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一米阳光灿烂
10-03
国庆节后的走势大家有什么看法?
一米阳光灿烂
2022-02-09
[微笑] [微笑]
一米阳光灿烂
2021-11-19
这个想法不错
一文读懂马斯克的星际飞船:让人类变成“多星球物种”
一米阳光灿烂
2021-06-25
中签了,期待升值中!
一米阳光灿烂
2021-06-22
中签了有点少啊
一米阳光灿烂
2021-06-11
[微笑] [微笑]
一米阳光灿烂
2021-02-10
中签了!谢谢
一米阳光灿烂
2020-12-18
这篇文章不错,转发给大家看
@小虎老师:【干货】港股打新看这篇就够了
一米阳光灿烂
2020-11-20
$逸仙电商(YSG)$
上市第一天一路高歌
一米阳光灿烂
2020-11-19
感谢感谢!
一米阳光灿烂
2020-11-17
$阿里巴巴-SW(09988)$
阿里巴巴雄起
一米阳光灿烂
2020-11-07
$小鹏汽车(XPEV)$
新能源汽车我来了!
一米阳光灿烂
2020-10-19
虽然不是很多,也很棒👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
一米阳光灿烂
2020-10-19
棒棒哒!!谢谢!
一米阳光灿烂
2020-10-16
$名创优品(MNSO)$
应该还是看好👌🏻
一米阳光灿烂
2020-10-01
$Yalla Group(YALA)$
快涨吧!
一米阳光灿烂
2020-08-27
$小鹏汽车(XPEV)$
现在可以卖出了吗?
去老虎APP查看更多动态
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[微笑] ","listText":"[微笑] [微笑] ","text":"[微笑] [微笑]","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a9adf20338ae83f301dc36d29608aa6","width":"1080","height":"1518"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/631067042","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1152,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":876358484,"gmtCreate":1637276405997,"gmtModify":1637276405997,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这个想法不错","listText":"这个想法不错","text":"这个想法不错","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/876358484","repostId":"2184861334","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2184861334","pubTimestamp":1637225274,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2184861334?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-11-18 16:47","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"一文读懂马斯克的星际飞船:让人类变成“多星球物种”","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2184861334","media":"腾讯科技","summary":"星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。","content":"<p>11月18日消息,埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)旗下私人太空公司SpaceX正在研发一种可能会改变太空旅行游戏规则的飞行器。众所周知,星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。</p>\n<p>SpaceX的创始理念就是帮助生命成为多星球物种。马斯克说,如果地球经历可能导致声明灭绝的灾难,比如小行星撞击地球,在火星等其他星球定居可以保护人类文明的延续。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d701947d728baaddae175297c07d5d6f\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船原型SN9于2021年1月在得克萨斯州博卡奇卡进行飞行测试</p>\n<p>马斯克在2016年说:“历史将沿着两个方向前进:一个方向是我们永远呆在地球上,然后会有最终灭绝事件发生。另一种选择是成为太空文明和多星球物种,我希望你们同意这才是正确的道路。”</p>\n<p>这位SpaceX的创始人经常谈到他在火星上建造城市的梦想。他认为,火星殖民第需要大量人口才能实现自给自足。要实现这个梦想,就需要一种能够胜任这项任务的运载工具。星际飞船系统是运载火箭和宇宙飞船的组合,每次可以运送100多人到这颗红色星球。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/de1ecfb2b73841b9854654013925521d\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>马斯克曾说过要在火星表面建设城市</p>\n<p>星际飞船系统被设计为完全和快速可重复使用。完全可重复使用意味着,主要的硬件部件不会像其他发射系统那样被丢弃在海里或被烧毁,而是返回地面,以便支持再次飞行。</p>\n<p>快速重复利用意味着从太空返回后,星际飞船可以重新填充推进剂,并在短时间内准备再次发射,就像飞机那样。这就降低了整个发射过程的成本。</p>\n<h2>星际飞船概述</h2>\n<p>在发射时,名为“星际飞船”的同名太空舱将被堆叠在超重型火箭上,整体高度有120米,也被称为星际飞船系统。</p>\n<p>让我们先看看太空舱,它的鼻锥和着陆翼使用不锈钢材质,很像科幻小说中描述的火箭飞船。在50米高的飞船底部有六个高效的猛禽发动机,SpaceX花了10年时间才研发成功。助推剂燃烧是分阶段进行的,这种发动机的设计减少了推进剂的浪费。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/20367cc7f0c351e6a4d18e6689fe7788\" tg-width=\"787\" tg-height=\"874\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船系统被视为史上最强大的火箭</p>\n<p>星际飞船的中间是推进剂罐,它们给迅猛禽发动机提供液态甲烷(CH4)和液态氧(O2)。其中甲烷是燃料,氧气作为氧化剂,即使燃料燃烧的化学物质。这种混合物被称为甲氧氯铵。</p>\n<p>燃料的选择对于火箭发动机来说至关重要,但甲烷可以产生大量的推力。考虑到马斯克在火星上的设计,这也是个谨慎的选择。这位SpaceX创始人表示,CH4可以通过被称为“萨巴蒂尔反应”的化学过程,从火星的地下水和大气中的二氧化碳(CO2)中合成。</p>\n<p>用火星资源为星际飞船补充燃料返回地球,将使该飞船在一定程度上自给自足,使旅程更可行,也更划算。星际飞船的顶部是个巨大的有效载荷舱,将能够将货物或人员运送到深空的目的地。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/948df78f9d579efdc2d62992efb353df\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"640\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船由猛禽发动机提供动力,以甲烷为燃料</p>\n<p>现在,让我们转向运载火箭。超重型火箭高70米,将装满3400吨低温(冷冻)甲氧氯甲烷。它将由大约32台猛禽发动机提供动力,最大推力应该超过7257吨。它应该能够将至少100吨(甚至可能高达150吨)的有效载荷送入近地轨道。</p>\n<p>这将使超重型火箭比二十世纪六七十年代用于<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/APOL\">阿波罗</a>登月任务的巨型土星五号火箭更强大。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2432bc89bea3d1384cb2c8bf0f312407\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"900\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>位于得克萨斯州的星际基地正在安装超重型火箭助推器</p>\n<h2>发射和补充燃料</h2>\n<p>当整个星际飞船系统从发射台上升空时,它将开始向预定轨道倾斜。