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Izmao
2022-06-21
$理想汽车(LI)$
我想知道这车卖这个价到底赚钱不?
Izmao
2021-03-04
2021.03.04 复盘笔记 by Izmao
2021-03-04 成本 现价 浮动收益 挪威邮轮(NCLH) 23.55 33.57 +42.68% 保留到回到高点
2021.03.04 复盘笔记 by Izmao
Izmao
2021-02-20
$Facebook(FB)$
抖音来了估计还会有变数,先减仓一些看看
Izmao
2020-12-14
这个听着像是a股的招商会
抱歉,原内容已删除
Izmao
2020-12-08
$一起教育科技(YQ)$
上来还破发,不合理啊,故事这么好,咋也的翻倍吧
Izmao
2020-06-09
$Second Sight Medical Products(EYES)$
今天有什么消息么?
Izmao
2020-05-18
2020.05.18 复盘笔记 by Izmao
2020-05-18 成本 现价 浮动收益 迪士尼(DIS) 100.24 118.88 +18.59% 坚持独立思考,分析当前形势,区别中美文化
2020.05.18 复盘笔记 by Izmao
Izmao
2020-04-30
2020.04.30 复盘笔记 by Izmao
错误的低估了原油的风险,一下子亏了很多,新手别玩原油疫情股力挽狂澜挽回了损失 2020-04-30 成本 现价 浮动收益 波音(BA) 131.40 145.22 +10.51% 2020-04-30 成本 现价 浮动收益 迪士尼(DIS) 101.63 113.05 +11.24% 2020-04-30 成本 现价 浮动收益 娱乐房地产依托(EPR) 24.90 32.65 +31.14% 2020-04-30 成本 现价 浮动收益 西南航空(LUV) 29.61 32.50 +9.77% 2020-04-30 成本 现价 浮动收益 皇家加勒比邮轮(RCL) 44.24 51.87 +17.25% 2020-04-30 成本 现价 浮动收益 嘉年华邮轮(CCL) 17.70 17.68 -0.11%
2020.04.30 复盘笔记 by Izmao
Izmao
2020-04-29
$西南航空(LUV)$
$特斯拉(TSLA)$
t 西南航空没有达美好么?
Izmao
2020-04-13
$WTI原油主连(CLmain)$
看来市场永远是对的
Izmao
2020-03-23
$苹果(AAPL)$
215进来看看
去老虎APP查看更多动态
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保留到回到高点","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/364360302","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1910,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":394918848,"gmtCreate":1607921979784,"gmtModify":1703850064998,"author":{"id":"3544234068234337","authorId":"3544234068234337","name":"Izmao","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/02a13c04acff69706279dcc886d281dd","crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3544234068234337","authorIdStr":"3544234068234337"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这个听着像是a股的招商会","listText":"这个听着像是a股的招商会","text":"这个听着像是a股的招商会","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/394918848","repostId":"1190323019","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1190323019","pubTimestamp":1607305950,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1190323019?