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似水流年369
2020-12-28
苹果🍎造车
似水流年369
2020-09-15
大概特朗普吧
似水流年369
2021-01-26
[难过]
抱歉,原内容已删除
似水流年369
2020-10-15
别当真,金龙鱼没法和茅台相比较。
金龙鱼是下一个茅台? 别当真!
似水流年369
2020-10-03
终于确诊了?
特朗普确诊新冠,美股期货、原油期货暴跌
似水流年369
2021-06-23
好
@阿尔法工场:格力的股权激励,董小姐的“退休奖金”?
似水流年369
2021-06-15
股市奇人杨百万
似水流年369
2021-06-14
那该咋办呢?
似水流年369
2021-06-10
台湾人把传销做出了名好
似水流年369
2021-06-06
分析的有道理
似水流年369
2021-06-05
你很棒啊!
似水流年369
2021-06-04
如今愿意生三胎的不多
似水流年369
2021-06-03
老大,想干啥就干啥
似水流年369
2021-06-02
牛气冲天啊!
似水流年369
2021-06-01
三胎带动股市了
似水流年369
2021-05-31
又被割韭菜了吗?
似水流年369
2021-05-30
相信你说的话[开心]
似水流年369
2021-05-28
真有利好啊?!
似水流年369
2021-05-27
娱乐明星都是吃的太饱了
似水流年369
2021-05-26
人民会永远记得您!
去老虎APP查看更多动态
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10:00","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"金龙鱼是下一个茅台? 别当真!","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1127497144","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"世界上有这样一种伟大企业,就是看清行业的清苦之后仍然努力奋斗。创业板今日迎来前所未有的巨无霸: “中国粮油界扛把子”、“食用油之王”金龙鱼。10月15日,金龙鱼在深交所创业板正式挂牌,开盘大涨90.5","content":"<blockquote>世界上有这样一种伟大企业,就是看清行业的清苦之后仍然努力奋斗。</blockquote><p>创业板今日迎来前所未有的巨无霸: “中国粮油界扛把子”、“食用油之王”金龙鱼。</p><p>10月15日,金龙鱼在深交所创业板正式挂牌,开盘大涨90.51%至48.96元/股,市值一度突破2500亿元。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b9a188a0a8379fe6630b9f76d67bba1a\" tg-width=\"840\" tg-height=\"470\"></p><p>此前在媒体铺天盖地的报道中,金龙鱼更是被捧为“下一个茅台”,似乎在“酱茅”“榨茅”之后,A股下一个“油茅”又要呼之欲出了。</p><p>表面上看,还真有点像。</p><p>无论在米、面还是食用油领域,金龙鱼都有近一半的市占率,是当之无愧的“中国粮油一哥”, 甩出第二名中粮集团好几条街。而<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/600519\">贵州茅台</a>在高端白酒领域的市占率达到47%,远远超出<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000858\">五粮液</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000568\">泸州老窖</a>等高端白酒企业。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/603288\">海天味业</a>在最重要的酱油品类中,占有18%的市占率,也是绝对龙头。</p><p>金龙鱼2019年收入1707亿,比茅台854亿和<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/603288\">海天味业</a>197亿加起来还要多。</p><p>而且商业模式也“很像”,都是以粮食为基础原料,只是分别加工成不同的产品:食用油、白酒、酱油,然后通过铺好零售渠道,卖给消费者。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9617bd2b63082280e3442661fb1ac87f\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"223\"></p><p><b>但如果仔细分析就会发现,从投资的角度来看,金龙鱼的质地远远比不上茅台。