后有推手，可能有人囤货居奇，人为借机炒作。</p><p>在碳酸锂变为电池装⻋的过程中，大概有四个环节，锂矿-贸易商-电池厂商-汽⻋公司。上游锂矿/锂盐湖⻧水采选、精炼、生产为碳酸锂;再由中游制成正极材料、再和其他材料共同封装为电池;最后下游⻋企采购装⻋。</p><p>而在上游和中游之间，还有一个类似做市商的锂盐贸易商“夹层”，在本轮的上涨中起到了推波助澜的作用。</p><p>由于绝大部分锂矿供给被⻓单锁定，以至于市场上可供交易的流动性锂矿稀缺。去年至今，碳酸锂企业每天都是按“时价”结算，“上⻔求购的客户不问价格，大家都是有货就拿。因为没有多余库存，甚至托关系都拿不到货。”⻘海一家碳酸锂企业表示。</p><p>面对货源的紧俏，和中游巨大的采购热情，一些贸易商疑似借机囤货炒作，哄抬市价。</p><p>过去，贸易商作为夹层，一直为厂商垫付并承担⻛险，如今锂的“身价飙涨”，作为中间商就有机会也有条件分一杯羹，甚至操纵价格。</p><p>多位业内人士反映，去年三季度，有贸易商趁着矿企季节性的减产而积极囤货。“截流惜售”后导致下游采购难度增大，锂价被拉升。</p><p>而在去年四季度到今年一季度期间，锂价再次飙涨。湘财证券称，考虑该时段内盐湖季节性减产、海外锂供给不稳定，叠加下游春节备货，锂价迅速从20万级别推至50万级别。</p><p>在贸易商下一环节的正级厂、电池厂，都在群雄争霸抢夺市占率，高速扩产以满足下游⻋企源源不断的电池订单。为了避免“无米之炊”发生，也要分散锂价持续疯⻓的不确定性，电池厂也争抢囤积原料，恐慌性的抢购给本就离谱的锂价火上添油。</p><p>供需失衡</p><p>是什么让四年前不到4万/吨的碳酸锂如此疯狂？根源仍在供需关系的失衡。</p><p>伴随锂价上涨的，是在被称为“新能源汽⻋元年”的2021年，新能源汽⻋的产销，双双迈过了350万辆大关，暴涨1.6倍。</p><p>这一趋势今年还在持续。乘联会数据显示，2月新能源乘用⻋零售销量达到27.2万辆，同比增⻓180.5%。今年1-2月，新能源乘用⻋零售销量达到62.4万辆，同比增⻓153.2%。</p><p>各家⻋企都提出了惊人的产能规划，想方设法拼命扩产。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">特斯拉</a>计划今年销售要比去年增长50%，也就是大约150万辆左右，2030年销量则要达到两千万辆。</p><p>理想则有2025年160万台的销售目标；小鹏也提出了2025年要达到10%以上市占率，预估超百万辆。</p><p>井喷的需求导致动力电池供不应求，缺口极大。此前SNEResearch预测，到2023年全球电动汽⻋对动力电池的需求达406千兆瓦时，而动力电池供应预计为335千兆瓦时，缺口约18%。到2025年，缺口将扩大到约40%。</p><p>与此同时，作为动力电池的主要原材料，锂供给严重紧缺。</p><p>之前作为一种不怎么“红”的原材料，国内有八成碳酸锂依赖海外进口。</p><p>在2020年，诸多因素导致锂价陷入低谷，跌回十年前，全球几家主要的生产商宣告破产；而2021年，新能源汽车市场大爆发，对动力电池的需求大增，尽管一些锂矿有新建/扩产计划，但受疫情影响推迟或中断，产能未跟上。</p><p>根据国际能源署统计，南美盐湖从发现至投产平均耗时7年，澳大利亚锂辉石矿山从发现至投产平均耗时4年，产能建设周期长，锂供给刚性，供需矛盾下锂价开启强势上涨。</p><p>碳酸锂的疯涨，引起有关部⻔的高度关注。3月16日，工信部明确表示将打击锂、镍等资源囤积居奇、哄抬物价等不正当竞争行为，并对部分锂盐企业进行了约谈，指导锂盐企业直接出货给中游，“希望大家涨慢一点”。</p><p>受监管影响，目前碳酸锂的价格已经跌破50万元/吨的大关。SMM数据截至3月30日，电池级磷酸铁锂的均价已经来到了48.5万/吨的位置。</p><p>有券商机构也表示，碳酸锂采购价格已开始松动，实际成交价在45-50万元/吨。</p><p>中下游的联合抵制也是一股力量。华尔街⻅闻了解到，中下游正极厂、电池厂抵制并弃采50万以上高价锂盐的，并非一两家。</p><p>种种迹象显示，意味着，锂矿的价格已至高位，炒作风险极大，供需关系也开始重构了。</p><p>但要解决需求错配的矛盾，国融证券认为，中⻓期还得等待海外⻄澳锂矿以及阿根廷盐湖的产能释放。</p><p>这意味着，锂的缺口短期内难以解决，⻋企仍需忍受来自电池价格与供应的掣肘。</p><p>⻋企洗牌</p><p>锂价的飙升以及由此引发的动力电池价格上涨，给一些车企带来了致命一击。</p><p>在一辆新能源汽车中，动力电池成本就占了三、四成。显然，这对总价低、毛利率低的车企极为不利。</p><p>在涨价潮中，售价低于10万的A00-A0级纯电动车压力较大。多位车企人士曾表示，这一区间消费者对价格极其敏感。</p><p>乘联会数据显示，今年1月份，中国市场共28款A00级纯电动汽⻋在售，价格在10万元左右，其中五菱宏光MINIEV1、欧拉黑猫、白猫价位都没超过9万。</p><p>成本上涨对于A00⻋型盈利空间挤压很大。根据上汽通用<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00305\">五菱汽车</a>2020年财报，公司营收额729.27亿元，但归属于母公司净利润仅为1.42亿元，分摊到每辆车上，仅有89元钱。</p><p>甚至有的⻋型已经亏损。2月14日欧拉品牌下达通知，要求经销商暂停接受欧拉黑猫、白猫的订单。</p><p>2022年2月23日，欧拉品牌CEO董玉东回应“停产风波“时坦言：虽然欧拉品牌背后有产业链的优势，但这款小车仍然给公司带来了巨额亏损！黑猫单台亏损超万元。</p><p>实际上，此前A00⻋型之所以敢如此薄利销售，是因为在新能源汽⻋双积分政策下，销售电⻋获取的积分具有很强的变现能力。</p><p>但积分优惠政策逐渐退潮，上游涨价的压力又难以向消费者传导，中低端市场的⻋企面对这一轮的涨价⻛波，生存便成了难题。</p><p>反观中高端的车企，则是适应性更强一些。特斯拉的订单目前未受涨价影响，Model3和Y交付周期延⻓到了16~20周，甚至部分型号已经排到了2023年初。