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2020-12-07 09:52","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"听说美股也“韭菜化”了?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1190323019","media":"资本侦探","summary":"韭菜年年有,今年特别多。\n今年3月,美股闹了一出罕见大乌龙:一家名为Zoom Technogogies、代码ZOOM(现已替换为ZTNO)的公司股价急剧拉升,最高点与年初股价相比疯涨18倍。\n一直到S","content":"<p>韭菜年年有,今年特别多。</p>\n<p>今年3月,美股闹了一出罕见大乌龙:一家名为<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ZM\">Zoom</a> Technogogies、代码ZOOM(现已替换为ZTNO)的公司股价急剧拉升,最高点与年初股价相比疯涨18倍。</p>\n<p>一直到SEC出面,暂停了Zoom Technogogies的交易,投资者们才意识到原来炒错了股票——他们本来想买入因疫情而快速蹿升的ZOOM,代码ZM,但是却炒错了。这堪称近几年美股历史上最“愚蠢”的时刻之一。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4195b14f6f077297af841115f67d5378\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"667\"></p>\n<p>Zoom Technogogies股价走势图</p>\n<p>另一个令人侧目的现象,是造车新势力的集体大涨。</p>\n<p>尽管市场一再有声音称新势力的股价已经过高,但未能阻止股价一路攀升:今年以来,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">特斯拉</a>股价翻了六倍,市值已接近丰田的三倍;<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NIO\">蔚来</a>起死回生,股价翻了十倍;上市仅四个月的理想、小鹏,也实现了成倍增长。</p>\n<p>种种不寻常现象,源自于美股投资者今年逻辑、态度、喜好的变化,这又隐隐指向底层投资者结构的变化——一直以来,美股市场以投资者专业而著称,但今年,<b>“美股散户化”成为了谈论美股趋势时出现频率越来越高的一个词。</b></p>\n<p>散户的不专业性,可以解释认错ZOOM股票的乌龙事件,散户追涨杀跌的特点,也成为了解释新势力暴涨的一个原因。对此,也有分析师持不同意见,其对「资本侦探」表示,<b>美股散户化的趋势没有那么明显,可能是券商为了宣传散户打新业务而鼓吹的概念。</b></p>\n<p>相悖的结论之间,事实值得探究:美股真的出现散户化趋势了吗?再深挖一步,投资者结构的变化对于资本市场又会产生什么影响?</p>\n<p><b>韭菜批量进美股</b></p>\n<p>虽然机构投资者占比大是美股市场一直以来的主要特征之一,但不可否认的事实是,今年确实有一大批个人投资者涌入了美股市场。</p>\n<p>能最直接作证这一趋势的,是各大券商的开户量数据,它代表了新入场的散户数量。</p>\n<p>国内,两家上市互联网券商富途证券、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TIGR\">老虎证券</a>的开户人数在今年大幅度增长。根据财报,富途Q1、Q2、Q3的总开户人数同比增长率分别为48.7%、55.4%、79.7%,截至9月底达到117万。老虎截至10月28日,开户人数也已正式突破100万——这一数据在去年年底为64.9万。</p>\n<p>富途和老虎是国内个人投资者参与港股、美股交易的主要渠道,<b>其今年以来开户量的大增,一定程度上反映出国内个人投资者涌入美股、港股的趋势。</b></p>\n<p>美国互联网券商Robinhood的开户数据,则更能直接反映美国本土散户对股票市场的热情。