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春哥___

春哥___

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2020-07-10

$跟谁学(GSX)$苍井才空啊

2020-07-06

$跟谁学(GSX)$韭菜收割机，唉，没办法

2020-07-06

$跟谁学(GSX)$两天57拉到70，牛啊

2020-07-06

$跟谁学(GSX)$真不该玩中概股，真是没法玩

2020-07-02

$拼多多(PDD)$美国遗产税很高，所以很多大佬基本把所有的资产都捐出去，并不是他们高尚，而是现实如此，包括比尔盖茨也一样。至于目前拼多多的这个操作具体是好是坏，就让历史去评估吧，圈外人也无法评论…

2020-07-02

从商业上支持做这样的事，但是从人类共同命运体角度来说反人类，1. 你买这么多别人吃什么 2.没中间商赚差价，失业人数飙升 3. 市场监管怎么做 4.破坏商业原则

拼多多上8块钱10斤的洋葱怎么来的？

2020-07-01

$跟谁学(GSX)$一开始主力占比60%，诱空成功之后散户蜂蛹而上，现在主力占比20，唉，盘子小，没法玩呀

2020-07-01

$拼多多(PDD)$拼多多比瑞幸还恶劣，拼多多的研发成本比阿里的翻倍，靠补贴和下沉市场只是短时间解决了出口转内销的问题，本质上无法实现价值，对于商家而言简直就是厂家直销的割肉，根本无法维持资本的正循环，如果拼多多9.9元买车，9.9元买ipad能持久，与庞氏骗局类似的玩法无法持续，韭菜的钱也就贴的差不多了。

2020-06-30

$跟谁学(GSX)$主力占比40%，就是没得玩了

2020-06-26

$拼多多(PDD)$今天的成交量都体现在小单上，难道是逼空爆仓强行平仓与做空的交响曲？

2020-06-25

$拼多多(PDD)$别再涨了，我怕了

2020-06-25

$宜人金科(YRD)$中国公司争点气吧，一股股资本操作的恶臭味。倒霉的都是韭菜

2020-06-24

$拼多多(PDD)$庄稼控盘，韭菜旁边坐着看

2020-06-24

$拼多多(PDD)$交易平台的工具化门槛越来越低，订单量和交易额这种低等的衡量标准放在以前还可以，现在拼的应该是如何带来更多的价值，拼多多确实盘活了部分下沉市场，但这条路走不过淘宝，论质量拼不过京东，资源整合能力非阿里莫属。在国内要玩大，已经不像淘宝打enay那样的东西文化的神话色彩的战斗，论持久战和资金运作，拼多多过不久...