当上级阶段在太空中分离时,超重型火箭助推器会翻转并落回地球。在下降时,助推器的侧面会展开名为“网格翼”的钢结构,这将有助于引导火箭级返回发射台,以便它可以再次飞行。</p>\n<p>SpaceX有个雄心勃勃的计划,希望利用发射塔捕捉返回的助推器。当工程师和机组成员在发射前坐在发射台上时,这座发射塔为他们提供了进入太空舱和火箭的通道。</p>\n<p>一对机械臂将从发射塔伸出。当发射过的助推器被机械臂捕捉到时,网格翼将承担负载。这座发射塔被称为Mechazilla,因为它很像电影《哥斯拉》中的生物。</p>\n<p>图6:星际飞船被堆叠在超重型火箭助推器上,后者伸出的网格翼帮助它返回地球</p>\n<p>与此同时,星际飞船系统的上一级在分离后可以插入到“驻泊轨道”,允许它重新填充推进剂。</p>\n<p>马斯克在2017年的一次会议主题演讲中解释说:“如果你只是想将星际飞船送入轨道,而不做任何补充,这已经足够。你可以将150吨有效载荷送上近地轨道,但没有燃料前往其他地方。如果有加油机在轨道上帮助重新加油,就可以将150吨有效载荷一路送到火星。”</p>\n<p>为了补充燃料,星际飞船将与另一艘已经环绕地球运行的星际飞船对接,后者仅仅充当“推进剂仓库”。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f06d49863e6536c90e7862609c0c2558\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船太空舱与超重型火箭助推器分离</p>\n<h2>星际飞船的用途</h2>\n<p>对于往返火星的长途旅行来说,每次可能需要9个月的时间,马斯克打算在星际飞船太空舱前部的有效载荷区域安装大约40个客舱。</p>\n<p>他曾说过:“如果你真的想塞进更多人,每个船舱可以容纳五六个人。但我认为,我们最希望看到的是每个舱位有两到三个人,所以名义上每次飞往火星的飞船大约有100人。”</p>\n<p>有效载荷舱还将设有公共区域、存储空间、厨房和避难所,人们可以聚集在那里躲避太阳风暴,太阳风暴会向太空释放有害的带电粒子。</p>\n<p>星际飞船还将在美国宇航局(NASA)的“<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/300825\">阿尔特</a>弥斯”(Artemis)重返月球计划中发挥关键作用,该计划旨在建立人类在月球上的长期基地。2021年4月,NASA授予SpaceX价值28.9亿美元的合同,将星际飞船开发成着陆器,在未来十年左右将宇航员送上月球表面。</p>\n<p>SpaceX始终在为NASA设计能用于登月的载人星际飞船</p>\n<p>为阿尔特弥斯计划量身定制的星际飞船将不具备返回地球所必需的隔热板或襟翼。相反,“星际飞船人类着陆系统”在从地球首次发射后将留在太空中,这样它最终可以用于在月球轨道和月球表面之间的多次旅行。</p>\n<p>无人或货物版的星际飞船有个像鳄鱼嘴一样张开的有效载荷舱,这将允许它用于发射卫星。SpaceX表示,巨大的有效载荷能力为新型无人科学任务提供了可能性,包括部署比詹姆斯·韦伯更大的望远镜,后者即将成为哈勃太空望远镜的继任者。</p>\n<p>星际飞船系统还可以用于太空旅游,马斯克已向日本亿万富翁前泽友作承诺,将在2023年进行绕月旅行。与此同时,这种运输系统还可以在地球上不同的目的地之间进行高速旅行。</p>\n<p>马斯克说,星际飞船最终可以把人送到“更远的太阳系”的目的地,包括木星这样的气态巨星。但这仍是一个长期目标。</p>\n<h2>太空舱着陆</h2>\n<p>为了将其他航天器带回地面,工程师们依靠降落伞,或将飞行器设计成能够在跑道上着陆的方式。但是星际飞船系统的上层太空舱采用了不同的方法。当它准备在地球上着陆时,太空舱首先以60度角重新进入大气层,然后以水平位置“腹部翻转”着陆。</p>\n<p>这种返回模式完全依赖于大气层来减缓飞行器的下降速度。缺点是,在这种配置下,星际飞船的着陆可能不太稳定。因此,飞行器使用四个钢制的着陆襟翼,放置在飞行器的前部和后部,来控制其下降。这很像跳伞者用他们的胳膊和腿控制身体进行自由落体运动。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b099fac8b8abc6f80b40ab7da85e8136\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>2019年,马斯克在一次星际飞船更新中表示:“这与其他任何东西都不同,我们正在进行一次可控降落。你试图制造阻力而不是升力,这真的与飞机相反。”</p>\n<p>当星际飞船接近地面时,它的速度应该足够慢,足以使发动机启动,使飞船翻转到垂直姿态。然后,它使用猛禽发动机作为反动力,引导飞行器使用着陆腿安全着陆。马斯克表示,这种通用方法可以用来让星际飞船安全地降落在太阳系的任何行星表面。</p>\n<p>然而,最终,星际飞船返回地球或许还有其他目的地时,可能不再需要做翻转操纵。相反,当飞船接近地面时,会被发射塔的机械臂捕获,就像超重型助推器一样。</p>\n<p>马斯克在推特上解释说:“星际飞船也会被Mechazilla捕获。和助推器一样,没有着陆腿。这些只有在月球和火星上需要,直到当地有基础设施。”</p>\n<h2>星际飞船系统何时发射</h2>\n<p>在过去几年里,SpaceX在其位于得克萨斯州博卡奇卡的星际基地设施中测试了各种太空舱的原型。该公司于2019年启动了名为Starhopper的39米高“试验品”,它看上去有点儿像水塔,并将它发送到离地面150米的高度。</p>\n<p>第一个具有鼻锥和襟翼的星际飞船原型是SN8,它于2020年12月飞到了12.5公里的高度。SN8以腹部翻转方式返回地球,给SpaceX提供了关于航天器从太空返回的最后一部分的宝贵工程数据。</p>\n<p>然而,SN8接近着陆场的速度和力度有点儿过大,导致其发生碰撞并爆炸。在星际飞船原型SN15于2021年5月成功软着陆之前,又有3个试验品以爆炸终结。</p>\n<p>SpaceX原本计划在2021年的某个时候进行星际飞船系统的首次轨道测试飞行,但首先需要得到美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)的发射许可,该监管机构预计将在今年年底前完成一项关键的环境影响评估。</p>\n<p>在周四美国国家科学、工程和医学空间研究委员会举行的会议上,马斯克表示,SpaceX“希望”在2022年1月对星际飞船系统原型进行首次轨道飞行测试,具体时间取决于测试和监管部门的批准。</p>\n<p>尽管马斯克不确定首次轨道试飞能否取得成功,但他坚信星际飞船系统肯定能在2022年进入太空。他称,SpaceX的目标是明年进行多达12次星际飞船测试飞行,以完成“测试飞行计划”,并在2023年发射真正的有效载荷。</p>\n<p>马斯克说:“我认为,为了让生命变成多星球物种,我们可能需要1000艘飞船或类似的东西。SpaceX的首要目标始终是推进太空技术发展,使人类能够成为多星球物种,并最终成为一个太空文明。”</p>","source":"lsy1580517846866","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>一文读懂马斯克的星际飞船:让人类变成“多星球物种”</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; 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}\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n一文读懂马斯克的星际飞船:让人类变成“多星球物种”\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-11-18 16:47 北京时间 <a href=https://new.qq.com/omn/20211118/20211118A035JU00.html><strong>腾讯科技</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>11月18日消息,埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)旗下私人太空公司SpaceX正在研发一种可能会改变太空旅行游戏规则的飞行器。众所周知,星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。\nSpaceX的创始理念就是帮助生命成为多星球物种。马斯克说,如果地球经历可能导致声明灭绝的灾难,比如小行星撞击地球,在火星等其他星球定居可以保护人类文明的延续。\n\n星际飞船原型SN9于...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://new.qq.com/omn/20211118/20211118A035JU00.html\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4e73198c61f9f052f62f6c4e085ddae9","relate_stocks":{"BK4099":"汽车制造商","BK4548":"巴美列捷福持仓","BK4551":"寇图资本持仓","BK4550":"红杉资本持仓","BK4534":"瑞士信贷持仓","BK4527":"明星科技股","TSLA":"特斯拉","BK4555":"新能源车","BK4533":"AQR资本管理(全球第二大对冲基金)"},"source_url":"https://new.qq.com/omn/20211118/20211118A035JU00.