无论是盈利能力还是成长性,恐怕都难以和<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/600519\">贵州茅台</a>相提并论,甚至无法和海天味业比肩。</b></p><p>盈利能力上,贵州茅台的毛利率高达90%,海天味业也有45%,金龙鱼仅在10%左右徘徊。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ea48de8707c83b93d4a59d4db7ce4df4\" tg-width=\"608\" tg-height=\"420\">数据来自万得</p><p>收入增速上,海天过去十年平均在15%以上,贵州茅台最高可达到60%,而金龙鱼过去三年连年下滑,2019年只有可怜的2.2%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f4433d3c9c10ff6bd2541edb3d5fe6e8\" tg-width=\"752\" tg-height=\"531\">数据来自万得</p><p>在经营利润增速方面,贵州茅台更是一骑绝尘,2019年时增速已经逼近600%,海天味业除个别年份外,通常维持在20%以上。金龙鱼则持续降低,2019年更是只有5%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2ac6c16c9e1a5c2f640a88a461ac0aac\" tg-width=\"695\" tg-height=\"552\">数据来自万得</p><p><b>那么问题就来了,同样是粮食加工,同样是行业龙头,金龙鱼的盈利和增长能力怎么就比茅台差这么多?</b></p><p>让我们先从益海嘉里金龙鱼的历史谈起。</p><p><b>一个外商,怎么就成了中国的粮油一哥?</b></p><p>益海嘉里金龙鱼的创始人郭鹤年从小就和粮油生意结下了不解之缘。</p><p>晚清时,和很多中国人一样,他的父亲郭钦鉴“下南洋”谋生,从中国福建前往马来半岛南端,曾当过店员,开过咖啡店,其后创办东昇公司,转营米粮及糖的生意。</p><p><b>郭鹤年从小耳濡目染,完成学业后很早就表现出了管理才能。</b>他先是在三菱公司新山分行米粮部任职三年,并在20岁时被提拔为经理,随后他回到父亲的公司协助管理业务。</p><p>在其父亲去世后,他借用马来西亚占据马六甲海峡这一海上交通咽喉、以及甘蔗、棕榈热带经济作物高产等“地利”,利用冷战期间亚洲各国乃至其他地区国家对粮油、糖等商品需求的“天时”,驰骋商场多年,成为马来西亚第一富豪。</p><p>80年代末,已经赚得盆满钵满的郭鹤年,把目光投向了刚刚开放不久的中国内地。</p><p>1988年,中国波澜壮阔的改革开放刚刚开始了十年时间。虽然商品经济在当时有了很大的发展,国民经济的活力也被迅速激发出来,城市化进程日渐加速。</p><p>那时候,在绝大多数农村地区,烹饪用油就是自己家或者村子里压榨的。在城市生活的中国人,吃的油基本上都是菜市场出售的散装油。这种散装油通常也都是从农村地区收购来的粗炼油,烟点低、杂质多,质量也不稳定。</p><p><b>郭氏家族看到了其中的商机。</b></p><p>郭鹤年的侄子郭孔丰来到了先行开启粮油体制改革的深圳。借助在70年代和中粮确立的深厚合作关系,郭氏集团出技术和经验,中粮帮助铺设销售渠道,两者一拍即合,1988年,郭氏家族与中粮系合资,在深圳成立南海油脂工业(赤湾)有限公司。</p><p>三年后的1991年,第一瓶金龙鱼小包装食用油面世。这是一个划时代的产品。和当时人们食用的散装油相比,小包装食用油是对散装油产品的进一步精炼和包装,产品品质稳定,也适合大规模的工业化生产。</p><p><b>正是这一瓶油,推动了中国从散装油到小包装油的消费革命。</b></p><p>面对新奇的小包装食用油,当时很多的中国消费者并不买账,甚至有人质疑:“调和油有啥用?”</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/31ab2d5b44196b33c8e90c708c8d885e\" tg-width=\"620\" tg-height=\"350\">如今,金龙鱼调和油已经成为各大卖场占据食用油C位的产品</p><p>这里,金龙鱼采取了非常聪明的本土化做法——把突破口放在了传统节日这一<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00506\">中国食品</a>消费的高峰时段。他们从机关、事业单位逢年过节“发福利”的切口进入,在各大单位搞促销,加上中粮的背书,上市当年,金龙鱼的销量就达到了3000吨。</p><p><b>自此,小包装食用油逐渐取代了中国人厨房里的散打油,金龙鱼,也成为家喻户晓的名字。</b></p><p><b>更重要的是,在过去三十年中,益海嘉里在全国布局了细密的销售渠道,这为公司未来进一步转型升级奠定了坚实的基础。</b></p><p>我们在超市、杂货店看到的金龙鱼米面油产品,只是金龙鱼产品的一部分。