</p><p>华尔街⻅闻从小鹏汽⻋⻔店了解到，由于这次涨价提前三天进行了预告，即便是调价后的销量也很稳定。</p><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000750\">国海证券</a>认为，涨价潮将是对新能源汽⻋市场的一次洗牌，市场份额将向优质品牌进一步集中。乘联会的数据显示，去年有11家⻋企没有上报销量，今年的1-2月，这个数字上升到了22家。</p><p>“未来80%的自主品牌会关、停、并、转，90%的造⻋新势力要玩完。在整个汽⻋市场，排名数一数二的企业都会面临巨大的生存和发展问题，都有可能会活不下去。”<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000625\">长安汽车</a>董事长朱华荣认为。</p><p>在1月份的创业家年会上，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/XPEV\">小鹏汽车</a>董事长何小鹏也坦言，“几年之后，整个<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/5RE.SI\">智能</a>汽⻋领域会从春秋时期进入战国时期，从资格赛进入到淘汰赛。”</p><p>从工业味精到白色石油，锂的走红折射了电动车的超常发展，以及见证了全球能源革命的开端，但未来并不十分清晰。</p><p>事实上在以锂为首的这场原材料疯涨、电池紧缺的考验下，车企的淘汰赛已经在加速了。</p><p>“出师未捷身先死”，群雄争霸的新能源汽车市场，谁也不想在一上场、刚冒头时就消失，但事实很残酷，在涨价的这场吃鸡游戏中，只有强者才能成为最终的幸存者。</p></body></html>","source":"wallstreetcn_api","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>疯狂的锂：一年10倍，谁在炒作？</title>\n<style 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}\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n疯狂的锂：一年10倍，谁在炒作？\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2022-04-10 09:01 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3656416><strong>华尔街见闻</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>从默默无闻到撼动行业。仅仅一年多时间，从5万/吨涨到50万/吨，锂的疯狂得益于新能源汽车市场的爆发，过去不受待见的“工业味精”锂，华丽变身为新时代的“白色石油”，身价暴涨，一吨难求！仅仅一年多时间，从5万/吨涨到50万/吨，这就是疯狂的锂（碳酸锂）！得益于新能源汽车市场的爆发，过去不受待见的“工业味精”锂，华丽变身为新时代的“白色石油”，身价暴涨，一吨难求。如此惊人的涨幅，引起了许多人的关注。3月...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3656416\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4f75d0ede21223eaf9fe549bb0924110","relate_stocks":{"BK4511":"特斯拉概念","BK1582":"深圳本地概念股","BK4099":"汽车制造商","BK4563":"昨日强势股","BK4548":"巴美列捷福持仓","BK1540":"电池","BK1509":"特斯拉概念股","TSLA":"特斯拉","LI":"理想汽车","BK4532":"文艺复兴科技持仓","BK1575":"同股不同权","BK4531":"中概回港概念","01211":"比亚迪股份","09868":"小鹏汽车-W","BK4534":"瑞士信贷持仓","XPEV":"小鹏汽车","BK1594":"碳中和概念股","BK4533":"AQR资本管理(全球第二大对冲基金)","BK4555":"新能源车","NIO":"蔚来","EVS.SI":"MSCI China Electric Vehicles and Future Mobility 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href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NIO\">$蔚来(NIO)$</a>如果在跌到一起4毛就好了","listText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NIO\">$蔚来(NIO)$</a>如果在跌到一起4毛就好了","text":"$蔚来(NIO)$如果在跌到一起4毛就好了","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":2,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/638618075","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2433,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[{"author":{"id":"3541796232341104","authorId":"3541796232341104","name":"盘后交易员","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