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2184861334","content_text":"11月18日消息,埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)旗下私人太空公司SpaceX正在研发一种可能会改变太空旅行游戏规则的飞行器。众所周知,星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。\nSpaceX的创始理念就是帮助生命成为多星球物种。马斯克说,如果地球经历可能导致声明灭绝的灾难,比如小行星撞击地球,在火星等其他星球定居可以保护人类文明的延续。\n\n星际飞船原型SN9于2021年1月在得克萨斯州博卡奇卡进行飞行测试\n马斯克在2016年说:“历史将沿着两个方向前进:一个方向是我们永远呆在地球上,然后会有最终灭绝事件发生。另一种选择是成为太空文明和多星球物种,我希望你们同意这才是正确的道路。”\n这位SpaceX的创始人经常谈到他在火星上建造城市的梦想。他认为,火星殖民第需要大量人口才能实现自给自足。要实现这个梦想,就需要一种能够胜任这项任务的运载工具。星际飞船系统是运载火箭和宇宙飞船的组合,每次可以运送100多人到这颗红色星球。\n\n马斯克曾说过要在火星表面建设城市\n星际飞船系统被设计为完全和快速可重复使用。完全可重复使用意味着,主要的硬件部件不会像其他发射系统那样被丢弃在海里或被烧毁,而是返回地面,以便支持再次飞行。\n快速重复利用意味着从太空返回后,星际飞船可以重新填充推进剂,并在短时间内准备再次发射,就像飞机那样。这就降低了整个发射过程的成本。\n星际飞船概述\n在发射时,名为“星际飞船”的同名太空舱将被堆叠在超重型火箭上,整体高度有120米,也被称为星际飞船系统。\n让我们先看看太空舱,它的鼻锥和着陆翼使用不锈钢材质,很像科幻小说中描述的火箭飞船。在50米高的飞船底部有六个高效的猛禽发动机,SpaceX花了10年时间才研发成功。助推剂燃烧是分阶段进行的,这种发动机的设计减少了推进剂的浪费。\n\n星际飞船系统被视为史上最强大的火箭\n星际飞船的中间是推进剂罐,它们给迅猛禽发动机提供液态甲烷(CH4)和液态氧(O2)。其中甲烷是燃料,氧气作为氧化剂,即使燃料燃烧的化学物质。这种混合物被称为甲氧氯铵。\n燃料的选择对于火箭发动机来说至关重要,但甲烷可以产生大量的推力。考虑到马斯克在火星上的设计,这也是个谨慎的选择。这位SpaceX创始人表示,CH4可以通过被称为“萨巴蒂尔反应”的化学过程,从火星的地下水和大气中的二氧化碳(CO2)中合成。\n用火星资源为星际飞船补充燃料返回地球,将使该飞船在一定程度上自给自足,使旅程更可行,也更划算。星际飞船的顶部是个巨大的有效载荷舱,将能够将货物或人员运送到深空的目的地。\n\n星际飞船由猛禽发动机提供动力,以甲烷为燃料\n现在,让我们转向运载火箭。超重型火箭高70米,将装满3400吨低温(冷冻)甲氧氯甲烷。它将由大约32台猛禽发动机提供动力,最大推力应该超过7257吨。它应该能够将至少100吨(甚至可能高达150吨)的有效载荷送入近地轨道。\n这将使超重型火箭比二十世纪六七十年代用于阿波罗登月任务的巨型土星五号火箭更强大。\n\n位于得克萨斯州的星际基地正在安装超重型火箭助推器\n发射和补充燃料\n当整个星际飞船系统从发射台上升空时,它将开始向预定轨道倾斜。当上级阶段在太空中分离时,超重型火箭助推器会翻转并落回地球。在下降时,助推器的侧面会展开名为“网格翼”的钢结构,这将有助于引导火箭级返回发射台,以便它可以再次飞行。\nSpaceX有个雄心勃勃的计划,希望利用发射塔捕捉返回的助推器。当工程师和机组成员在发射前坐在发射台上时,这座发射塔为他们提供了进入太空舱和火箭的通道。\n一对机械臂将从发射塔伸出。当发射过的助推器被机械臂捕捉到时,网格翼将承担负载。这座发射塔被称为Mechazilla,因为它很像电影《哥斯拉》中的生物。\n图6:星际飞船被堆叠在超重型火箭助推器上,后者伸出的网格翼帮助它返回地球\n与此同时,星际飞船系统的上一级在分离后可以插入到“驻泊轨道”,允许它重新填充推进剂。\n马斯克在2017年的一次会议主题演讲中解释说:“如果你只是想将星际飞船送入轨道,而不做任何补充,这已经足够。你可以将150吨有效载荷送上近地轨道,但没有燃料前往其他地方。如果有加油机在轨道上帮助重新加油,就可以将150吨有效载荷一路送到火星。”\n为了补充燃料,星际飞船将与另一艘已经环绕地球运行的星际飞船对接,后者仅仅充当“推进剂仓库”。\n\n星际飞船太空舱与超重型火箭助推器分离\n星际飞船的用途\n对于往返火星的长途旅行来说,每次可能需要9个月的时间,马斯克打算在星际飞船太空舱前部的有效载荷区域安装大约40个客舱。\n他曾说过:“如果你真的想塞进更多人,每个船舱可以容纳五六个人。但我认为,我们最希望看到的是每个舱位有两到三个人,所以名义上每次飞往火星的飞船大约有100人。”\n有效载荷舱还将设有公共区域、存储空间、厨房和避难所,人们可以聚集在那里躲避太阳风暴,太阳风暴会向太空释放有害的带电粒子。\n星际飞船还将在美国宇航局(NASA)的“阿尔特弥斯”(Artemis)重返月球计划中发挥关键作用,该计划旨在建立人类在月球上的长期基地。2021年4月,NASA授予SpaceX价值28.9亿美元的合同,将星际飞船开发成着陆器,在未来十年左右将宇航员送上月球表面。\nSpaceX始终在为NASA设计能用于登月的载人星际飞船\n为阿尔特弥斯计划量身定制的星际飞船将不具备返回地球所必需的隔热板或襟翼。相反,“星际飞船人类着陆系统”在从地球首次发射后将留在太空中,这样它最终可以用于在月球轨道和月球表面之间的多次旅行。\n无人或货物版的星际飞船有个像鳄鱼嘴一样张开的有效载荷舱,这将允许它用于发射卫星。SpaceX表示,巨大的有效载荷能力为新型无人科学任务提供了可能性,包括部署比詹姆斯·韦伯更大的望远镜,后者即将成为哈勃太空望远镜的继任者。\n星际飞船系统还可以用于太空旅游,马斯克已向日本亿万富翁前泽友作承诺,将在2023年进行绕月旅行。与此同时,这种运输系统还可以在地球上不同的目的地之间进行高速旅行。\n马斯克说,星际飞船最终可以把人送到“更远的太阳系”的目的地,包括木星这样的气态巨星。但这仍是一个长期目标。\n太空舱着陆\n为了将其他航天器带回地面,工程师们依靠降落伞,或将飞行器设计成能够在跑道上着陆的方式。但是星际飞船系统的上层太空舱采用了不同的方法。当它准备在地球上着陆时,太空舱首先以60度角重新进入大气层,然后以水平位置“腹部翻转”着陆。\n这种返回模式完全依赖于大气层来减缓飞行器的下降速度。缺点是,在这种配置下,星际飞船的着陆可能不太稳定。因此,飞行器使用四个钢制的着陆襟翼,放置在飞行器的前部和后部,来控制其下降。这很像跳伞者用他们的胳膊和腿控制身体进行自由落体运动。\n\n2019年,马斯克在一次星际飞船更新中表示:“这与其他任何东西都不同,我们正在进行一次可控降落。你试图制造阻力而不是升力,这真的与飞机相反。”\n当星际飞船接近地面时,它的速度应该足够慢,足以使发动机启动,使飞船翻转到垂直姿态。然后,它使用猛禽发动机作为反动力,引导飞行器使用着陆腿安全着陆。马斯克表示,这种通用方法可以用来让星际飞船安全地降落在太阳系的任何行星表面。\n然而,最终,星际飞船返回地球或许还有其他目的地时,可能不再需要做翻转操纵。相反,当飞船接近地面时,会被发射塔的机械臂捕获,就像超重型助推器一样。\n马斯克在推特上解释说:“星际飞船也会被Mechazilla捕获。和助推器一样,没有着陆腿。这些只有在月球和火星上需要,直到当地有基础设施。”\n星际飞船系统何时发射\n在过去几年里,SpaceX在其位于得克萨斯州博卡奇卡的星际基地设施中测试了各种太空舱的原型。该公司于2019年启动了名为Starhopper的39米高“试验品”,它看上去有点儿像水塔,并将它发送到离地面150米的高度。\n第一个具有鼻锥和襟翼的星际飞船原型是SN8,它于2020年12月飞到了12.5公里的高度。SN8以腹部翻转方式返回地球,给SpaceX提供了关于航天器从太空返回的最后一部分的宝贵工程数据。\n然而,SN8接近着陆场的速度和力度有点儿过大,导致其发生碰撞并爆炸。在星际飞船原型SN15于2021年5月成功软着陆之前,又有3个试验品以爆炸终结。\nSpaceX原本计划在2021年的某个时候进行星际飞船系统的首次轨道测试飞行,但首先需要得到美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)的发射许可,该监管机构预计将在今年年底前完成一项关键的环境影响评估。\n在周四美国国家科学、工程和医学空间研究委员会举行的会议上,马斯克表示,SpaceX“希望”在2022年1月对星际飞船系统原型进行首次轨道飞行测试,具体时间取决于测试和监管部门的批准。\n尽管马斯克不确定首次轨道试飞能否取得成功,但他坚信星际飞船系统肯定能在2022年进入太空。他称,SpaceX的目标是明年进行多达12次星际飞船测试飞行,以完成“测试飞行计划”,并在2023年发射真正的有效载荷。\n马斯克说:“我认为,为了让生命变成多星球物种,我们可能需要1000艘飞船或类似的东西。