CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos_老虎社区_美港股上老虎

CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos

zerohedge2021-03-29

Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...

网页链接

免责声明：本文观点仅代表作者个人观点，不构成本平台的投资建议，本平台不对文章信息准确性、完整性和及时性做出任何保证，亦不对因使用或信赖文章信息引发的任何损失承担责任。

128

DenDenBear
·2021-03-30
Comment and like thanks
回复
2
举报
Kiteflying
·2021-03-30
Stay away from trading and remember to take profits.
回复
2
举报
Lifestyle
·2021-03-30
Guess more will surface.. lesson learned here is always invest in reputable and good companies. Not one that is driven up by so called hedge funds and manipulate the market. No easy money out there just sharks. Trade wisely and not follow the herd 😉
回复
2
举报
Bulbul
·2021-03-30
Maybe staying away from the stock market is a wise decision after all. Hard to have confidence considering how rigged the whole game is.
回复
1
举报
kungpao
·2021-03-30
Scary
回复
2
举报
Soonyee
·2021-03-30
What can we do
回复
4
举报
收起
- AS78:
  Monitor first. Please like me back, thanks
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
meowmeowme
·2021-03-30
I dont believe this has not been said before,Banks always involved in financial crisis...
回复
2
举报
收起
- StockJunior:
  let's see if this will turn into financial crisis
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
Acella
·2021-03-30
Gambling for the "professionals"..
回复
6
举报
收起
- 1PerCentClub:
  Agree
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
- Acella:
  😀
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
- 火星投资狼:
  [开心]
  2021-03-31
  回复
  举报
查看更多 1 条评论
我i168
·2021-03-30
Banks and brokers always come out creative products to satisfy their greedy profit targets...there are many hidden things you may not be aware until a case like this happens. So avoid all the leveraged derivative products. The old school of investing is: identify opportunity, buy for long, and hold for enough time to reap rewards.
回复
3
举报
收起
- LimLS:
  unfortunately people are conditioned to fast and big gains. 100-1000+% gains in just months. Those of us that still invest, hold for decades are called outdated. Unfortunate truth.
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
- 我i168:
  CFDs are margin trading, DLCs are levergaed trading, shorting, options, etc all of them are financial trafing products, they are not investing proper.
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
Tan123
·2021-03-30
still greedy now?
回复
3
举报
收起
- Tan123:
  yeah
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
同是天涯沦落人
·2021-03-30
CFDs need to be controlled well, so as to avoid systematic risks
回复
点赞
举报
PeopleAction
·2021-03-30
Oh dear
回复
点赞
举报
Avestor
·2021-03-30
This is gambling. Unfortunately, the greed of the banks had brought them to such exposure.
回复
1
举报
收起
- tungngie:
  this is so true, and so unfortunate to happen to new investors... stay vigilant.
  2021-03-30
  回复
  举报
hamstring
·2021-03-30
How deep does this go?
回复
点赞
举报
BoonP
·2021-03-30
Hmmm
回复
点赞
举报
MarketPulse
·2021-03-30
This is really gambling. Big banks such as credit suisse, Goldman Sachs are really greedy. Basically their are breaking the rules by playing between the gray areas, this is non compliance. Is 2008 crisis already history repeated itself? For years, Banks and hedge funds are destroying the financial market!
回复
1
举报
Louis5555
·2021-03-30
wow
回复
1
举报
Wallstrtbets
·2021-03-30
Good.
回复
点赞
举报
Daveb
·2021-03-30
This is not huge compared with hedgies exposure to naked shorts and synthetic shares in GME and AMC. That story when it breaks, WILL change Wall St and $20billion will looklike pocket change. ✊🏿✊🏿🚀🚀
回复
点赞
举报
navoyhot
·2021-03-30
first black swan real one
回复
点赞
举报