/01a0baa6f9ef57f641120e185427fc2a","crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"content":"跌到四块就真的起不来了","text":"跌到四块就真的起不来了","html":"跌到四块就真的起不来了"}],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":607963711,"gmtCreate":1639475343045,"gmtModify":1639475343045,"author":{"id":"3516249167540168","authorId":"3516249167540168","name":"马库斯","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false},"themes":[],"htmlText":"按照以前的趋势那赶紧加息吧","listText":"按照以前的趋势那赶紧加息吧","text":"按照以前的趋势那赶紧加息吧","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/607963711","repostId":"2191931329","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2191931329","pubTimestamp":1639474969,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2191931329?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-12-14 17:42","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"以史为鉴：当美联储开始加息，会发生什么？","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2191931329","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"如果市场预期正确，明年上半年美联储将启动另一个紧缩周期。\n当美联储加息时，通常会发生什么？\n德意志银行研究部通过对过往历史上美联储加息后的市场变化进行回顾后发现，从首次加息算起，通常加息第一年经济增长","content":"<p>如果市场预期正确，明年上半年美联储将启动另一个紧缩周期。</p>\n<p>当美联储加息时，通常会发生什么？</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DB\">德意志银行</a>研究部通过对过往历史上美联储加息后的市场变化进行回顾后发现，从首次加息算起，<b>通常加息第一年经济增长保持强劲，通胀继续上升，股市继续上涨，信贷紧缩，债券收益率曲线趋平；到了第二年，经济增长开始放缓，股市趋于平稳，信贷开始扩大，债券收益率下降。</b></p>\n<p><b>自1955年以来，一共有13个独立的加息周期，平均时间不到2年。</b>如果从宣布加息当天开始计算，<b>历史上的衰退则平均会在3-3.5年后出现。</b>不过，1980年的加息到1981年的衰退只隔了11个月，但1983年的加息到1990年的衰退则隔了86个月。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c31efda7cdde544625b45a04a91847f0\" tg-width=\"722\" tg-height=\"488\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>常见的一个模式是，<b>增长放缓通常发生在加息的一年后</b>。这与货币政策的滞后性有关，一般货币政策的全面效应可能需要几个季度才能显现。</p>\n<p>考虑到加息后最早出现衰退的时间是11个月，那么<b>从统计上看，2022年出现负增长的可能性很低</b>。如果历史可信的话，这种可能性将从2023年起不断增加。</p>\n<h2>加息周期中的宏观经济</h2>\n<p>在加息开启之后，<b>名义和实际GDP都会在第二年开始出现增速放缓，但通胀并没有这个趋势。</b></p>\n<p>平均而言，在加息周期的第一年，实际GDP增长为+4.8%，但在第二年放缓至+2.7%，第三年为+2.1%。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8993e9e70f1a67a81fcd4c8aefc2ab7c\" tg-width=\"733\" tg-height=\"423\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>在紧缩周期开始后，名义GDP中也出现同样的现象。第一年平均增长8.5%，但第二年放缓至6.5%，第三年增长5.8%，这是一个主要的趋势。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e06d1d87d68cf5570c03d53192fab33a\" tg-width=\"715\" tg-height=\"414\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>然而在通胀方面并没有类似的现象。通胀可能是加息周期开始的主要原因，但历史表明，抑制通胀需要一段时间。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ff5108efa691e5735afce776a9feefe7\" tg-width=\"727\" tg-height=\"409\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>平均而言，通货膨胀率已经从第一次加息后一年的+3.8%上升到第二年的+4.5%。