SpaceX的首要目标始终是推进太空技术发展,使人类能够成为多星球物种,并最终成为一个太空文明。”","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1480,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":122448528,"gmtCreate":1624631391364,"gmtModify":1624631391364,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"中签了,期待升值中!","listText":"中签了,期待升值中!","text":"中签了,期待升值中!","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1552f98b0823a47576918e9eebec8027","width":"729","height":"1139"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/122448528","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1093,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":129810322,"gmtCreate":1624368728966,"gmtModify":1624368728966,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","c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[微笑] ","listText":"[微笑] [微笑] ","text":"[微笑] [微笑]","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/07b14deb25d1a0483f0996d8f3a120d3","width":"729","height":"1139"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/188979320","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1136,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":383723357,"gmtCreate":1612895316679,"gmtModify":1703766692011,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"中签了!谢谢","listText":"中签了!谢谢","text":"中签了!谢谢","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/38a1710b6fefea92fb16c79b06d1b05d","width":"750","height":"1334"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/383723357","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1638,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":397564205,"gmtCreate":1608300148207,"gmtModify":1703852329341,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错,转发给大家看","listText":"这篇文章不错,转发给大家看","text":"这篇文章不错,转发给大家看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/397564205","repostId":"951760817","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":951760817,"gmtCreate":1591064508929,"gmtModify":1704194217546,"author":{"id":"36989258284800","authorId":"36989258284800","name":"小虎老师","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/6e9d88ae16a2b401169a727cf1457404","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"36989258284800","authorIdStr":"36989258284800"},"themes":[],"title":"【干货】港股打新看这篇就够了","htmlText":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集,全是干货,建议收藏后阅读。这篇文章我们分为4部分,分别讲述港股打新的基础内容,以阿里为例关于港股打新的思考,以及网易京东打新的看点。 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target=\"_blank\">基础课程:美港股打新指南</a> <a href=\"https://www.laohu8.com/college/column/C20181129085311242\" target=\"_blank\">公开课:两节课搞懂港股打新</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/918019296\" target=\"_blank\">公开课:从0到1详解港股打新史,如何看待2020年的港股打新行情?</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/907179884\" target=\"_blank\">两年半港股打新大数据,告诉你怎样打新最合适</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/208632\" target=\"_blank\">2017港股打新策略细究——大数据告诉你该怎样对待新股</a>","text":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集,全是干货,建议收藏后阅读。这篇文章我们分为4部分,分别讲述港股打新的基础内容,以阿里为例关于港股打新的思考,以及网易京东打新的看点。 港股打新的基础内容 基础课程:港股入门 基础课程:美港股打新指南 公开课:两节课搞懂港股打新 公开课:从0到1详解港股打新史,如何看待2020年的港股打新行情? 两年半港股打新大数据,告诉你怎样打新最合适 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[微笑] ","listText":"[微笑] [微笑] ","text":"[微笑] [微笑]","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a9adf20338ae83f301dc36d29608aa6","width":"1080","height":"1518"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/631067042","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1152,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":876358484,"gmtCreate":1637276405997,"gmtModify":1637276405997,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这个想法不错","listText":"这个想法不错","text":"这个想法不错","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/876358484","repostId":"2184861334","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2184861334","pubTimestamp":1637225274,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2184861334?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-11-18 16:47","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"一文读懂马斯克的星际飞船:让人类变成“多星球物种”","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2184861334","media":"腾讯科技","summary":"星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。","content":"<p>11月18日消息,埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)旗下私人太空公司SpaceX正在研发一种可能会改变太空旅行游戏规则的飞行器。