热议股票

7x24

全部

关于我们·老虎社区守则·老虎社区账号管理规范·老虎社区服务协议·老虎社区隐私政策

公司名称：北京至简风宜信息技术有限公司

违法和不良信息投诉：010-5681-3562（工作时间9:30-18:30）

邮箱：service@laohu8.com

营业执照：91110105MA01A4U55R

ICP备：京ICP备18016422号

网安备：京公网安备11010502036490

关注我们

{"i18n":{"language":"zh_CN"},"data":{"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","thumbnail":"","is_english":true,"pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","id":"1193371328","market":"us","top_or_hot":-1,"title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","media":"zerohedge","content":"<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">网页链接</a>\n\n</div>\n","source":null,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">网页链接</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","isBrief":false,"type":0,"news_type":1,"symbol":null,"symbol_name":null,"start_time":0,"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","article_id":"1193371328","we_media_id":null,"thumbnails":[],"rights":null,"url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"sourceInfo":null,"weMediaInfo":null,"summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","collect":0,"end_time":0,"defaultTopTitle":"zerohedge.com","property":[],"viewcount":null,"language":"en","relate_stocks":{},"translate_title":"CFDS-Archegos崩溃背后肮脏的小秘密","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{},"content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","kind":null,"is_publish_news":false,"is_publish_highlight":true,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1},"commentList":[{"id":355581794,"gmtCreate":1617085306318,"gmtModify":1634522731971,"author":{"id":"3576147606699436","authorId":"3576147606699436","name":"DenDenBear","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/01e983ba302bc271159224fa4bb390e6","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3576147606699436","authorIdStr":"3576147606699436"},"htmlText":"Comment and like thanks","listText":"Comment and like thanks","text":"Comment and like thanks","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355581794","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355248714,"gmtCreate":1617079459938,"gmtModify":1634522770405,"author":{"id":"3559824795366750","authorId":"3559824795366750","name":"Kiteflying","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0c4e5c6dfeb378c0ccafe8d68fd396c2","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3559824795366750","authorIdStr":"3559824795366750"},"htmlText":"Stay away from trading and remember to take profits.&nbsp;","listText":"Stay away from trading and remember to take profits.&nbsp;","text":"Stay away from trading and remember to take profits.","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355248714","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355258980,"gmtCreate":1617078492040,"gmtModify":1631884063676,"author":{"id":"3577580366301047","authorId":"3577580366301047","name":"Lifestyle","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f4d6b8a93bb67c48d769484626037d6e","vip":1,"crmLevel":9,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3577580366301047","authorIdStr":"3577580366301047"},"htmlText":"Guess more will surface.. lesson learned here is always invest in reputable and good companies. Not one that is driven up by so called&nbsp;hedge funds and manipulate the market. No easy money out there just sharks. Trade wisely and not follow the herd 😉","listText":"Guess more will surface.. lesson learned here is always invest in reputable and good companies. Not one that is driven up by so called&nbsp;hedge funds and manipulate the market. No easy money out there just sharks. Trade wisely and not follow the herd 😉","text":"Guess more will surface.. lesson learned here is always invest in reputable and good companies. Not one that is driven up by so called hedge funds and manipulate the market. No easy money out there just sharks. Trade wisely and not follow the herd 😉","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355258980","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355262949,"gmtCreate":1617076420481,"gmtModify":1634522787413,"author":{"id":"3577251545430244","authorId":"3577251545430244","name":"Bulbul","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/faf2ebfa43184b2844994ea9a52cddf9","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3577251545430244","authorIdStr":"3577251545430244"},"htmlText":"Maybe staying away from the stock market is a wise decision after all. Hard to have confidence considering how rigged the whole game is.&nbsp;","listText":"Maybe staying away from the stock market is a wise decision after all. Hard to have confidence considering how rigged the whole game is.&nbsp;","text":"Maybe staying away from the stock market is a wise decision after all. Hard to have confidence considering how rigged the whole game is.","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355262949","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355296342,"gmtCreate":1617073003986,"gmtModify":1634522805996,"author":{"id":"3575091423649914","authorId":"3575091423649914","name":"kungpao","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f469169ddf2122a6445250fcaea5382c","vip":1,"crmLevel":7,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3575091423649914","authorIdStr":"3575091423649914"},"htmlText":"Scary","listText":"Scary","text":"Scary","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355296342","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355616414,"gmtCreate":1617066516738,"gmtModify":1634522850801,"author":{"id":"3577319788439179","authorId":"3577319788439179","name":"Soonyee","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3577319788439179","authorIdStr":"3577319788439179"},"htmlText":"What can we do&nbsp;","listText":"What can we do&nbsp;","text":"What can we do","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":4,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355616414","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3917264,"gmtCreate":1617067211123,"gmtModify":1635746758502,"authorId":3554958921608603,"author":{"id":3554958921608603,"idStr":"3554958921608603","authorId":3554958921608603,"name":"AS78","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":6,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355616414,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"Monitor