<b>5月,Robinhood宣布与年初相比平台新增开户数高达300万个,</b>总开户数突破1300万。Robinhood的用户群体中包含了大量年轻人,公司在六月份的一次采访中透露,超过一半的Robinhood用户是第一次开户,平均年龄31岁。</p>\n<p>上述互联网券商的数据,都表明了今年以来确实有不小规模的散户大军涌入美股市场,且其中有很大一部分属于缺乏投资经验的年轻投资者。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4a69eae7f3b56a1aee3ed23edadb8ce7\" tg-width=\"600\" tg-height=\"400\"></p>\n<p>这部分群体的涌入对美股投资者结构造成了一定的影响。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/03908\">中金公司</a>的一份研报显示,散户投资者贡献美股成交额的比例有所上升。<b>中金通过估算得出,散户成交量占比从1月份的7.76%跳升至4月的17.5%,5-6月也依然维持高位,成交占比达到15.9%和17.4%。</b></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GS\">高盛</a>的一组数据同样可以印证这一趋势:总投资金额在2000美金以下的总交易额比例在今年6月已经上涨到2.3% ,而年初这个数字仅为1.5%。这部分小体量交易,几乎与机构行为无关。</p>\n<p>多项数据都表明,<b>虽然美股依旧是一个以机构为主导的市场,但今年以来散户人数确实呈现出上升趋势。</b></p>\n<p>美股迎来众多散户,与疫情有着直接关系:<b>疫情为大量美国年轻人提供了炒股的时间、资金与动机。</b></p>\n<p>时间来源于疫情居家带来的大量空白时间,资金则部分来源于美国政府的经济刺激计划,以及疫情期间人们减少的消费。因此,虽然疫情对就业形势、宏观经济有着不可忽视的负面影响,但部分人手中可支配的资金却不一定变少了。</p>\n<p>同时,美联储为挽救经济而祭出大招:今年3月大规模降息,将联邦基金利率目标区间大幅下调至0-0.25%,并宣布将重启量化宽松政策。“零利率”与宽松货币政策为市场注入大量可流动货币,以消费拉动内需,同时也让更多渴望高利率的人转而从股市中寻找机会。这为散户入市提供了动机。</p>\n<p>此外,<b>得益于互联网券商的出现,大大提高了个人投资者交易的便捷性,</b>尤其是Robinhood的零佣金优惠对散户来说是不小的诱惑。</p>\n<p>种种原因汇聚,在疫情这一特殊时代背景下,美股市场散户比例抬升。基于此,投资者结构的变化又反映在了市场的一些不寻常现象中。</p>\n<p>以蔚来为例,其今年以来涨幅夸张,这背后一定程度是因为散户的推动。</p>\n<p>追捧蔚来的个人投资者并不只是来自国内,在Robinhood最热门股票榜单上,蔚来一度杀进前三,热度超过特斯拉。这意味着蔚来在美国散户心中也是一个颇热门的投资标的。</p>\n<p>从中可窥见现阶段散户们偏爱的股票类型,Robinhood热门排行榜上的常客大多数是<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>、特斯拉、Zoom等代表未来、科技的企业。</p>\n<p>此外,老虎证券社区运营和投研负责人王珊告诉「资本侦探」,<b>散户更愿意从波动比较大的股票中,去挑选一些概念更好、更代表未来的公司,</b>比如新能源、云服务以及疫苗相关,可能很少关注传统行业。“特斯拉中国学徒”蔚来,显然很符合散户的喜好。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/df50a855369f02a0d69921d8c7b49778\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"709\"></p>\n<p> Robinhood热门股票榜单</p>\n<p>数据表明,蔚来的成交量、换手率在美股市场都属于高位,11月16日,蔚来成交量位列整个美股市场首位。而短线交易、频繁换手正是散户的一个特征,<b>蔚来股票的活跃度、流动性较高,与大量散户参与有着一定的关系。</b></p>\n<p>但散户的作用不应被过度夸大,美股仍是一个机构投资者占绝对主导地位的市场,散户的有限力量无法炒出蔚来11倍的股价涨幅。