金龙鱼还有很大一部分粮油产品销往餐饮行业。另外,一些食品工业产品也是下游企业的重要原料,例如海天味业、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/603866\">桃李面包</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/002820\">桂发祥</a>等。</p><p>换言之,益海嘉里金龙鱼不仅仅占领了我们的厨房,甚至在外出就餐时我们吃的每一口零食,买回家的每一包零食,背后都有益海嘉里金龙鱼的身影。可以说,益海嘉里金龙鱼已经和全国数亿家庭以及成千上万的餐饮和工业企业形成了深度绑定。这种强势销售网络也为益海嘉里金龙鱼未来新品类的扩张奠定了坚实的基础。</p><p>如今的益海嘉里金龙鱼,旗下不只是金龙鱼一个品牌。在米面油等厨房食品中,金龙鱼在中高低端市场都有品牌,此外,公司的产业链也进一步延伸到饲料原料和洗洁精等与油脂相关的日化用品上。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e908379327bac4b6b54725762f740cce\" tg-width=\"745\" tg-height=\"212\"></p><p><b>尽管如今金龙鱼的产品已经不局限在厨房食品方面,但是以米面油为代表的厨房食品依然是公司收入的最重要来源。鉴于此,我们接下来的分析也主要围绕这部分业务展开。</b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6720548e50fd843d8bc3bbe52e42210a\" tg-width=\"530\" tg-height=\"505\"></p><p>即便占了历史的先机、已经拥有了强大的营销网络,但是,金龙鱼所处的行业,依然是一个已经相对饱和的行业,这决定了益海嘉里金龙鱼的业绩增速天花板极低;由于粮食事关国计民生,产品价格上涨空间极其有限,这也决定了益海嘉里金龙鱼的盈利能力受到限制。</p><p><b>粮油市场已趋于饱和,益海嘉里金龙鱼增速受限</b></p><p><b>在大多数中国人已经不必担忧温饱问题、中国人口增速放缓、人们消费观念剧烈转变的今天,粮油,特别是益海嘉里金龙鱼主要提供的基础粮油产品的需求已经趋于饱和。</b></p><p>在食用油方面,国内食用油消费量在过去三个年度中基本上处于稳定的水平,甚至2018/2019年度还比上一年度略有下降。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0bcbb24b34eb371faab0a3b430dd2e4d\" tg-width=\"478\" tg-height=\"244\"></p><p>国内的大米消费,从2010年至2019年,一直维持在1.4至1.45亿吨的水平。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/66e8c7e95654558cb19a673b4e39337c\" tg-width=\"443\" tg-height=\"216\"></p><p>面粉的产量在进入2015年之后,增长逐渐趋于平缓;消费量也在最近20年保持相对稳定,增速并不快。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8ab9d2a5692362962ba97bf9f730130e\" tg-width=\"302\" tg-height=\"251\"></p><p><b>上述的数据,和中国的人口结构以及消费习惯的改变有密切的关系。</b></p><p>一方面,近年来,中国的人口增长速度持续放缓,这意味着对主粮的需求增长也不会和以前人口高速增长的时期相提并论。</p><p>另一方面,随着人们收入水平的提高和健康意识的增强,人们越来越多地消费肉禽蛋奶、蔬菜水果等副食。即便是留在餐桌上的那碗主食,越来越多的人也期望加入更多的杂粮来平衡膳食。</p><p>对于益海嘉里金龙鱼最重要的油脂业务来说,减少油脂摄入,已经逐渐成为中国人的共识。</p><p>在这样的大背景下,益海嘉里金龙鱼主营业务增速的天花板可以说已经到来。</p><p>除了所在行业缓慢的增速限制了益海嘉里金龙鱼的发展之外,这家巨头遇到的另一个限制来自盈利能力。</p><p><b>关乎国计民生,粮油行业提价空间有限</b></p><p>柴米油盐酱醋茶,人们要生存,最离不开的就是粮油产品。但是,这却是一个不赚钱的行业。</p><p><b>和调味品、白酒不同的是,粮油产品是人们日常生活中最不可或缺的商品。从国家战略的层面上来看,为了维护粮食安全,国家也不允许粮油产品大幅、频繁提价。</b></p><p>因此,上文提到的海天味业、贵州茅台可以通过经常提高产品售价来获得更高的毛利,但是金龙鱼不行。</p><p>常年经营粮油产业的郭鹤年自然深知这一点。