first. Please like me back, thanks","text":"Monitor first. Please like me back, thanks","html":"Monitor first. Please like me back, thanks"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355605050,"gmtCreate":1617064654370,"gmtModify":1634522869762,"author":{"id":"3572057948118382","authorId":"3572057948118382","name":"meowmeowme","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ff35c63639130db9306c87ac66c94640","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3572057948118382","authorIdStr":"3572057948118382"},"htmlText":"I dont believe&nbsp;this has&nbsp;not been said before,Banks&nbsp;always involved in financial crisis...","listText":"I dont believe&nbsp;this has&nbsp;not been said before,Banks&nbsp;always involved in financial crisis...","text":"I dont believe this has not been said before,Banks always involved in financial crisis...","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355605050","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3918159,"gmtCreate":1617073905394,"gmtModify":1635746701297,"authorId":3558572375470295,"author":{"id":3558572375470295,"idStr":"3558572375470295","authorId":3558572375470295,"name":"StockJunior","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/190811eb4af38bf9adc519e9daf6b1a6","vip":1,"crmLevel":7,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355605050,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"let's see if this will turn into financial crisis","text":"let's see if this will turn into financial crisis","html":"let's see if this will turn into financial crisis"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355877829,"gmtCreate":1617064128461,"gmtModify":1634522875562,"author":{"id":"3563150446821026","authorId":"3563150446821026","name":"Acella","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2712c4bb0bfbec4d2773e012189db3bc","vip":1,"crmLevel":9,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3563150446821026","authorIdStr":"3563150446821026"},"htmlText":"Gambling for the \"professionals\"..","listText":"Gambling for the \"professionals\"..","text":"Gambling for the \"professionals\"..","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":6,"commentSize":4,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355877829","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3916664,"gmtCreate":1617064267292,"gmtModify":1635746803313,"authorId":3574026189533561,"author":{"id":3574026189533561,"idStr":"3574026189533561","authorId":3574026189533561,"name":"1PerCentClub","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/137535c7b4b589ca0f194fe3094266bf","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355877829,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"Agree","text":"Agree","html":"Agree"},{"id":3916683,"gmtCreate":1617064357996,"gmtModify":1635746801257,"authorId":3563150446821026,"author":{"id":3563150446821026,"idStr":"3563150446821026","authorId":3563150446821026,"name":"Acella","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2712c4bb0bfbec4d2773e012189db3bc","vip":1,"crmLevel":9,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355877829,"type":1,"supId":3916664,"prevId":0,"content":"😀","text":"😀","html":"😀"},{"id":3923818,"gmtCreate":1617122081017,"gmtModify":1635746409577,"authorId":3564654698806900,"author":{"id":3564654698806900,"idStr":"3564654698806900","authorId":3564654698806900,"name":"火星投资狼","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e07a54590dfa2f7a0c7649fff90653d3","vip":1,"crmLevel":7,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355877829,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"[开心]","text":"[开心]","html":"[开心]"},{"id":3928041,"gmtCreate":1617168105357,"gmtModify":1635746148219,"authorId":3563150446821026,"author":{"id":3563150446821026,"idStr":"3563150446821026","authorId":3563150446821026,"name":"Acella","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2712c4bb0bfbec4d2773e012189db3bc","vip":1,"crmLevel":9,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355877829,"type":1,"supId":3923818,"prevId":0,"content":"😃","text":"😃","html":"😃"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355874689,"gmtCreate":1617064003841,"gmtModify":1617070526367,"author":{"id":"3563873670221480","authorId":"3563873670221480","name":"我i168","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/34b2d0551b5ab028c13ab35747c4df8c","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3563873670221480","authorIdStr":"3563873670221480"},"htmlText":"Banks&nbsp;and brokers always come out creative products to satisfy their greedy profit targets...there are many hidden things you may not be aware until a case like this happens. So avoid all the leveraged derivative products. The old school of investing is:&nbsp;identify opportunity, buy for long, and&nbsp;hold for enough time to reap rewards.&nbsp;","listText":"Banks&nbsp;and brokers always come out creative products to satisfy their greedy profit targets...there are many hidden things you may not be aware until a case like this happens. So avoid all the leveraged derivative products. The old school of investing is:&nbsp;identify opportunity, buy for long, and&nbsp;hold for enough time to reap rewards.&nbsp;","text":"Banks and brokers always come out creative products to satisfy their greedy profit targets...there are many hidden things you may not be aware until a case like this happens. So avoid all the leveraged derivative products. The old school of investing is: identify opportunity, buy for long, and hold for enough time to reap rewards.","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":2,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355874689","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3921276,"gmtCreate":1617105074047,"gmtModify":1635746526692,"authorId":3572923586954779,"author":{"id":3572923586954779,"idStr":"3572923586954779","authorId":3572923586954779,"name":"LimLS","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/217b03b0c4808fb537070ba4e8f9d83f","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355874689,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"unfortunately people are conditioned to fast and big gains. 