2020-06-24

$跟谁学(GSX)$都被录音了，如果不跌，对得起大家吗？

2020-06-24

$拼多多(PDD)$盘前都没人交易？考虑过黄铮的感受吗

2020-06-23

$拼多多(PDD)$主力还在做空吗？看样子不想让他掉下来，随时捧杀。

2020-06-22

$Histogenics Corporation(OCGN)$这个公司是如何从200美元到现在的0.2美元……

2020-06-22

微信最终还是下手了…我代表有赞表示极度难受

微信推小商店功能兑吧、中国有赞、微盟集团等股价集体重挫

2020-06-22

$跟谁学(GSX)$只能说游资很厉害，拼多多和跟谁学跌幅都一个模子刻出来的

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4.破坏商业原则","listText":"从商业上支持做这样的事，但是从人类共同命运体角度来说反人类，1.&nbsp;你买这么多别人吃什么 2.没中间商赚差价，失业人数飙升 3. 市场监管怎么做 4.破坏商业原则","text":"从商业上支持做这样的事，但是从人类共同命运体角度来说反人类，1. 你买这么多别人吃什么 2.没中间商赚差价，失业人数飙升 3. 市场监管怎么做 4.破坏商业原则","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/940314157","repostId":"2048913961","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2048913961","kind":"highlight","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"创业邦唯一官方微信，中国最权威的创业服务平台。旗下有创业邦杂志、创业邦网站、孵化器等服务。我们是中国最有影响力的创新创业产品展示活动 DEMO CHINA「创新中国」主办方。创业邦官网：www.cyzone.cn","home_visible":1,"media_name":"创业邦","id":"1034061404","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/39fa1eaed1f845a885c9e811a7ff05c2"},"pubTimestamp":1593679080,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2048913961?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2020-07-02 16:38","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"拼多多上8块钱10斤的洋葱怎么来的？","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2048913961","media":"创业邦","summary":"来源 | 大象公会文｜苗璇你有没有实现「菜场自由」？愿意买什么菜就买什么菜，听起来并不算难。不过，「买得起」不等于「舍得买」，不少人都经历过在菜场「动心——怎么这么贵？——最终放弃」的瞬间。那么，如果","content":"<html><body><div>\n<p><span>来源 | 大象公会</span></p><p><span>文｜苗璇</span></p><p><span>你有没有实现「菜场自由」？</span></p><p><span>愿意买什么菜就买什么菜，听起来并不算难。不过，「买得起」不等于「舍得买」，不少人都经历过在菜场「动心——怎么这么贵？——最终放弃」的瞬间。</span></p><p><span>那么，如果价格能便宜 70% 呢？比如，像下面这样：</span></p><p><span>一斤云南紫皮洋葱，在菜场卖 5 块，超市则还要贵 9 毛。</span><span>但在<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/PDD\">拼多多</a>的「爱心助农」平台里，5 斤精品紫皮洋葱仅售 4.5 元——</span><strong>平均每斤 9 毛，差价五倍不止</strong><span>。</span></p><p><span>拼多多的「价格密码」，在于降低洋葱销售的中间费用</span><span>：</span><span>只有收购、打包、物流三个环节，地头直连餐桌，「没有中间商赚差价」。</span><span>这个道理说起来简单，但却是许多商品价格居高不下的原因。</span></p><p><span>价格是如何形成的？作为经济学的关键因素之一，各个流派历来众说纷纭。</span></p><p><span>不过，无论是哪一派经济学家，都无法忽视一个问题：构成价格的因素，不只是商品生产的成本和利润而已。从生产到销售的中间过程，也会产生大量的费用。</span></p><p><span>你可以基于科斯的理论，把它理解为一种「交易成本」；也可以按照马克思主义经济学那样，把它算作「流通费用」。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2ffb1958a9784841ae82c22cd9cea9ae\"/></strong></p><p><span>运输、仓储，都是常见的流通环节</span></p><p><span>什么决定了流通费用的高低？简单来说，就是流通环节和每个环节的成本。环节越少，每个环节的费用越低，整体的流通费用就会越低。</span></p><p><span>不过，并不是环节越多，总体费用就必然越高。</span></p><p><span>这一点，在进口产品上体现的非常明显。中国是制造业大国，但是，许多「 made in China 」的外国品牌，在国内价格并不低。</span></p><p><span>根据《南方日报》2010 年的调查，一部在深圳组装、「中国制造」的 16G WIFI 版 iPad，在美国初上市的价格是 499 美元</span><span>（折合 3300 元人民币）</span><span>，一年后登陆中国大陆，报价却高达 3988 元，比一年前美国的新品价格还要高。