在其自传中,他提到:</p><blockquote>我母亲总是不厌其烦的和我说,大米、糖和所有主要商品都是人类生存不可或缺的食物,着我无论如何不能从中谋取暴利。日用品交易中,赚取1.5-2%的利润是合理的,2%以上就可以说开始向别人插刀子了。“ <b>永远不要成为推高主要粮食价格的罪魁祸首,因为穷人都是靠此为生。</b>”</blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/88d2ce3679280e0a1a9b2a83c7c339c5\" tg-width=\"400\" tg-height=\"600\">郭鹤年</p><p><b>更何况,中国的粮油价格在过去几年中,甚至出现了连续的下跌而非上涨。这进一步限制了益海嘉里金龙鱼在主要产品上的提价可能性。</b></p><p>以零售包装食用油的价格为例,自2013至2019那年的7年时间中,这类油品的价格不断下降。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8f2a969a313a84397306e94f7176602b\" tg-width=\"295\" tg-height=\"245\"></p><p><b>粮油加工这个赛道,还有另外一个可能不招资本青睐的因素,就是受上游原料价格波动影响很大。</b></p><p>2017年,该业务因原材料平均成本较高,毛利率和其他几年相比,明显降低:</p><blockquote>公司2017年厨房食品毛利率偏低,主要因为原材料平均成本较高。2017年初厨房食品的主要原材料中的油脂价格处于高位,公司春节提前备货的原材料采购价格较高,因此 2017 年公司厨房食品的平均成本较高,导致毛利率偏低。</blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f835a07a35ee9cc0661bb18cbb00efd1\" tg-width=\"716\" tg-height=\"552\"></p><p>哪怕是在一个已经饱和的市场,提价空间非常狭窄、毛利还受到原料价格波动影响巨大的市场,郭鹤年的金龙鱼依然没有放弃。</p><p><b>罗曼·罗兰说:世界上只有一种英雄主义,就是看清生活的真相之后依然热爱生活。对益海嘉里金龙鱼来说,我们也可以说:世界上有这样一种伟大企业,就是看清行业的清苦之后仍然努力奋斗。</b></p><p><b>金龙鱼能突围吗?</b></p><p>在这样一个苦逼的行业中奋斗了三十多年,益海嘉里金龙鱼会拿出什么新花样来吸引投资者么?</p><p><b>其实,法宝就两个:进军高毛利领域,例如调味料和日化产品;卖毛利更高的粮油产品。</b></p><p>2017年时,益海嘉里的日化品牌洁劲已经悄然上市,产品线涵盖洗衣皂、洗衣液和洗洁精,这延长了金龙鱼既有的油脂生产线。在此之前,公司一直都是<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/PG\">宝洁</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/UL\">联合利华</a>、立白等日化厂商的供应商。</p><p><b>金龙鱼同样看到了调味品广阔的市场前景和较高的毛利率。</b></p><p>五年前,金龙鱼和中国台湾丸庄食品合作,将丸庄酱油引入中国大陆,金龙鱼也称,未来将推出自己的调味品品牌。</p><p><b>另一个提高毛利率的思路是,开发新的、毛利更高的粮油产品。</b></p><p>例如,金龙鱼开发了橄榄油品牌欧丽薇兰,在人们消费观念急速转变、消费结构迅速升级的当下,在问世八年中,这一品牌已经成功占据了全国橄榄油市场的半壁江山。</p><p>一方面,金龙鱼还在最近推出了稻米油,这一产品同样契合消费者对健康油品的需求。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6ee263792fbda56cbdd9c237f9485bd4\" tg-width=\"302\" tg-height=\"244\"></p><p>不过,这些高毛利业务对公司整体的营收贡献比例还不高。考虑到金龙鱼1707亿收入的巨大体量,要想对公司业务带来显著提升,这些新业务本身也需要做到相当规模,而且所在的赛道也需有足够的容量。</p><p>未来,益海嘉里金龙鱼这头大象如何起舞,让我们拭目以待。</p>","source":"highlight_wallstreetcn","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" 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}\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n金龙鱼是下一个茅台? 别当真!