100-1000+% gains in just months. Those of us that still invest, hold for decades are called outdated. Unfortunate truth.","text":"unfortunately people are conditioned to fast and big gains. 100-1000+% gains in just months. Those of us that still invest, hold for decades are called outdated. Unfortunate truth.","html":"unfortunately people are conditioned to fast and big gains. 100-1000+% gains in just months. Those of us that still invest, hold for decades are called outdated. Unfortunate truth."},{"id":3921320,"gmtCreate":1617105478132,"gmtModify":1635746523987,"authorId":3563873670221480,"author":{"id":3563873670221480,"idStr":"3563873670221480","authorId":3563873670221480,"name":"我i168","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/34b2d0551b5ab028c13ab35747c4df8c","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355874689,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"CFDs are margin trading, DLCs are levergaed trading, shorting, options, etc all of them are financial trafing products, they are not investing proper.","text":"CFDs are margin trading, DLCs are levergaed trading, shorting, options, etc all of them are financial trafing products, they are not investing proper.","html":"CFDs are margin trading, DLCs are levergaed trading, shorting, options, etc all of them are financial trafing products, they are not investing proper."}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355856744,"gmtCreate":1617062775388,"gmtModify":1634522893602,"author":{"id":"3575263084566569","authorId":"3575263084566569","name":"Tan123","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f62a61b3de783a68b73436f05185453a","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3575263084566569","authorIdStr":"3575263084566569"},"htmlText":"still greedy now?","listText":"still greedy now?","text":"still greedy now?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355856744","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3916379,"gmtCreate":1617063024649,"gmtModify":1635746825635,"authorId":3575263084566569,"author":{"id":3575263084566569,"idStr":"3575263084566569","authorId":3575263084566569,"name":"Tan123","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f62a61b3de783a68b73436f05185453a","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355856744,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"<u>yeah</u>","text":"<u>yeah</u>","html":"<u>yeah</u>"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355850602,"gmtCreate":1617062453606,"gmtModify":1634522898469,"author":{"id":"3554323022733956","authorId":"3554323022733956","name":"同是天涯沦落人","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/218c98f99603705b961006c26525b95e","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3554323022733956","authorIdStr":"3554323022733956"},"htmlText":"CFDs need to be controlled well, so as to avoid systematic risks&nbsp;","listText":"CFDs need to be controlled well, so as to avoid systematic risks&nbsp;","text":"CFDs need to be controlled well, so as to avoid systematic risks","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355850602","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355823827,"gmtCreate":1617061920769,"gmtModify":1634522903381,"author":{"id":"3553751084635254","authorId":"3553751084635254","name":"PeopleAction","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/50b5756d6638c3b8fc7eb475adc1ab9c","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3553751084635254","authorIdStr":"3553751084635254"},"htmlText":"Oh dear&nbsp;","listText":"Oh dear&nbsp;","text":"Oh dear","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355823827","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355832270,"gmtCreate":1617058990390,"gmtModify":1634522931933,"author":{"id":"3574810128035926","authorId":"3574810128035926","name":"Avestor","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6f3c3d4807f1c348bda9590766e78f13","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3574810128035926","authorIdStr":"3574810128035926"},"htmlText":"This is gambling. Unfortunately, the greed of the banks had brought them to such exposure.&nbsp;","listText":"This is gambling. Unfortunately, the greed of the banks had brought them to such exposure.&nbsp;","text":"This is gambling. Unfortunately, the greed of the banks had brought them to such exposure.","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355832270","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":3916038,"gmtCreate":1617061072588,"gmtModify":1635746852135,"authorId":3576456086582950,"author":{"id":3576456086582950,"idStr":"3576456086582950","authorId":3576456086582950,"name":"tungngie","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/988bf89c2727c98e8bd27200a813c1b2","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":355832270,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"this is so true, and so unfortunate to happen to new investors... stay vigilant.","text":"this is so true, and so unfortunate to happen to new investors... stay vigilant.","html":"this is so true, and so unfortunate to happen to new investors... stay vigilant."}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355807126,"gmtCreate":1617056882065,"gmtModify":1617056882065,"author":{"id":"3577837581525220","authorId":"3577837581525220","name":"hamstring","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/142dde03acff480b53099c49239bd9da","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3577837581525220","authorIdStr":"3577837581525220"},"htmlText":"How deep does this go?","listText":"How deep does this go?","text":"How deep does this go?