</p>\n<p><b>蔚来以及新势力整体的疯涨,背后涉及到多空博弈、量化交易等更复杂的因素。</b>王珊认为,蔚来的好几次上涨都是来自于逼空,这跟特斯拉早年有几波大涨非常相似。</p>\n<p>在市场情绪影响下,企业价值和价格之间的错位十分常见,但决定企业长期表现的核心仍然是企业的业绩表现。今年以来新势力销量猛涨,且纷纷跨过毛利率转正的节点,吸引了更多专业的机构投资者增持,它们对股价的推动作用远远大于散户。</p>\n<p>美股的散户化确实是疫情催化出的新趋势,<b>但其实际影响力,似乎并没有那么显著。</b></p>\n<p>在已经成熟的美股市场中,个人投资者从不是主角。</p>\n<p><b>企业更爱机构?</b></p>\n<p>投资者结构究竟能在多大程度上影响一家公司对于上市地的选择?部分投资人的回答可以给出一些线索。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LI\">理想汽车</a>投资人、华兴新经济基金董事总经理牛晓毅,曾这样向「资本侦探」解释理想汽车选择登陆美股的原因:“<b>在美元市场是有一些很成功的、规模很大的长线投资人的,能对公司有一个很长时间的支持,这个其实是比较可贵的。</b>未来四五年里,我觉得从对公司长期支持的角度来说,美元市场是不错的选择。”</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/99d615def094b042ed70c0d1aec0e3cf\" tg-width=\"600\" tg-height=\"400\"></p>\n<p>之所以重视资本市场的投资人组成和结构,是因为投资者结构的差别会造就各个市场不同的特点。</p>\n<p>典型代表是,与美股机构投资者占绝对主导的形态不同,<b>A股是一个散户化明显的市场,根据中国结算最新披露的数据,截至10月底,A股投资者为1.74亿户,而A股机构投资者数量尚不足39万户。</b></p>\n<p><b>散户占比更高的A股,股票流通性也更强。</b>数据显示,2018年A股整体换手率为448%,远高于美股109%的换手率。两地市场股票换手率的差异根源在于,机构更偏向于长期持有股票,而散户则多为短线交易。</p>\n<p>大体来看,散户在专业性上往往多有不足,容易受到市场传闻的影响,从而催生一些诡异的现象,也为妖股的诞生提供温床。</p>\n<p>早在2003年时,《中国证券报》就曾有文章揭露宁波“涨停敢死队”,通过追涨停、抓涨停、拉涨停等投资技巧获得了极大的投资回报,这一与企业价值判断毫不相关的投机操作方式,让他们几乎成为A股股民偶像。2015年,一篇《八年一万倍》的网帖火遍全网,又让股民找到了新的股神。</p>\n<p>对“股神”的盲目崇拜,让散户更容易“被操控”。《经济参考报》中曾这样解释,在“散户市”中,机构投资者变成了实力最强的“大散户”,<b>它们借助自身强大的信息优势和资金优势,充分利用散户的盲从和赌徒心态,通过“讲故事”、“编题材”发动“群众运动式”的<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QC7.SI\">全民</a>炒股,并向散户进行疯牛传销,趁机造市暴炒,从中谋取暴利,最终却让散户抬轿、买单。</b></p>\n<p>与国内投资者关联较紧密的还有港股,港股的投资者分布介于美股与A股之间,从交易占比看,根据港交所最新报告,香港本地个人投资者占比仅为10.3%,外地个人投资者占6%,机构投资者交易额占比达到83.7%。对比A股,港股的投资者的机构化率显然高出许多,但对比机构持股高达93%的美股,港股的机构化率还有进一步提升空间。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e126a364cede70b379702ac0ff95d57f\" tg-width=\"600\" tg-height=\"400\"></p>\n<p>面对不同的投资者结构,上市公司也有着自己的考量。</p>\n<p>首先在选择上市地时,部分企业考虑到散户的“非理性”,<b>会倾向于选择能对公司价值作出准确判断、能陪伴公司长期成长的机构化市场。</b></p>\n<p>不过,企业对散户也有着一定的依赖性。尤其在美股市场中,由于投资者对中国企业不熟悉,大部分中概股处于少有人问津的状态,流动性极低。而对许多机构来说,考虑到之后的减持套现问题,股票流动性是它们考虑是否持有股票的一个重要因素。因此,散户比例的上升一定程度上对中概股有着积极影响。