\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2020-10-15 10:00 北京时间 <a href=https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3602541><strong>华尔街见闻</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>世界上有这样一种伟大企业,就是看清行业的清苦之后仍然努力奋斗。创业板今日迎来前所未有的巨无霸: “中国粮油界扛把子”、“食用油之王”金龙鱼。10月15日,金龙鱼在深交所创业板正式挂牌,开盘大涨90.51%至48.96元/股,市值一度突破2500亿元。此前在媒体铺天盖地的报道中,金龙鱼更是被捧为“下一个茅台”,似乎在“酱茅”“榨茅”之后,A股下一个“油茅”又要呼之欲出了。表面上看,还真有点像。无论在...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3602541\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/31ab2d5b44196b33c8e90c708c8d885e","relate_stocks":{"300999":"金龙鱼"},"source_url":"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3602541","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/cc96873d3d23ee6ac10685520df9c100","article_id":"1127497144","content_text":"世界上有这样一种伟大企业,就是看清行业的清苦之后仍然努力奋斗。创业板今日迎来前所未有的巨无霸: “中国粮油界扛把子”、“食用油之王”金龙鱼。10月15日,金龙鱼在深交所创业板正式挂牌,开盘大涨90.51%至48.96元/股,市值一度突破2500亿元。此前在媒体铺天盖地的报道中,金龙鱼更是被捧为“下一个茅台”,似乎在“酱茅”“榨茅”之后,A股下一个“油茅”又要呼之欲出了。表面上看,还真有点像。无论在米、面还是食用油领域,金龙鱼都有近一半的市占率,是当之无愧的“中国粮油一哥”, 甩出第二名中粮集团好几条街。而贵州茅台在高端白酒领域的市占率达到47%,远远超出五粮液、泸州老窖等高端白酒企业。海天味业在最重要的酱油品类中,占有18%的市占率,也是绝对龙头。金龙鱼2019年收入1707亿,比茅台854亿和海天味业197亿加起来还要多。而且商业模式也“很像”,都是以粮食为基础原料,只是分别加工成不同的产品:食用油、白酒、酱油,然后通过铺好零售渠道,卖给消费者。但如果仔细分析就会发现,从投资的角度来看,金龙鱼的质地远远比不上茅台。无论是盈利能力还是成长性,恐怕都难以和贵州茅台相提并论,甚至无法和海天味业比肩。盈利能力上,贵州茅台的毛利率高达90%,海天味业也有45%,金龙鱼仅在10%左右徘徊。数据来自万得收入增速上,海天过去十年平均在15%以上,贵州茅台最高可达到60%,而金龙鱼过去三年连年下滑,2019年只有可怜的2.2%。数据来自万得在经营利润增速方面,贵州茅台更是一骑绝尘,2019年时增速已经逼近600%,海天味业除个别年份外,通常维持在20%以上。金龙鱼则持续降低,2019年更是只有5%。数据来自万得那么问题就来了,同样是粮食加工,同样是行业龙头,金龙鱼的盈利和增长能力怎么就比茅台差这么多?让我们先从益海嘉里金龙鱼的历史谈起。一个外商,怎么就成了中国的粮油一哥?益海嘉里金龙鱼的创始人郭鹤年从小就和粮油生意结下了不解之缘。晚清时,和很多中国人一样,他的父亲郭钦鉴“下南洋”谋生,从中国福建前往马来半岛南端,曾当过店员,开过咖啡店,其后创办东昇公司,转营米粮及糖的生意。郭鹤年从小耳濡目染,完成学业后很早就表现出了管理才能。他先是在三菱公司新山分行米粮部任职三年,并在20岁时被提拔为经理,随后他回到父亲的公司协助管理业务。在其父亲去世后,他借用马来西亚占据马六甲海峡这一海上交通咽喉、以及甘蔗、棕榈热带经济作物高产等“地利”,利用冷战期间亚洲各国乃至其他地区国家对粮油、糖等商品需求的“天时”,驰骋商场多年,成为马来西亚第一富豪。80年代末,已经赚得盆满钵满的郭鹤年,把目光投向了刚刚开放不久的中国内地。1988年,中国波澜壮阔的改革开放刚刚开始了十年时间。虽然商品经济在当时有了很大的发展,国民经济的活力也被迅速激发出来,城市化进程日渐加速。那时候,在绝大多数农村地区,烹饪用油就是自己家或者村子里压榨的。在城市生活的中国人,吃的油基本上都是菜市场出售的散装油。这种散装油通常也都是从农村地区收购来的粗炼油,烟点低、杂质多,质量也不稳定。郭氏家族看到了其中的商机。郭鹤年的侄子郭孔丰来到了先行开启粮油体制改革的深圳。借助在70年代和中粮确立的深厚合作关系,郭氏集团出技术和经验,中粮帮助铺设销售渠道,两者一拍即合,1988年,郭氏家族与中粮系合资,在深圳成立南海油脂工业(赤湾)有限公司。三年后的1991年,第一瓶金龙鱼小包装食用油面世。这是一个划时代的产品。