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355807126","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355806851,"gmtCreate":1617056413673,"gmtModify":1634522945943,"author":{"id":"3557640487329444","authorId":"3557640487329444","name":"BoonP","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/dbe82c094f46c7557d8b3b483b6d1c0e","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3557640487329444","authorIdStr":"3557640487329444"},"htmlText":"Hmmm","listText":"Hmmm","text":"Hmmm","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355806851","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355800380,"gmtCreate":1617055256340,"gmtModify":1634522949846,"author":{"id":"3577347851898435","authorId":"3577347851898435","name":"MarketPulse","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d6b16f1b86e7977d1bb375d78b71b51d","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3577347851898435","authorIdStr":"3577347851898435"},"htmlText":"This is really gambling. Big banks such as credit suisse, Goldman Sachs are really greedy. Basically their are breaking the rules by playing between the gray areas, this is non compliance. Is 2008 crisis already history repeated itself? For years,&nbsp;Banks and hedge funds are destroying the financial market!","listText":"This is really gambling. Big banks such as credit suisse, Goldman Sachs are really greedy. Basically their are breaking the rules by playing between the gray areas, this is non compliance. Is 2008 crisis already history repeated itself? For years,&nbsp;Banks and hedge funds are destroying the financial market!","text":"This is really gambling. Big banks such as credit suisse, Goldman Sachs are really greedy. Basically their are breaking the rules by playing between the gray areas, this is non compliance. Is 2008 crisis already history repeated itself? For years, Banks and hedge funds are destroying the financial market!","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355800380","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355173403,"gmtCreate":1617052136902,"gmtModify":1634522954799,"author":{"id":"3573276765087503","authorId":"3573276765087503","name":"Louis5555","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b843758b8df06c1386755623cd168686","vip":1,"crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3573276765087503","authorIdStr":"3573276765087503"},"htmlText":"wow","listText":"wow","text":"wow","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355173403","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355147306,"gmtCreate":1617049847605,"gmtModify":1634522956968,"author":{"id":"3566244878628904","authorId":"3566244878628904","name":"Wallstrtbets","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6c38bbee1121ea92508ad9508fa15c5e","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3566244878628904","authorIdStr":"3566244878628904"},"htmlText":"Good.","listText":"Good.","text":"Good.","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355147306","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355154698,"gmtCreate":1617044366014,"gmtModify":1617068860171,"author":{"id":"3575141057639271","authorId":"3575141057639271","name":"Daveb","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/61df162e1597f1b5a6a6bfb13d7d92f5","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3575141057639271","authorIdStr":"3575141057639271"},"htmlText":"This is not huge compared with hedgies exposure to naked shorts and synthetic shares in GME and AMC. That story when it breaks, WILL change Wall St and $20billion will looklike pocket change. ✊🏿✊🏿🚀🚀","listText":"This is not huge compared with hedgies exposure to naked shorts and synthetic shares in GME and AMC. That story when it breaks, WILL change Wall St and $20billion will looklike pocket change. ✊🏿✊🏿🚀🚀","text":"This is not huge compared with hedgies exposure to naked shorts and synthetic shares in GME and AMC. That story when it breaks, WILL change Wall St and $20billion will looklike pocket change. ✊🏿✊🏿🚀🚀","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355154698","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":355155122,"gmtCreate":1617043685966,"gmtModify":1631884063712,"author":{"id":"3549788653484864","authorId":"3549788653484864","name":"navoyhot","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8692178649b8135209aa3b327b034334","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3549788653484864","authorIdStr":"3549788653484864"},"htmlText":"first black swan real one","listText":"first black swan real one","text":"first black swan real one","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/355155122","repostId":1193371328,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1193371328","pubTimestamp":1617024119,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1193371328?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-03-29 21:21","market":"us","language":"en","title":"CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1193371328","media":"zerohedge","summary":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance whil","content":"<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -<i>Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner</i>.</p>\n<p>The bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -<b>so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).</b></p>\n<p>As Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s&nbsp;Archegos Capital was provided by banks including&nbsp;Nomura and&nbsp;Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- as<b>CFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings</b>(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).</p>\n<p>Crucially,as Bloomberg notes,this means<b>Archegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all</b>- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).</p>\n<p>What makes the situation worse is that<b>Archegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers</b>- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.</p>\n<p>The leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.</p>\n<p>CFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.