众所周知,星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。</p>\n<p>SpaceX的创始理念就是帮助生命成为多星球物种。马斯克说,如果地球经历可能导致声明灭绝的灾难,比如小行星撞击地球,在火星等其他星球定居可以保护人类文明的延续。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d701947d728baaddae175297c07d5d6f\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船原型SN9于2021年1月在得克萨斯州博卡奇卡进行飞行测试</p>\n<p>马斯克在2016年说:“历史将沿着两个方向前进:一个方向是我们永远呆在地球上,然后会有最终灭绝事件发生。另一种选择是成为太空文明和多星球物种,我希望你们同意这才是正确的道路。”</p>\n<p>这位SpaceX的创始人经常谈到他在火星上建造城市的梦想。他认为,火星殖民第需要大量人口才能实现自给自足。要实现这个梦想,就需要一种能够胜任这项任务的运载工具。星际飞船系统是运载火箭和宇宙飞船的组合,每次可以运送100多人到这颗红色星球。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/de1ecfb2b73841b9854654013925521d\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>马斯克曾说过要在火星表面建设城市</p>\n<p>星际飞船系统被设计为完全和快速可重复使用。完全可重复使用意味着,主要的硬件部件不会像其他发射系统那样被丢弃在海里或被烧毁,而是返回地面,以便支持再次飞行。</p>\n<p>快速重复利用意味着从太空返回后,星际飞船可以重新填充推进剂,并在短时间内准备再次发射,就像飞机那样。这就降低了整个发射过程的成本。</p>\n<h2>星际飞船概述</h2>\n<p>在发射时,名为“星际飞船”的同名太空舱将被堆叠在超重型火箭上,整体高度有120米,也被称为星际飞船系统。</p>\n<p>让我们先看看太空舱,它的鼻锥和着陆翼使用不锈钢材质,很像科幻小说中描述的火箭飞船。在50米高的飞船底部有六个高效的猛禽发动机,SpaceX花了10年时间才研发成功。助推剂燃烧是分阶段进行的,这种发动机的设计减少了推进剂的浪费。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/20367cc7f0c351e6a4d18e6689fe7788\" tg-width=\"787\" tg-height=\"874\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船系统被视为史上最强大的火箭</p>\n<p>星际飞船的中间是推进剂罐,它们给迅猛禽发动机提供液态甲烷(CH4)和液态氧(O2)。其中甲烷是燃料,氧气作为氧化剂,即使燃料燃烧的化学物质。这种混合物被称为甲氧氯铵。</p>\n<p>燃料的选择对于火箭发动机来说至关重要,但甲烷可以产生大量的推力。考虑到马斯克在火星上的设计,这也是个谨慎的选择。这位SpaceX创始人表示,CH4可以通过被称为“萨巴蒂尔反应”的化学过程,从火星的地下水和大气中的二氧化碳(CO2)中合成。</p>\n<p>用火星资源为星际飞船补充燃料返回地球,将使该飞船在一定程度上自给自足,使旅程更可行,也更划算。星际飞船的顶部是个巨大的有效载荷舱,将能够将货物或人员运送到深空的目的地。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/948df78f9d579efdc2d62992efb353df\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"640\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船由猛禽发动机提供动力,以甲烷为燃料</p>\n<p>现在,让我们转向运载火箭。超重型火箭高70米,将装满3400吨低温(冷冻)甲氧氯甲烷。它将由大约32台猛禽发动机提供动力,最大推力应该超过7257吨。它应该能够将至少100吨(甚至可能高达150吨)的有效载荷送入近地轨道。</p>\n<p>这将使超重型火箭比二十世纪六七十年代用于<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/APOL\">阿波罗</a>登月任务的巨型土星五号火箭更强大。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2432bc89bea3d1384cb2c8bf0f312407\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"900\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>位于得克萨斯州的星际基地正在安装超重型火箭助推器</p>\n<h2>发射和补充燃料</h2>\n<p>当整个星际飞船系统从发射台上升空时,它将开始向预定轨道倾斜。当上级阶段在太空中分离时,超重型火箭助推器会翻转并落回地球。在下降时,助推器的侧面会展开名为“网格翼”的钢结构,这将有助于引导火箭级返回发射台,以便它可以再次飞行。</p>\n<p>SpaceX有个雄心勃勃的计划,希望利用发射塔捕捉返回的助推器。当工程师和机组成员在发射前坐在发射台上时,这座发射塔为他们提供了进入太空舱和火箭的通道。</p>\n<p>一对机械臂将从发射塔伸出。当发射过的助推器被机械臂捕捉到时,网格翼将承担负载。这座发射塔被称为Mechazilla,因为它很像电影《哥斯拉》中的生物。</p>\n<p>图6:星际飞船被堆叠在超重型火箭助推器上,后者伸出的网格翼帮助它返回地球</p>\n<p>与此同时,星际飞船系统的上一级在分离后可以插入到“驻泊轨道”,允许它重新填充推进剂。</p>\n<p>马斯克在2017年的一次会议主题演讲中解释说:“如果你只是想将星际飞船送入轨道,而不做任何补充,这已经足够。你可以将150吨有效载荷送上近地轨道,但没有燃料前往其他地方。如果有加油机在轨道上帮助重新加油,就可以将150吨有效载荷一路送到火星。”</p>\n<p>为了补充燃料,星际飞船将与另一艘已经环绕地球运行的星际飞船对接,后者仅仅充当“推进剂仓库”。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f06d49863e6536c90e7862609c0c2558\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>星际飞船太空舱与超重型火箭助推器分离</p>\n<h2>星际飞船的用途</h2>\n<p>对于往返火星的长途旅行来说,每次可能需要9个月的时间,马斯克打算在星际飞船太空舱前部的有效载荷区域安装大约40个客舱。</p>\n<p>他曾说过:“如果你真的想塞进更多人,每个船舱可以容纳五六个人。但我认为,我们最希望看到的是每个舱位有两到三个人,所以名义上每次飞往火星的飞船大约有100人。”</p>\n<p>有效载荷舱还将设有公共区域、存储空间、厨房和避难所,人们可以聚集在那里躲避太阳风暴,太阳风暴会向太空释放有害的带电粒子。</p>\n<p>星际飞船还将在美国宇航局(NASA)的“<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/300825\">阿尔特</a>弥斯”(Artemis)重返月球计划中发挥关键作用,该计划旨在建立人类在月球上的长期基地。2021年4月,NASA授予SpaceX价值28.9亿美元的合同,将星际飞船开发成着陆器,在未来十年左右将宇航员送上月球表面。</p>\n<p>SpaceX始终在为NASA设计能用于登月的载人星际飞船</p>\n<p>为阿尔特弥斯计划量身定制的星际飞船将不具备返回地球所必需的隔热板或襟翼。相反,“星际飞船人类着陆系统”在从地球首次发射后将留在太空中,这样它最终可以用于在月球轨道和月球表面之间的多次旅行。</p>\n<p>无人或货物版的星际飞船有个像鳄鱼嘴一样张开的有效载荷舱,这将允许它用于发射卫星。SpaceX表示,巨大的有效载荷能力为新型无人科学任务提供了可能性,包括部署比詹姆斯·韦伯更大的望远镜,后者即将成为哈勃太空望远镜的继任者。</p>\n<p>星际飞船系统还可以用于太空旅游,马斯克已向日本亿万富翁前泽友作承诺,将在2023年进行绕月旅行。与此同时,这种运输系统还可以在地球上不同的目的地之间进行高速旅行。</p>\n<p>马斯克说,星际飞船最终可以把人送到“更远的太阳系”的目的地,包括木星这样的气态巨星。但这仍是一个长期目标。</p>\n<h2>太空舱着陆</h2>\n<p>为了将其他航天器带回地面,工程师们依靠降落伞,或将飞行器设计成能够在跑道上着陆的方式。但是星际飞船系统的上层太空舱采用了不同的方法。当它准备在地球上着陆时,太空舱首先以60度角重新进入大气层,然后以水平位置“腹部翻转”着陆。</p>\n<p>这种返回模式完全依赖于大气层来减缓飞行器的下降速度。