和当时人们食用的散装油相比,小包装食用油是对散装油产品的进一步精炼和包装,产品品质稳定,也适合大规模的工业化生产。正是这一瓶油,推动了中国从散装油到小包装油的消费革命。面对新奇的小包装食用油,当时很多的中国消费者并不买账,甚至有人质疑:“调和油有啥用?”如今,金龙鱼调和油已经成为各大卖场占据食用油C位的产品这里,金龙鱼采取了非常聪明的本土化做法——把突破口放在了传统节日这一中国食品消费的高峰时段。他们从机关、事业单位逢年过节“发福利”的切口进入,在各大单位搞促销,加上中粮的背书,上市当年,金龙鱼的销量就达到了3000吨。自此,小包装食用油逐渐取代了中国人厨房里的散打油,金龙鱼,也成为家喻户晓的名字。更重要的是,在过去三十年中,益海嘉里在全国布局了细密的销售渠道,这为公司未来进一步转型升级奠定了坚实的基础。我们在超市、杂货店看到的金龙鱼米面油产品,只是金龙鱼产品的一部分。金龙鱼还有很大一部分粮油产品销往餐饮行业。另外,一些食品工业产品也是下游企业的重要原料,例如海天味业、桃李面包、桂发祥等。换言之,益海嘉里金龙鱼不仅仅占领了我们的厨房,甚至在外出就餐时我们吃的每一口零食,买回家的每一包零食,背后都有益海嘉里金龙鱼的身影。可以说,益海嘉里金龙鱼已经和全国数亿家庭以及成千上万的餐饮和工业企业形成了深度绑定。这种强势销售网络也为益海嘉里金龙鱼未来新品类的扩张奠定了坚实的基础。如今的益海嘉里金龙鱼,旗下不只是金龙鱼一个品牌。在米面油等厨房食品中,金龙鱼在中高低端市场都有品牌,此外,公司的产业链也进一步延伸到饲料原料和洗洁精等与油脂相关的日化用品上。尽管如今金龙鱼的产品已经不局限在厨房食品方面,但是以米面油为代表的厨房食品依然是公司收入的最重要来源。鉴于此,我们接下来的分析也主要围绕这部分业务展开。即便占了历史的先机、已经拥有了强大的营销网络,但是,金龙鱼所处的行业,依然是一个已经相对饱和的行业,这决定了益海嘉里金龙鱼的业绩增速天花板极低;由于粮食事关国计民生,产品价格上涨空间极其有限,这也决定了益海嘉里金龙鱼的盈利能力受到限制。粮油市场已趋于饱和,益海嘉里金龙鱼增速受限在大多数中国人已经不必担忧温饱问题、中国人口增速放缓、人们消费观念剧烈转变的今天,粮油,特别是益海嘉里金龙鱼主要提供的基础粮油产品的需求已经趋于饱和。在食用油方面,国内食用油消费量在过去三个年度中基本上处于稳定的水平,甚至2018/2019年度还比上一年度略有下降。国内的大米消费,从2010年至2019年,一直维持在1.4至1.45亿吨的水平。面粉的产量在进入2015年之后,增长逐渐趋于平缓;消费量也在最近20年保持相对稳定,增速并不快。上述的数据,和中国的人口结构以及消费习惯的改变有密切的关系。一方面,近年来,中国的人口增长速度持续放缓,这意味着对主粮的需求增长也不会和以前人口高速增长的时期相提并论。另一方面,随着人们收入水平的提高和健康意识的增强,人们越来越多地消费肉禽蛋奶、蔬菜水果等副食。即便是留在餐桌上的那碗主食,越来越多的人也期望加入更多的杂粮来平衡膳食。对于益海嘉里金龙鱼最重要的油脂业务来说,减少油脂摄入,已经逐渐成为中国人的共识。在这样的大背景下,益海嘉里金龙鱼主营业务增速的天花板可以说已经到来。除了所在行业缓慢的增速限制了益海嘉里金龙鱼的发展之外,这家巨头遇到的另一个限制来自盈利能力。关乎国计民生,粮油行业提价空间有限柴米油盐酱醋茶,人们要生存,最离不开的就是粮油产品。但是,这却是一个不赚钱的行业。和调味品、白酒不同的是,粮油产品是人们日常生活中最不可或缺的商品。从国家战略的层面上来看,为了维护粮食安全,国家也不允许粮油产品大幅、频繁提价。因此,上文提到的海天味业、贵州茅台可以通过经常提高产品售价来获得更高的毛利,但是金龙鱼不行。常年经营粮油产业的郭鹤年自然深知这一点。在其自传中,他提到:我母亲总是不厌其烦的和我说,大米、糖和所有主要商品都是人类生存不可或缺的食物,着我无论如何不能从中谋取暴利。日用品交易中,赚取1.5-2%的利润是合理的,2%以上就可以说开始向别人插刀子了。“ 永远不要成为推高主要粮食价格的罪魁祸首,因为穷人都是靠此为生。”郭鹤年更何况,中国的粮油价格在过去几年中,甚至出现了连续的下跌而非上涨。这进一步限制了益海嘉里金龙鱼在主要产品上的提价可能性。以零售包装食用油的价格为例,自2013至2019那年的7年时间中,这类油品的价格不断下降。粮油加工这个赛道,还有另外一个可能不招资本青睐的因素,就是受上游原料价格波动影响很大。2017年,该业务因原材料平均成本较高,毛利率和其他几年相比,明显降低:公司2017年厨房食品毛利率偏低,主要因为原材料平均成本较高。2017年初厨房食品的主要原材料中的油脂价格处于高位,公司春节提前备货的原材料采购价格较高,因此 2017 年公司厨房食品的平均成本较高,导致毛利率偏低。哪怕是在一个已经饱和的市场,提价空间非常狭窄、毛利还受到原料价格波动影响巨大的市场,郭鹤年的金龙鱼依然没有放弃。罗曼·罗兰说:世界上只有一种英雄主义,就是看清生活的真相之后依然热爱生活。对益海嘉里金龙鱼来说,我们也可以说:世界上有这样一种伟大企业,就是看清行业的清苦之后仍然努力奋斗。金龙鱼能突围吗?在这样一个苦逼的行业中奋斗了三十多年,益海嘉里金龙鱼会拿出什么新花样来吸引投资者么?