</p>\n<p>另外,面对不同的投资者结构,公司也会调整市值管理逻辑。一个明显的趋势是,<b>伴随着美股散户化趋势,一些公司的投资者关系管理开始向C端转移,</b>如B站发布三季度财报时,将财报信息以一首Rap呈现,这带有鲜明的To个人投资者的市值管理风格。</p>\n<p>王珊也提到,很多上市公司开始重视散户平台,做一些视频、投资者专访,尤其是互联网产品体验型公司,对个人投资者的重视程度越来越高。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/35b7fdca2f1aead1078561837d656660\" tg-width=\"600\" tg-height=\"399\"></p>\n<p>目前,在全球资本市场结构性变化的大背景下,投资者结构出现变化的不只是美股,港股、A股也处于变局之中。</p>\n<p><b>对于港股,随着改革不断推进,美团、小米等新经济企业上市,市场结构中科技股含量上升。</b>尤其是今年以来,一批知名中概股在港二次上市,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/09633\">农夫山泉</a>、泡泡玛特、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/03998\">波司登</a>等市场认知度较高消费股涌现,为港股吸引了一批散户的关注,引发了散户极高的打新热情。</p>\n<p>对于A股市场,降低散户比例、推进机构化进程是一直以来的大方向。今年全民买基金的风潮,对A股机构化进程来说是一个有利因素。</p>\n<p>A股投资者结构的演进可以从美股市场的进程中找到参照。</p>\n<p>诞生初期,美股实际上也是一个由散户主导的市场,1924年,美国诞生了世界上第一只“开放式基金”,此后基金逐渐取代散户,成为了美国资本市场的重要投资者。在19世纪80年代左右,美国养老金规模迅速壮大,并且养老金中有极大一部分被用于投资美国证券基金、各类债券、股票、股权等。</p>\n<p><b>将钱放在证券基金和养老金中,而非直接投资股票,成为美国民众更为青睐的理财方式,</b>美国民众偏爱基金而非股票的原因在于,这为他们省下了大量的时间与精力,从平均数据来讲,也意味着更低的风险与更高的回报率。这些因素成为美股个人投资者比例极低、机构占市场主导地位的大前提。</p>\n<p>今年国内的基金热,似乎预示着大众投资的兴趣有从股票向基金转移的可能性。但是,<b>无论从基金配置、大众心理上看,A股要向机构化市场转型还有很长的一段路要走。</b></p>\n<p>种种变量之下,全球资本市场正在酝酿着一场大变局。但对散户们来说,无论投资者结构如何变化,这永远是一个充满了诱惑与危险的游戏场。</p>","source":"lsy1585101920501","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>听说美股也“韭菜化”了?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; 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.h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n听说美股也“韭菜化”了?\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2020-12-07 09:52 北京时间 <a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ugxe6WOzxUULvWU4jh5iLQ><strong>资本侦探</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>韭菜年年有,今年特别多。\n今年3月,美股闹了一出罕见大乌龙:一家名为Zoom Technogogies、代码ZOOM(现已替换为ZTNO)的公司股价急剧拉升,最高点与年初股价相比疯涨18倍。\n一直到SEC出面,暂停了Zoom Technogogies的交易,投资者们才意识到原来炒错了股票——他们本来想买入因疫情而快速蹿升的ZOOM,代码ZM,但是却炒错了。这堪称近几年美股历史上最“愚蠢”的时刻之一...