也就是说，这在很大程度上是一种相关性而非因果关系，因为加息周期开始的首要原因往往是通胀压力，而通胀具有惯性。</p>\n<h2>加息周期中的资本市场</h2>\n<p>加息周期开启后，<b>股指与债券收益率变化相似，通常在首次加息的9个月到一年后开始走低</b>。</p>\n<p>标准500普尔指数的平均价格在加息周期的第一年往往有坚实的增长，一年后的平均回报率为7.7%。<b>在紧缩周期开始后的253天后回报率开始走低，直到第452天后才突破这个最高值。</b></p>\n<p>平均而言，在13个加息周期中，标普500指数在周期开始后的9-10个月里平均回报均不为正，<b>但紧缩两年后，指数开始上涨。</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3661883cf2b94b5451fc8dbc75d7b9d3\" tg-width=\"1076\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>10年期美国国债收益率也是类似的变化。在加息第一年，平均收益率上升超过111个基点，但不久之后收益率又开始下降。实际上加息周期的第二和第三年都在下降。</p>\n<p>值得注意的是，<b>在首次加息前的12个月里，收益率往往会下降，但在首次加息结束后又开始上升。</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3cd7733f4ae7e7deaeaf508f82c8ef5c\" tg-width=\"1180\" tg-height=\"593\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>而通常用作衰退指标的美国国债2s10s利差曲线斜率，<b>在加息的第一年有一个明显的趋平趋势，在之后转为稳定。</b></p>\n<p>在加息开始时，2s10s曲线以平均100个基点的绝对水平开始，在周期开始一年后，曲线趋于平缓。在13个加息周期的样本的6个案例中，该曲线在一年后发生反转。因为从反转到衰退通常只需要不到18个月，而从首次加息到衰退通常需要3-3.5年。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bddd3823d782476c112c09fcae4588ff\" tg-width=\"782\" tg-height=\"477\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>信贷方面，从历史上看，<b>BBB信用利差在加息第一年会收窄，大约收窄47个基点。之后利差趋于扩大，在加息周期开始三年后几乎回到原本水平。</b>在首次加息开始时，又会出现显著变化。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0faf41f9cb4fded40d7d067946114d89\" tg-width=\"783\" tg-height=\"512\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n<p>因此，如果历史是可信的，当美联储在2022年上半年首次加息时，它将在随后的两到三年内对经济和金融市场产生影响。</p>\n<p>当然，这一次可能会有所不同，这是一个不寻常的周期，不过历史分析中已经出现了不容忽视的明显趋势。</p>","source":"wallstreetcn_api","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>以史为鉴：当美联储开始加息，会发生什么？</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ 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margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n以史为鉴：当美联储开始加息，会发生什么？\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-12-14 17:42 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3647246><strong>华尔街见闻</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>如果市场预期正确，明年上半年美联储将启动另一个紧缩周期。\n当美联储加息时，通常会发生什么？\n德意志银行研究部通过对过往历史上美联储加息后的市场变化进行回顾后发现，从首次加息算起，通常加息第一年经济增长保持强劲，通胀继续上升，股市继续上涨，信贷紧缩，债券收益率曲线趋平；到了第二年，经济增长开始放缓，股市趋于平稳，信贷开始扩大，债券收益率下降。\n自1955年以来，一共有13个独立的加息周期，平均时间...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3647246\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d0771f6361d74a78ebbf8c2fdc55c6b7","relate_stocks":{"161125":"标普500","513500":"标普500ETF","IVV":"标普500指数ETF",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","SDOW":"道指三倍做空ETF-ProShares",".SPX":"S&P 500 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