其实,法宝就两个:进军高毛利领域,例如调味料和日化产品;卖毛利更高的粮油产品。2017年时,益海嘉里的日化品牌洁劲已经悄然上市,产品线涵盖洗衣皂、洗衣液和洗洁精,这延长了金龙鱼既有的油脂生产线。在此之前,公司一直都是宝洁、联合利华、立白等日化厂商的供应商。金龙鱼同样看到了调味品广阔的市场前景和较高的毛利率。五年前,金龙鱼和中国台湾丸庄食品合作,将丸庄酱油引入中国大陆,金龙鱼也称,未来将推出自己的调味品品牌。另一个提高毛利率的思路是,开发新的、毛利更高的粮油产品。例如,金龙鱼开发了橄榄油品牌欧丽薇兰,在人们消费观念急速转变、消费结构迅速升级的当下,在问世八年中,这一品牌已经成功占据了全国橄榄油市场的半壁江山。一方面,金龙鱼还在最近推出了稻米油,这一产品同样契合消费者对健康油品的需求。不过,这些高毛利业务对公司整体的营收贡献比例还不高。考虑到金龙鱼1707亿收入的巨大体量,要想对公司业务带来显著提升,这些新业务本身也需要做到相当规模,而且所在的赛道也需有足够的容量。未来,益海嘉里金龙鱼这头大象如何起舞,让我们拭目以待。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":514,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":977415304,"gmtCreate":1601685579108,"gmtModify":1703825121247,"author":{"id":"3559891356010432","authorId":"3559891356010432","name":"似水流年369","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3559891356010432","authorIdStr":"3559891356010432"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"终于确诊了?","listText":"终于确诊了?","text":"终于确诊了?","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/977415304","repostId":"1105932044","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1105932044","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1601614835,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1105932044?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2020-10-02 13:00","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"特朗普确诊新冠,美股期货、原油期货暴跌","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1105932044","media":"中国日报网","summary":"刚刚,美国总统特朗普发推特称,他和妻子新冠病毒检测呈阳性。 \n\n美股指期货闻讯短线下挫,三大股指期货均跌超1%。 标普500指数期货下跌1.22%,纳斯达克100指数期货下跌1.27%,道琼斯工业平均指数期货下跌1.29% 。\n\n\n\n布伦特和WTI原油期货下跌。美、布原油期货跌幅一度扩大至2%。\n\n\n\n富时中国A50指数期货跌超2%。\n\n\n\n另外,现货黄金迅速回升至1900美元/盎司上方,现货白银转涨,此前一度跌近1%。","content":"<div>\n<p>刚刚,美国总统特朗普发推特称,他和妻子新冠病毒检测呈阳性。 美股指期货闻讯短线下挫,三大股指期货均跌超1%。 标普500指数期货下跌1.22%,纳斯达克100指数期货下跌1.27%,道琼斯工业平均指数期货下跌1.29% 。布伦特和WTI原油期货下跌。美、布原油期货跌幅一度扩大至2%。富时中国A50指数期货跌超2%。另外,现货黄金迅速回升至1900美元/盎司上方,现货白银转涨,此前一度跌近...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.weibo.com/2127460165/Jnjtrx6Qu?from=page_1002062127460165_profile&wvr=6&mod=weibotime&type=comment\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n","source":"highlight_chinadaily","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" 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href=https://www.weibo.com/2127460165/Jnjtrx6Qu?from=page_1002062127460165_profile&wvr=6&mod=weibotime&type=comment><strong>中国日报网</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>刚刚,美国总统特朗普发推特称,他和妻子新冠病毒检测呈阳性。 