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ugxe6WOzxUULvWU4jh5iLQ\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5b3b5e72649367d0aafd9bcbbca9bcd1","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ugxe6WOzxUULvWU4jh5iLQ","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1190323019","content_text":"韭菜年年有,今年特别多。\n今年3月,美股闹了一出罕见大乌龙:一家名为Zoom Technogogies、代码ZOOM(现已替换为ZTNO)的公司股价急剧拉升,最高点与年初股价相比疯涨18倍。\n一直到SEC出面,暂停了Zoom Technogogies的交易,投资者们才意识到原来炒错了股票——他们本来想买入因疫情而快速蹿升的ZOOM,代码ZM,但是却炒错了。这堪称近几年美股历史上最“愚蠢”的时刻之一。\n\nZoom Technogogies股价走势图\n另一个令人侧目的现象,是造车新势力的集体大涨。\n尽管市场一再有声音称新势力的股价已经过高,但未能阻止股价一路攀升:今年以来,特斯拉股价翻了六倍,市值已接近丰田的三倍;蔚来起死回生,股价翻了十倍;上市仅四个月的理想、小鹏,也实现了成倍增长。\n种种不寻常现象,源自于美股投资者今年逻辑、态度、喜好的变化,这又隐隐指向底层投资者结构的变化——一直以来,美股市场以投资者专业而著称,但今年,“美股散户化”成为了谈论美股趋势时出现频率越来越高的一个词。\n散户的不专业性,可以解释认错ZOOM股票的乌龙事件,散户追涨杀跌的特点,也成为了解释新势力暴涨的一个原因。对此,也有分析师持不同意见,其对「资本侦探」表示,美股散户化的趋势没有那么明显,可能是券商为了宣传散户打新业务而鼓吹的概念。\n相悖的结论之间,事实值得探究:美股真的出现散户化趋势了吗?再深挖一步,投资者结构的变化对于资本市场又会产生什么影响?\n韭菜批量进美股\n虽然机构投资者占比大是美股市场一直以来的主要特征之一,但不可否认的事实是,今年确实有一大批个人投资者涌入了美股市场。\n能最直接作证这一趋势的,是各大券商的开户量数据,它代表了新入场的散户数量。\n国内,两家上市互联网券商富途证券、老虎证券的开户人数在今年大幅度增长。根据财报,富途Q1、Q2、Q3的总开户人数同比增长率分别为48.7%、55.4%、79.7%,截至9月底达到117万。老虎截至10月28日,开户人数也已正式突破100万——这一数据在去年年底为64.9万。\n富途和老虎是国内个人投资者参与港股、美股交易的主要渠道,其今年以来开户量的大增,一定程度上反映出国内个人投资者涌入美股、港股的趋势。\n美国互联网券商Robinhood的开户数据,则更能直接反映美国本土散户对股票市场的热情。5月,Robinhood宣布与年初相比平台新增开户数高达300万个,总开户数突破1300万。Robinhood的用户群体中包含了大量年轻人,公司在六月份的一次采访中透露,超过一半的Robinhood用户是第一次开户,平均年龄31岁。\n上述互联网券商的数据,都表明了今年以来确实有不小规模的散户大军涌入美股市场,且其中有很大一部分属于缺乏投资经验的年轻投资者。\n\n这部分群体的涌入对美股投资者结构造成了一定的影响。\n中金公司的一份研报显示,散户投资者贡献美股成交额的比例有所上升。中金通过估算得出,散户成交量占比从1月份的7.76%跳升至4月的17.5%,5-6月也依然维持高位,成交占比达到15.9%和17.4%。\n高盛的一组数据同样可以印证这一趋势:总投资金额在2000美金以下的总交易额比例在今年6月已经上涨到2.3% ,而年初这个数字仅为1.5%。这部分小体量交易,几乎与机构行为无关。\n多项数据都表明,虽然美股依旧是一个以机构为主导的市场,但今年以来散户人数确实呈现出上升趋势。\n美股迎来众多散户,与疫情有着直接关系:疫情为大量美国年轻人提供了炒股的时间、资金与动机。\n时间来源于疫情居家带来的大量空白时间,资金则部分来源于美国政府的经济刺激计划,以及疫情期间人们减少的消费。因此,虽然疫情对就业形势、宏观经济有着不可忽视的负面影响,但部分人手中可支配的资金却不一定变少了。\n同时,美联储为挽救经济而祭出大招:今年3月大规模降息,将联邦基金利率目标区间大幅下调至0-0.25%,并宣布将重启量化宽松政策。“零利率”与宽松货币政策为市场注入大量可流动货币,以消费拉动内需,同时也让更多渴望高利率的人转而从股市中寻找机会。