缺点是,在这种配置下,星际飞船的着陆可能不太稳定。因此,飞行器使用四个钢制的着陆襟翼,放置在飞行器的前部和后部,来控制其下降。这很像跳伞者用他们的胳膊和腿控制身体进行自由落体运动。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b099fac8b8abc6f80b40ab7da85e8136\" tg-width=\"976\" tg-height=\"549\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>2019年,马斯克在一次星际飞船更新中表示:“这与其他任何东西都不同,我们正在进行一次可控降落。你试图制造阻力而不是升力,这真的与飞机相反。”</p>\n<p>当星际飞船接近地面时,它的速度应该足够慢,足以使发动机启动,使飞船翻转到垂直姿态。然后,它使用猛禽发动机作为反动力,引导飞行器使用着陆腿安全着陆。马斯克表示,这种通用方法可以用来让星际飞船安全地降落在太阳系的任何行星表面。</p>\n<p>然而,最终,星际飞船返回地球或许还有其他目的地时,可能不再需要做翻转操纵。相反,当飞船接近地面时,会被发射塔的机械臂捕获,就像超重型助推器一样。</p>\n<p>马斯克在推特上解释说:“星际飞船也会被Mechazilla捕获。和助推器一样,没有着陆腿。这些只有在月球和火星上需要,直到当地有基础设施。”</p>\n<h2>星际飞船系统何时发射</h2>\n<p>在过去几年里,SpaceX在其位于得克萨斯州博卡奇卡的星际基地设施中测试了各种太空舱的原型。该公司于2019年启动了名为Starhopper的39米高“试验品”,它看上去有点儿像水塔,并将它发送到离地面150米的高度。</p>\n<p>第一个具有鼻锥和襟翼的星际飞船原型是SN8,它于2020年12月飞到了12.5公里的高度。SN8以腹部翻转方式返回地球,给SpaceX提供了关于航天器从太空返回的最后一部分的宝贵工程数据。</p>\n<p>然而,SN8接近着陆场的速度和力度有点儿过大,导致其发生碰撞并爆炸。在星际飞船原型SN15于2021年5月成功软着陆之前,又有3个试验品以爆炸终结。</p>\n<p>SpaceX原本计划在2021年的某个时候进行星际飞船系统的首次轨道测试飞行,但首先需要得到美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)的发射许可,该监管机构预计将在今年年底前完成一项关键的环境影响评估。</p>\n<p>在周四美国国家科学、工程和医学空间研究委员会举行的会议上,马斯克表示,SpaceX“希望”在2022年1月对星际飞船系统原型进行首次轨道飞行测试,具体时间取决于测试和监管部门的批准。</p>\n<p>尽管马斯克不确定首次轨道试飞能否取得成功,但他坚信星际飞船系统肯定能在2022年进入太空。他称,SpaceX的目标是明年进行多达12次星际飞船测试飞行,以完成“测试飞行计划”,并在2023年发射真正的有效载荷。</p>\n<p>马斯克说:“我认为,为了让生命变成多星球物种,我们可能需要1000艘飞船或类似的东西。SpaceX的首要目标始终是推进太空技术发展,使人类能够成为多星球物种,并最终成为一个太空文明。”</p>","source":"lsy1580517846866","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>一文读懂马斯克的星际飞船:让人类变成“多星球物种”</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; 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}\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n一文读懂马斯克的星际飞船:让人类变成“多星球物种”\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-11-18 16:47 北京时间 <a href=https://new.qq.com/omn/20211118/20211118A035JU00.html><strong>腾讯科技</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>11月18日消息,埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)旗下私人太空公司SpaceX正在研发一种可能会改变太空旅行游戏规则的飞行器。众所周知,星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。\nSpaceX的创始理念就是帮助生命成为多星球物种。马斯克说,如果地球经历可能导致声明灭绝的灾难,比如小行星撞击地球,在火星等其他星球定居可以保护人类文明的延续。\n\n星际飞船原型SN9于...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://new.qq.com/omn/20211118/20211118A035JU00.html\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4e73198c61f9f052f62f6c4e085ddae9","relate_stocks":{"BK4099":"汽车制造商","BK4548":"巴美列捷福持仓","BK4551":"寇图资本持仓","BK4550":"红杉资本持仓","BK4534":"瑞士信贷持仓","BK4527":"明星科技股","TSLA":"特斯拉","BK4555":"新能源车","BK4533":"AQR资本管理(全球第二大对冲基金)"},"source_url":"https://new.qq.com/omn/20211118/20211118A035JU00.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2184861334","content_text":"11月18日消息,埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)旗下私人太空公司SpaceX正在研发一种可能会改变太空旅行游戏规则的飞行器。众所周知,星际飞船将是完全可重复使用的太空运输系统,能够搭载多达100人前往火星。\nSpaceX的创始理念就是帮助生命成为多星球物种。马斯克说,如果地球经历可能导致声明灭绝的灾难,比如小行星撞击地球,在火星等其他星球定居可以保护人类文明的延续。\n\n星际飞船原型SN9于2021年1月在得克萨斯州博卡奇卡进行飞行测试\n马斯克在2016年说:“历史将沿着两个方向前进:一个方向是我们永远呆在地球上,然后会有最终灭绝事件发生。另一种选择是成为太空文明和多星球物种,我希望你们同意这才是正确的道路。”\n这位SpaceX的创始人经常谈到他在火星上建造城市的梦想。他认为,火星殖民第需要大量人口才能实现自给自足。要实现这个梦想,就需要一种能够胜任这项任务的运载工具。星际飞船系统是运载火箭和宇宙飞船的组合,每次可以运送100多人到这颗红色星球。\n\n马斯克曾说过要在火星表面建设城市\n星际飞船系统被设计为完全和快速可重复使用。完全可重复使用意味着,主要的硬件部件不会像其他发射系统那样被丢弃在海里或被烧毁,而是返回地面,以便支持再次飞行。\n快速重复利用意味着从太空返回后,星际飞船可以重新填充推进剂,并在短时间内准备再次发射,就像飞机那样。这就降低了整个发射过程的成本。\n星际飞船概述\n在发射时,名为“星际飞船”的同名太空舱将被堆叠在超重型火箭上,整体高度有120米,也被称为星际飞船系统。\n让我们先看看太空舱,它的鼻锥和着陆翼使用不锈钢材质,很像科幻小说中描述的火箭飞船。在50米高的飞船底部有六个高效的猛禽发动机,SpaceX花了10年时间才研发成功。助推剂燃烧是分阶段进行的,这种发动机的设计减少了推进剂的浪费。\n\n星际飞船系统被视为史上最强大的火箭\n星际飞船的中间是推进剂罐,它们给迅猛禽发动机提供液态甲烷(CH4)和液态氧(O2)。其中甲烷是燃料,氧气作为氧化剂,即使燃料燃烧的化学物质。这种混合物被称为甲氧氯铵。\n燃料的选择对于火箭发动机来说至关重要,但甲烷可以产生大量的推力。考虑到马斯克在火星上的设计,这也是个谨慎的选择。这位SpaceX创始人表示,CH4可以通过被称为“萨巴蒂尔反应”的化学过程,从火星的地下水和大气中的二氧化碳(CO2)中合成。\n用火星资源为星际飞船补充燃料返回地球,将使该飞船在一定程度上自给自足,使旅程更可行,也更划算。星际飞船的顶部是个巨大的有效载荷舱,将能够将货物或人员运送到深空的目的地。\n\n星际飞船由猛禽发动机提供动力,以甲烷为燃料\n现在,让我们转向运载火箭。超重型火箭高70米,将装满3400吨低温(冷冻)甲氧氯甲烷。它将由大约32台猛禽发动机提供动力,最大推力应该超过7257吨。它应该能够将至少100吨(甚至可能高达150吨)的有效载荷送入近地轨道。\n这将使超重型火箭比二十世纪六七十年代用于阿波罗登月任务的巨型土星五号火箭更强大。\n\n位于得克萨斯州的星际基地正在安装超重型火箭助推器\n发射和补充燃料\n当整个星际飞船系统从发射台上升空时,它将开始向预定轨道倾斜。当上级阶段在太空中分离时,超重型火箭助推器会翻转并落回地球。在下降时,助推器的侧面会展开名为“网格翼”的钢结构,这将有助于引导火箭级返回发射台,以便它可以再次飞行。\nSpaceX有个雄心勃勃的计划,希望利用发射塔捕捉返回的助推器。