美股指期货闻讯短线下挫,三大股指期货均跌超1%。 标普500指数期货下跌1.22%,纳斯达克100指数期货下跌1.27%,道琼斯工业平均指数期货下跌1.29% 。布伦特和WTI原油期货下跌。美、布原油期货跌幅一度扩大至2%。富时中国A50指数期货跌超2%。另外,现货黄金迅速回升至1900美元/盎司上方,现货白银转涨,此前一度跌近...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.weibo.com/2127460165/Jnjtrx6Qu?from=page_1002062127460165_profile&wvr=6&mod=weibotime&type=comment\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c21335c9fbf67353f7991d911935c983","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯",".SPX":"S&P 500 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董明珠一个人,可以认购3000万股,出资8.3亿,占比28%,参考第一点,这意味着,给了董明珠一个人8亿多的好处。 而其他的董监高,看起来一共拿了368万股,出资1亿,占比3%出头。 第三个,有“让领导先走”的意思。 接着第二点说,董明珠可以拿28%的股份,而这个员工持股计划,对于卖股票的条件是这样的: 这里面的关键,是员工在退休以前,这个股票是属于他的,但怎么处置,不由个人说了算,而是由工会说了算。 但是,董总如今已经67岁了,就算志向远大,退休也是看得见的事情了。 所以,这8亿,如果看得悲观点,可以看做是董总的“退休奖金”了。 第四个,员工持股计划设立了归属条件,见下图。 上面这个是公司业绩条件,个人考核条件见下图。 这两个条件,是相对宽松的,按照公司业绩要求,2022年,公司的净利润达到266亿,就算达标。 而这个数值,刚刚超过公司2018年的净利润,那一年是262亿。 还有,这里的口径,只是归母净利润,都没有扣非,说得阴暗点,想达到,是完全没问题的。 这意味着,公司付了30亿出去,让员工一起努力,把净利润做回到2018年的水平。 就算做不回去,也可以通过非经常性损益,把这个目标给达到了。 至于员工个人考核条件,国企的绩效考核,大多数都在B及以上,C和D的,几乎可以忽略不计。 以上这4条,我认为是这份文件中,最容易让人看到的","text":" 董总如今已经67岁了,就算志向远大,退休也是看得见的事情了。 来源 | villike的财务自由笔记 01 就在6月20日晚,格力出了公告:《第一期员工持股计划(草案)》。 先说不好的地方,有4个。 第一个,授予价格有点低,27.68元,卖给员工1.08亿股,一共大约30亿。 这个价格,大约是如今股价的一半,等于公司变相给员工,送了30亿。 第二个,分配有点“不公平”,见下图。 董明珠一个人,可以认购3000万股,出资8.3亿,占比28%,参考第一点,这意味着,给了董明珠一个人8亿多的好处。 而其他的董监高,看起来一共拿了368万股,出资1亿,占比3%出头。 第三个,有“让领导先走”的意思。 接着第二点说,董明珠可以拿28%的股份,而这个员工持股计划,对于卖股票的条件是这样的: 这里面的关键,是员工在退休以前,这个股票是属于他的,但怎么处置,不由个人说了算,而是由工会说了算。 但是,董总如今已经67岁了,就算志向远大,退休也是看得见的事情了。 所以,这8亿,如果看得悲观点,可以看做是董总的“退休奖金”了。 第四个,员工持股计划设立了归属条件,见下图。 上面这个是公司业绩条件,个人考核条件见下图。 这两个条件,是相对宽松的,按照公司业绩要求,2022年,公司的净利润达到266亿,就算达标。 而这个数值,刚刚超过公司2018年的净利润,那一年是262亿。 还有,这里的口径,只是归母净利润,都没有扣非,说得阴暗点,想达到,是完全没问题的。 这意味着,公司付了30亿出去,让员工一起努力,把净利润做回到2018年的水平。 就算做不回去,也可以通过非经常性损益,把这个目标给达到了。 至于员工个人考核条件,国企的绩效考核,大多数都在B及以上,C和D的,几乎可以忽略不计。 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