这为散户入市提供了动机。\n此外,得益于互联网券商的出现,大大提高了个人投资者交易的便捷性,尤其是Robinhood的零佣金优惠对散户来说是不小的诱惑。\n种种原因汇聚,在疫情这一特殊时代背景下,美股市场散户比例抬升。基于此,投资者结构的变化又反映在了市场的一些不寻常现象中。\n以蔚来为例,其今年以来涨幅夸张,这背后一定程度是因为散户的推动。\n追捧蔚来的个人投资者并不只是来自国内,在Robinhood最热门股票榜单上,蔚来一度杀进前三,热度超过特斯拉。这意味着蔚来在美国散户心中也是一个颇热门的投资标的。\n从中可窥见现阶段散户们偏爱的股票类型,Robinhood热门排行榜上的常客大多数是苹果、特斯拉、Zoom等代表未来、科技的企业。\n此外,老虎证券社区运营和投研负责人王珊告诉「资本侦探」,散户更愿意从波动比较大的股票中,去挑选一些概念更好、更代表未来的公司,比如新能源、云服务以及疫苗相关,可能很少关注传统行业。“特斯拉中国学徒”蔚来,显然很符合散户的喜好。\n\n Robinhood热门股票榜单\n数据表明,蔚来的成交量、换手率在美股市场都属于高位,11月16日,蔚来成交量位列整个美股市场首位。而短线交易、频繁换手正是散户的一个特征,蔚来股票的活跃度、流动性较高,与大量散户参与有着一定的关系。\n但散户的作用不应被过度夸大,美股仍是一个机构投资者占绝对主导地位的市场,散户的有限力量无法炒出蔚来11倍的股价涨幅。\n蔚来以及新势力整体的疯涨,背后涉及到多空博弈、量化交易等更复杂的因素。王珊认为,蔚来的好几次上涨都是来自于逼空,这跟特斯拉早年有几波大涨非常相似。\n在市场情绪影响下,企业价值和价格之间的错位十分常见,但决定企业长期表现的核心仍然是企业的业绩表现。今年以来新势力销量猛涨,且纷纷跨过毛利率转正的节点,吸引了更多专业的机构投资者增持,它们对股价的推动作用远远大于散户。\n美股的散户化确实是疫情催化出的新趋势,但其实际影响力,似乎并没有那么显著。\n在已经成熟的美股市场中,个人投资者从不是主角。\n企业更爱机构?\n投资者结构究竟能在多大程度上影响一家公司对于上市地的选择?部分投资人的回答可以给出一些线索。\n理想汽车投资人、华兴新经济基金董事总经理牛晓毅,曾这样向「资本侦探」解释理想汽车选择登陆美股的原因:“在美元市场是有一些很成功的、规模很大的长线投资人的,能对公司有一个很长时间的支持,这个其实是比较可贵的。未来四五年里,我觉得从对公司长期支持的角度来说,美元市场是不错的选择。”\n\n之所以重视资本市场的投资人组成和结构,是因为投资者结构的差别会造就各个市场不同的特点。\n典型代表是,与美股机构投资者占绝对主导的形态不同,A股是一个散户化明显的市场,根据中国结算最新披露的数据,截至10月底,A股投资者为1.74亿户,而A股机构投资者数量尚不足39万户。\n散户占比更高的A股,股票流通性也更强。数据显示,2018年A股整体换手率为448%,远高于美股109%的换手率。两地市场股票换手率的差异根源在于,机构更偏向于长期持有股票,而散户则多为短线交易。\n大体来看,散户在专业性上往往多有不足,容易受到市场传闻的影响,从而催生一些诡异的现象,也为妖股的诞生提供温床。\n早在2003年时,《中国证券报》就曾有文章揭露宁波“涨停敢死队”,通过追涨停、抓涨停、拉涨停等投资技巧获得了极大的投资回报,这一与企业价值判断毫不相关的投机操作方式,让他们几乎成为A股股民偶像。2015年,一篇《八年一万倍》的网帖火遍全网,又让股民找到了新的股神。\n对“股神”的盲目崇拜,让散户更容易“被操控”。《经济参考报》中曾这样解释,在“散户市”中,机构投资者变成了实力最强的“大散户”,它们借助自身强大的信息优势和资金优势,充分利用散户的盲从和赌徒心态,通过“讲故事”、“编题材”发动“群众运动式”的全民炒股,并向散户进行疯牛传销,趁机造市暴炒,从中谋取暴利,最终却让散户抬轿、买单。\n与国内投资者关联较紧密的还有港股,港股的投资者分布介于美股与A股之间,从交易占比看,根据港交所最新报告,香港本地个人投资者占比仅为10.3%,外地个人投资者占6%,机构投资者交易额占比达到83.7%。对比A股,港股的投资者的机构化率显然高出许多,但对比机构持股高达93%的美股,港股的机构化率还有进一步提升空间。\n\n面对不同的投资者结构,上市公司也有着自己的考量。\n首先在选择上市地时,部分企业考虑到散户的“非理性”,会倾向于选择能对公司价值作出准确判断、能陪伴公司长期成长的机构化市场。\n不过,企业对散户也有着一定的依赖性。尤其在美股市场中,由于投资者对中国企业不熟悉,大部分中概股处于少有人问津的状态,流动性极低。