当工程师和机组成员在发射前坐在发射台上时,这座发射塔为他们提供了进入太空舱和火箭的通道。\n一对机械臂将从发射塔伸出。当发射过的助推器被机械臂捕捉到时,网格翼将承担负载。这座发射塔被称为Mechazilla,因为它很像电影《哥斯拉》中的生物。\n图6:星际飞船被堆叠在超重型火箭助推器上,后者伸出的网格翼帮助它返回地球\n与此同时,星际飞船系统的上一级在分离后可以插入到“驻泊轨道”,允许它重新填充推进剂。\n马斯克在2017年的一次会议主题演讲中解释说:“如果你只是想将星际飞船送入轨道,而不做任何补充,这已经足够。你可以将150吨有效载荷送上近地轨道,但没有燃料前往其他地方。如果有加油机在轨道上帮助重新加油,就可以将150吨有效载荷一路送到火星。”\n为了补充燃料,星际飞船将与另一艘已经环绕地球运行的星际飞船对接,后者仅仅充当“推进剂仓库”。\n\n星际飞船太空舱与超重型火箭助推器分离\n星际飞船的用途\n对于往返火星的长途旅行来说,每次可能需要9个月的时间,马斯克打算在星际飞船太空舱前部的有效载荷区域安装大约40个客舱。\n他曾说过:“如果你真的想塞进更多人,每个船舱可以容纳五六个人。但我认为,我们最希望看到的是每个舱位有两到三个人,所以名义上每次飞往火星的飞船大约有100人。”\n有效载荷舱还将设有公共区域、存储空间、厨房和避难所,人们可以聚集在那里躲避太阳风暴,太阳风暴会向太空释放有害的带电粒子。\n星际飞船还将在美国宇航局(NASA)的“阿尔特弥斯”(Artemis)重返月球计划中发挥关键作用,该计划旨在建立人类在月球上的长期基地。2021年4月,NASA授予SpaceX价值28.9亿美元的合同,将星际飞船开发成着陆器,在未来十年左右将宇航员送上月球表面。\nSpaceX始终在为NASA设计能用于登月的载人星际飞船\n为阿尔特弥斯计划量身定制的星际飞船将不具备返回地球所必需的隔热板或襟翼。相反,“星际飞船人类着陆系统”在从地球首次发射后将留在太空中,这样它最终可以用于在月球轨道和月球表面之间的多次旅行。\n无人或货物版的星际飞船有个像鳄鱼嘴一样张开的有效载荷舱,这将允许它用于发射卫星。SpaceX表示,巨大的有效载荷能力为新型无人科学任务提供了可能性,包括部署比詹姆斯·韦伯更大的望远镜,后者即将成为哈勃太空望远镜的继任者。\n星际飞船系统还可以用于太空旅游,马斯克已向日本亿万富翁前泽友作承诺,将在2023年进行绕月旅行。与此同时,这种运输系统还可以在地球上不同的目的地之间进行高速旅行。\n马斯克说,星际飞船最终可以把人送到“更远的太阳系”的目的地,包括木星这样的气态巨星。但这仍是一个长期目标。\n太空舱着陆\n为了将其他航天器带回地面,工程师们依靠降落伞,或将飞行器设计成能够在跑道上着陆的方式。但是星际飞船系统的上层太空舱采用了不同的方法。当它准备在地球上着陆时,太空舱首先以60度角重新进入大气层,然后以水平位置“腹部翻转”着陆。\n这种返回模式完全依赖于大气层来减缓飞行器的下降速度。缺点是,在这种配置下,星际飞船的着陆可能不太稳定。因此,飞行器使用四个钢制的着陆襟翼,放置在飞行器的前部和后部,来控制其下降。这很像跳伞者用他们的胳膊和腿控制身体进行自由落体运动。\n\n2019年,马斯克在一次星际飞船更新中表示:“这与其他任何东西都不同,我们正在进行一次可控降落。你试图制造阻力而不是升力,这真的与飞机相反。”\n当星际飞船接近地面时,它的速度应该足够慢,足以使发动机启动,使飞船翻转到垂直姿态。然后,它使用猛禽发动机作为反动力,引导飞行器使用着陆腿安全着陆。马斯克表示,这种通用方法可以用来让星际飞船安全地降落在太阳系的任何行星表面。\n然而,最终,星际飞船返回地球或许还有其他目的地时,可能不再需要做翻转操纵。相反,当飞船接近地面时,会被发射塔的机械臂捕获,就像超重型助推器一样。\n马斯克在推特上解释说:“星际飞船也会被Mechazilla捕获。和助推器一样,没有着陆腿。这些只有在月球和火星上需要,直到当地有基础设施。”\n星际飞船系统何时发射\n在过去几年里,SpaceX在其位于得克萨斯州博卡奇卡的星际基地设施中测试了各种太空舱的原型。该公司于2019年启动了名为Starhopper的39米高“试验品”,它看上去有点儿像水塔,并将它发送到离地面150米的高度。\n第一个具有鼻锥和襟翼的星际飞船原型是SN8,它于2020年12月飞到了12.5公里的高度。SN8以腹部翻转方式返回地球,给SpaceX提供了关于航天器从太空返回的最后一部分的宝贵工程数据。\n然而,SN8接近着陆场的速度和力度有点儿过大,导致其发生碰撞并爆炸。在星际飞船原型SN15于2021年5月成功软着陆之前,又有3个试验品以爆炸终结。\nSpaceX原本计划在2021年的某个时候进行星际飞船系统的首次轨道测试飞行,但首先需要得到美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)的发射许可,该监管机构预计将在今年年底前完成一项关键的环境影响评估。\n在周四美国国家科学、工程和医学空间研究委员会举行的会议上,马斯克表示,SpaceX“希望”在2022年1月对星际飞船系统原型进行首次轨道飞行测试,具体时间取决于测试和监管部门的批准。\n尽管马斯克不确定首次轨道试飞能否取得成功,但他坚信星际飞船系统肯定能在2022年进入太空。他称,SpaceX的目标是明年进行多达12次星际飞船测试飞行,以完成“测试飞行计划”,并在2023年发射真正的有效载荷。\n马斯克说:“我认为,为了让生命变成多星球物种,我们可能需要1000艘飞船或类似的东西。SpaceX的首要目标始终是推进太空技术发展,使人类能够成为多星球物种,并最终成为一个太空文明。”","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1480,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":122448528,"gmtCreate":1624631391364,"gmtModify":1624631391364,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"中签了,期待升值中!","listText":"中签了,期待升值中!","text":"中签了,期待升值中!","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1552f98b0823a47576918e9eebec8027","width":"729","height":"1139"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/122448528","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1093,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":129810322,"gmtCreate":1624368728966,"gmtModify":1624368728966,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","c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[微笑] ","listText":"[微笑] [微笑] ","text":"[微笑] [微笑]","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/07b14deb25d1a0483f0996d8f3a120d3","width":"729","height":"1139"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/188979320","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1136,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":383723357,"gmtCreate":1612895316679,"gmtModify":1703766692011,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"中签了!谢谢","listText":"中签了!谢谢","text":"中签了!