<b>This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ffab65c57ee35df93f6a6087e1136e5b\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"321\">AsBloombergnotes,<b>regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,</b>with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018&nbsp;restricting&nbsp;the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?</p>\n<p>But,<b>banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities</b>(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).</p>\n<p>In the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years with<b>total exposure topping $50 billion</b>. And bear in mind,<b>this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense</b>(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this is<b>purely synthetic</b>- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.</p>\n<p>And as we noted at the beginning,<b>this has the potential to be much more systemic</b>as the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/28842de72b88aa4010edfcfa798fa5af\" tg-width=\"500\" tg-height=\"273\"><i>Source: Bloomberg</i></p>\n<p>Mohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that<i><b>\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"</b></i></p>\n<p>We look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.</p>\n<p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>CFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nCFDs - The Dirty Little Secret Behind The Collapse Of Archegos\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-03-29 21:21 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29><strong>zerohedge</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/cfds-dirty-little-secret-behind-collapse-archegos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+zerohedge%2Ffeed+%28zero+hedge+-+on+a+long+enough+timeline%2C+the+survival+rate+for+everyone+drops+to+zero%29","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1193371328","content_text":"Stop us if you've heard this one before -Wall Street prime brokers allowed hedge funds to dance while the music was playing with ever greater leverage in off-exchange and unregulated derivatives... until the first sign of trouble and the whole house of cards comes crashing down in a potentially systemic manner.\nThe bloodbath in various media stocks on Friday has brought light back to one of the dark corners of the equity trading business -so-called contracts-for-differences (CFDs).\nAs Bloomberg reports, much of the leverage used by Hwang’s Archegos Capital was provided by banks including Nomura and Credit Suisse -who have most recently admitted huge losses- asCFDs, which are made off exchanges, allow managers like Hwang to amass stakes in publicly traded companies without having to declare their holdings(far in excess of the 5% stakes that require regulatory reporting).\nCrucially,as Bloomberg notes,this meansArchegos may never actually have owned most of the underlying securities - if any at all- as the CFD is akin to a privately-arranged (i.e. off exchange and bespoke) futures contract where the differences in the settlement between the open and closing trade prices are cash-settled (there is no delivery of physical goods or securities with CFDs).\nWhat makes the situation worse is thatArchegos reportedly took positions in these CFDs with various prime brokers- and because these positions are by their nature not centrally cleared or aggregated, this left prime broker X unaware of their client's exposures with prime broker Y... which in this case was huge.\nThe leverage Hwang was given made him look like a trading genius as the various positions he took were pumped and pumped (and helped by gamma-squeezers) but now look like a reckless gambling fool as the bets collapsed.\nCFDs linked to stocks (with a gross market value of around $282 billion at end June 2020) are among bespoke derivatives that investors trade privately between themselves, or over-the-counter, instead of through public exchanges.This is exactly the kind of hidden risk that amplified the losses during the 2008 financial crisis.\nAsBloombergnotes,regulators have begun clamping down on CFDs in recent years because they’re concerned the derivatives are too complex and too risky for retail investors,with the European Securities and Markets Authority in 2018 restricting the distribution to individuals and capping leverage. In the U.S., CFDs are largely banned for amateur traders... but not for hedge fund managers who are \"sophisticated\"?\nBut,banks still favor them because they can make a large profit without needing to set aside as much capital versus trading actual securities(driven to this opaque market as an unintended consequence of heavy regulation following the 2008 financial crisis).\nIn the case of Archegos, there is very little transparency about Hwang’s trades, but market participants suggest his assets had grown to anywhere from $5 billion to $10 billion in recent years withtotal exposure topping $50 billion. And bear in mind,this is not 'leverage' in the old-fashioned sense(i.e. banks allow you buy X-times the amount of stocks relative to your capital); this ispurely synthetic- the firm has no actual underlying asset to fall back on, but is linearly exposed to losses (and gains) on a margined basis.\nAnd as we noted at the beginning,this has the potential to be much more systemicas the losses created by Archegos' margin calls trigger more margin calls and more potential losses for the prime brokers. Think we are exaggerating, then explain why the costs of counterparty risk hedging for Credit Suisse for example, has exploded in the last few days...\nSource: Bloomberg\nMohammed El-Erian told CNBC this morning that\"It seems to be a one-off ... for now, it looks contained. And that's a good thing.\" But added \"what we don't want is a pile-up.\"\nWe look forward to the Congressional hearings on this.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"}],"hasMoreComments":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":128,"commentSize":41,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false}}