而对许多机构来说,考虑到之后的减持套现问题,股票流动性是它们考虑是否持有股票的一个重要因素。因此,散户比例的上升一定程度上对中概股有着积极影响。\n另外,面对不同的投资者结构,公司也会调整市值管理逻辑。一个明显的趋势是,伴随着美股散户化趋势,一些公司的投资者关系管理开始向C端转移,如B站发布三季度财报时,将财报信息以一首Rap呈现,这带有鲜明的To个人投资者的市值管理风格。\n王珊也提到,很多上市公司开始重视散户平台,做一些视频、投资者专访,尤其是互联网产品体验型公司,对个人投资者的重视程度越来越高。\n\n目前,在全球资本市场结构性变化的大背景下,投资者结构出现变化的不只是美股,港股、A股也处于变局之中。\n对于港股,随着改革不断推进,美团、小米等新经济企业上市,市场结构中科技股含量上升。尤其是今年以来,一批知名中概股在港二次上市,农夫山泉、泡泡玛特、波司登等市场认知度较高消费股涌现,为港股吸引了一批散户的关注,引发了散户极高的打新热情。\n对于A股市场,降低散户比例、推进机构化进程是一直以来的大方向。今年全民买基金的风潮,对A股机构化进程来说是一个有利因素。\nA股投资者结构的演进可以从美股市场的进程中找到参照。\n诞生初期,美股实际上也是一个由散户主导的市场,1924年,美国诞生了世界上第一只“开放式基金”,此后基金逐渐取代散户,成为了美国资本市场的重要投资者。在19世纪80年代左右,美国养老金规模迅速壮大,并且养老金中有极大一部分被用于投资美国证券基金、各类债券、股票、股权等。\n将钱放在证券基金和养老金中,而非直接投资股票,成为美国民众更为青睐的理财方式,美国民众偏爱基金而非股票的原因在于,这为他们省下了大量的时间与精力,从平均数据来讲,也意味着更低的风险与更高的回报率。这些因素成为美股个人投资者比例极低、机构占市场主导地位的大前提。\n今年国内的基金热,似乎预示着大众投资的兴趣有从股票向基金转移的可能性。但是,无论从基金配置、大众心理上看,A股要向机构化市场转型还有很长的一段路要走。\n种种变量之下,全球资本市场正在酝酿着一场大变局。但对散户们来说,无论投资者结构如何变化,这永远是一个充满了诱惑与危险的游戏场。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1892,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":956235995,"gmtCreate":1591699486317,"gmtModify":1704196510313,"author":{"id":"3544234068234337","authorId":"3544234068234337","name":"Izmao","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/02a13c04acff69706279dcc886d281dd","crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3544234068234337","authorIdStr":"3544234068234337"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/EYES\">$Second Sight Medical Products(EYES)$</a>今天有什么消息么?","listText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/EYES\">$Second Sight Medical Products(EYES)$</a>今天有什么消息么?","text":"$Second Sight Medical Products(EYES)$今天有什么消息么?","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f51db57630eb4ebcf96e3a1624953ad7","width":"1125","height":"2189"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/956235995","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1889,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}