谢谢","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/38a1710b6fefea92fb16c79b06d1b05d","width":"750","height":"1334"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/383723357","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1638,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":397564205,"gmtCreate":1608300148207,"gmtModify":1703852329341,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错,转发给大家看","listText":"这篇文章不错,转发给大家看","text":"这篇文章不错,转发给大家看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/397564205","repostId":"951760817","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":951760817,"gmtCreate":1591064508929,"gmtModify":1704194217546,"author":{"id":"36989258284800","authorId":"36989258284800","name":"小虎老师","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/6e9d88ae16a2b401169a727cf1457404","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"36989258284800","authorIdStr":"36989258284800"},"themes":[],"title":"【干货】港股打新看这篇就够了","htmlText":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集,全是干货,建议收藏后阅读。这篇文章我们分为4部分,分别讲述港股打新的基础内容,以阿里为例关于港股打新的思考,以及网易京东打新的看点。 港股打新的基础内容 <a href=\"https://www.laohu8.com/college/column/C20181129061926867?videoId=20181128065521548\" target=\"_blank\">基础课程:港股入门</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/RN?name=RNCollege&page=/college/course&rndata={"gid":"C20201112094916999"}\" target=\"_blank\">基础课程:美港股打新指南</a> <a href=\"https://www.laohu8.com/college/column/C20181129085311242\" target=\"_blank\">公开课:两节课搞懂港股打新</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/918019296\" target=\"_blank\">公开课:从0到1详解港股打新史,如何看待2020年的港股打新行情?</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/907179884\" target=\"_blank\">两年半港股打新大数据,告诉你怎样打新最合适</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/208632\" target=\"_blank\">2017港股打新策略细究——大数据告诉你该怎样对待新股</a>","listText":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集,全是干货,建议收藏后阅读。这篇文章我们分为4部分,分别讲述港股打新的基础内容,以阿里为例关于港股打新的思考,以及网易京东打新的看点。 港股打新的基础内容 <a href=\"https://www.laohu8.com/college/column/C20181129061926867?videoId=20181128065521548\" target=\"_blank\">基础课程:港股入门</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/RN?name=RNCollege&page=/college/course&rndata={"gid":"C20201112094916999"}\" target=\"_blank\">基础课程:美港股打新指南</a> <a href=\"https://www.laohu8.com/college/column/C20181129085311242\" target=\"_blank\">公开课:两节课搞懂港股打新</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/918019296\" target=\"_blank\">公开课:从0到1详解港股打新史,如何看待2020年的港股打新行情?</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/907179884\" target=\"_blank\">两年半港股打新大数据,告诉你怎样打新最合适</a> <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/TW/208632\" target=\"_blank\">2017港股打新策略细究——大数据告诉你该怎样对待新股</a>","text":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集,全是干货,建议收藏后阅读。这篇文章我们分为4部分,分别讲述港股打新的基础内容,以阿里为例关于港股打新的思考,以及网易京东打新的看点。 港股打新的基础内容 基础课程:港股入门 基础课程:美港股打新指南 公开课:两节课搞懂港股打新 公开课:从0到1详解港股打新史,如何看待2020年的港股打新行情? 两年半港股打新大数据,告诉你怎样打新最合适 2017港股打新策略细究——大数据告诉你该怎样对待新股","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e29f6fe355d07e7611a72dc26bf1d049","width":"300","height":"300"}],"top":1,"highlighted":2,"essential":2,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/951760817","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":2,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1357,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":390525473,"gmtCreate":1605817526992,"gmtModify":1703839897913,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/YSG\">$逸仙电商(YSG)$</a>上市第一天一路高歌","listText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/YSG\">$逸仙电商(YSG)$</a>上市第一天一路高歌","text":"$逸仙电商(YSG)$上市第一天一路高歌","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ee7d972a1fcfe5952e2efa14a6a705a7","width":"1080","height":"1920"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/390525473","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1571,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":390204568,"gmtCreate":1605796985654,"gmtModify":1703839676420,"author":{"id":"3560860610951195","authorId":"3560860610951195","name":"一米阳光灿烂","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3e7fe76aff34505f01b34411673eb6f0","crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3560860610951195","authorIdStr":"3560860610951195"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"感谢感谢!","listText":"感谢感谢!","text":"感谢感谢!","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f640458d1ebd9b56c1de2dceb2270783","width":"750","height":"1334"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/390204568","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1696,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}