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在最近的公告中，租车巨头赫兹透露了计划从其车队中售出约20,000辆电动汽车（EVs）的计划。这一举动在汽车行业引发了轩然大波，尤其是因为赫兹的EVs中有相当一部分是特斯拉车型。减少电动车辆车队的决定是由影响这些EVs的财务可行性的多个因素推动的。

In a recent announcement, Hertz, the rental car giant, revealed its plans to sell approximately 20,000 electric vehicles (EVs) from its fleet. This move sent shockwaves through the automotive industry, particularly because a significant portion of Hertz's EVs are Tesla models. The decision to downsize its electric fleet is driven by several factors that have impacted the financial viability of these EVs.

赫兹决策的主要原因之一是这些EVs的二手售价急剧下跌，尤其是在特斯拉在2023年大幅降价后。这些降价使二手特斯拉汽车的售价几乎减半，促使赫兹以低至约20,000美元的价格出售一些特斯拉Model 3，几乎是原购买价格的一半。这种折旧严重影响了赫兹的盈利能力，并成为他们选择减少EV车队的关键因素之一。

One of the primary reasons behind Hertz's decision is the sharp drop in the resale value of these EVs, especially following Tesla's substantial price cuts in 2023. These price reductions nearly halved the resale value of used Tesla cars, compelling Hertz to sell some Tesla Model 3s for as low as about $20,000, which is nearly half the original purchase price. This depreciation significantly affected Hertz's profitability and was a key driver behind their choice to reduce their EV fleet.

导致这一决定的另一个重要因素是与EVs相关的更高维修成本和增加的碰撞率。赫兹发现，他们的EVs，尤其是特斯拉车型，更频繁地卷入事故并产生更高的维修成本。部分原因是与特斯拉车辆相比，特斯拉车辆的零部件和维修网络有限，而其他品牌如通用汽车（GM）拥有更广泛的支持基础设施。

Another significant factor contributing to this decision was the higher repair costs and increased collision rates associated with EVs. Hertz found that their EVs, especially Tesla models, were more frequently involved in accidents and incurred higher repair costs. This was partly due to the limited parts and repair network for Tesla vehicles compared to other brands like GM, which have a more extensive support infrastructure.

电动汽车（EVs）的更高维修成本可以归因于几个因素。首先，EVs通常使用比传统内燃发动机车辆更先进和专业的技术。这包括组件如电池组，电动机，以及管理这些系统的复杂软件和电子设备。这些零部件的专业性质可能使其更昂贵，难以更换或修复。其次，对于像特斯拉这样的某些品牌，可能会有更有限的维修店网络，这些维修店经过认证或配备了处理这些特定车辆的设备。这种限制可能会导致更高的维修成本，因为竞争较少，需要专业培训和设备。第三，一个EV的最昂贵的部分之一是电池组。如果电池损坏或随时间显著退化，更换电池可能是一项巨大的开支。尽管电池的成本随着时间的推移而降低，但在损坏的情况下，电池仍然占总维修成本的重要部分。第四，赫兹的EVs，尤其是特斯拉车型，经历了更高的碰撞率，导致了更高的维修成本。这可能归因于各种因素，包括租车人对EV的驾驶特性不熟悉。更高的碰撞率自然会导致更高的维修成本。第五，赫兹和特斯拉的具体案例中，提到特斯拉不愿为租车公司如赫兹提供更换零部件的批量折扣，这导致了更高的维修成本。租赁公司通常会与制造商进行批量购买的折扣谈判，但如果没有此类折扣，维修成本可能会显著提高。最后，EVs可能具有复杂的电子系统和软件，需要专门的诊断工具和专业知识来进行故障排除和维修。这种复杂性可能会增加与维修相关的时间和劳动成本。

The higher repair costs for electric vehicles (EVs) can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, EVs often use more advanced and specialized technology than traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. This includes components like the battery pack, electric motors, and the sophisticated software and electronics that manage these systems. The specialized nature of these parts can make them more expensive to replace or repair. Secondly, for certain brands like Tesla, there may be a more limited network of repair shops that are certified or equipped to handle these specific vehicles. This limitation can lead to higher repair costs due to less competition and the need for specialized training and equipment. Thirdly, one of the most expensive components of an EV is the battery pack. If a battery is damaged or degrades significantly over time, replacing it can be a substantial expense. The cost of batteries, although decreasing over time, still represents a significant part of the total repair cost in case of damage. Fourthly, the increased collision rates experienced by Hertz with their EVs, especially Tesla models, contributed to higher repair costs. This could be due to various factors, including renters being unfamiliar with the driving characteristics of EVs. Higher collision rates naturally lead to higher repair costs. Fifthly, in the specific case of Hertz and Tesla, it was mentioned that Tesla’s reluctance to offer volume discounts on replacement parts for rental car companies like Hertz contributed to higher repair costs. Rental companies usually negotiate discounts for bulk purchases with manufacturers, but if such discounts are not available, the cost of repairs can be significantly higher. Lastly, EVs can have complex electronic systems and software that require specialized diagnostic tools and expertise to troubleshoot and repair. This complexity can increase the time and labor costs associated with repairs.

此外，还有一个重新与消费者需求对齐的元素。赫兹将许多拼车的EVs移入常规租赁业务，导致该领域供应过剩。这一举措不一定是为了满足消费者需求，而是为了避免在业务的另一部分发生意外成本。

Additionally, there was an element of realigning with consumer demand. Hertz moved many of its rideshare EVs into the regular rental business, which led to an oversupply in that segment. This move was not necessarily in response to consumer demand but rather an attempt to avoid unanticipated costs in another part of the business.

赫兹的决策是为了管理成本而进行的战略性转变，并不表示完全退出EV市场。该公司仍致力于其整体EV战略，但未来在考虑零部件和劳动力成本等因素时可能会更加谨慎，可能更青睐来自不同制造商的EVs。

Hertz's decision to downsize its EV fleet is a strategic shift to manage costs and does not indicate a complete withdrawal from the EV market. The company is still committed to its overall EV strategy, but it will likely consider factors like parts and labor costs more carefully in future acquisitions, possibly favoring EVs from different manufacturers.

总之，赫兹决定减少其电动车队的决定是由下跌的二手售价，尤其是在特斯拉降价后，更高的维修和维护成本以及需要重新与市场需求对齐和管理意外费用的结合驱动的。这一战略性转变突显了与电动汽车采用相关的挑战，特别是在成本管理和维护方面。随着电动汽车行业的不断发展，从这一经验中汲取的教训将有助于指导未来的决策，提高电动车队的整体可行性。

In conclusion, Hertz's decision to shrink its electric fleet was driven by a combination of depreciating resale values, especially following Tesla's price cuts, higher repair and maintenance costs, and the need to realign with market demand and manage unanticipated expenses. This strategic move highlights the challenges associated with the electric vehicle adoption, particularly in terms of cost management and maintenance. As the EV industry continues to evolve, lessons learned from this experience will help guide future decisions and improve the overall viability of electric fleets.