</span></p><p><span>本地的流通环节明显比出口要少，但为什么居民反而享受不到廉价的消费品？</span></p><p><span>税费是一个很重要的因素。许多进口商品会面临高昂关税、增值税和消费税。多个税种累计之后，实际要缴的税可能达到一个惊人的数字。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6d85427201ba406c898998efef3d0c42\"/></strong></p><p><span>2010 年，海关规定游客个人携带 iPad 入境要征收 1000 元关税，舆论哗然</span></p><p><span>在税费之外，消费者还可能面对经销商各种巧立名目、防不胜防的「收费」项目。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/341c0466fb9b46a894a81396f8b16d7e\"/></p><p><span>西安奔驰车主在维权过程中，提到 4S 店收取了一笔只有收据、不提供发票的「金融服务费」</span></p><p><span>流通环节的中间费用过高，也是一个绕不开的话题。</span></p><p><span>中国物流成本占 GDP 的比重，从十年前的 18% 降到了 14%，但还是比世界平均水平高不少。</span></p><p><span>为什么会畸高？最根本的因素在于经济结构本身。2015 年，工信部部长苗圩曾表示，「在全球制造业的四级梯队中，中国处于第三梯队」。工业产品附加值偏低，是物流费用占 GDP 比重高的根本原因。</span></p><p><span>然而，中国物流费用占 GDP 比重不仅高于第一二梯队的美日，也高于同为第三梯队的巴西和印度。这个原因，可能就在物流业本身。基础设施不完善、标准不协调、空载率高、信息化水平低等，都是抬高物流费用的原因。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9750f42a48c44567b6bb46ebd4472d57\"/></p><p><span>中国物流成本占 GDP 的比重一直在下降，但仍高于美日等发达国家，也高于世界平均水平</span></p><p><span>抬高物流费用，另一个广受诟病的因素是过路费。目前公路运输占中国总货运量的 70%，而「跑长途」过程中的过路费，每一个卡车司机都无法避免。</span></p><p><span>对于货车运输企业，过路费可以占到总成本的 1/3。按照贝恩 2017 年的报告，过路费是汽车运输的最大成本，甚至高于不断上涨的燃油费。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/13be61bcf62143c593e7f5b0ea38348e\"/></p><p><span>运输过程中，还会产生各种意想不到的时间和金钱成本。</span></p><p><span>比如路桥收费新政策的影响：新政按车型、而非计重收费，而在实际运输过程中，相当多的卡车司机没法全程达到核载吨位。货变少了，但依然按照车型缴费，许多卡车司机表示金额明显上升，最多时能上涨三倍。</span></p><p><span>再比如运输过程中的种种细节：如果是公路铁路联合运输，就可能面临标准不一的问题。像食用油，铁路部门与公路部门对包装要求不一，从铁路转公路要经过重新腾挪分装，时间、费用成倍增加。</span></p><p><span>这些中间费用，都会反映在商品的最终价格里。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/05edb6aea4a84304b6809cfc7b31bc38\"/></p><p><span>疫情期间，高速公路免收费 79 天，交通部宣布在此期间共免收 1590 多亿元，被人吐槽「原来你收了这么多钱」</span></p><p><span>税费和物流之外，还有一个因素也会影响流通费用——那就是商品销售的商业模式。</span></p><p><span>对于<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000061\">农产品</a>来说，这一点的影响特别大。在中国，农产品 70% 以上依靠批发市场流通，先有代办去田间地头，将农民种植的作物收购起来卖到批发市场，再经过层层分销，最终到达居民区的商超和菜场。</span></p><p><span>这符合现实国情：一方面，农户规模小，经营分散；另一方面，城市社区居住集中，人口密度高，需求量大且多样。多级的营销模式，让农民有地方卖菜，城市居民多样化的需求也能得到及时满足。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/91d8a3d682df4c7b8d2fe927d371fb7d\"/></strong></p><p><span>因疫情而休市的新发地，是中国规模最大的农产品批发市场，交易量、交易额连续十二年双居全国农批市场第一</span></p><p><span>但这种模式的问题也不可避免：不仅有多次运输、装卸搬运和包装引发的大量物流支出，还有摊位费、中介费、人工费等许多其他杂费，极大增加了流通费用。统计数据显示，中国蔬菜类农产品流通成本占售价的 50% 到 60% ，甚至更高。</span></p><p><span>这些成本，会切实反应在商品价格上。以国产乳制品为例，不仅要经过一级批发和二、三级分销环节，为了争取货架上的好位置，还得向商超交一笔不低的进场费。据一些企业测算，国产乳制品流通成本占总成本的比例超过 50%。</span></p><p><span>相比较而言，一些进口奶的一级代理商直通门店、甚至从原产地直接进货，因为压缩了中间环节，反而更有价格优势。</span></p><p><span>前面提到的洋葱，也是一个很好的例子。一袋洋葱在产地蒙自的收购价差不多 30 元，平均一斤 0.5 元。但到广州市区的超市和菜场，就能卖 5 到 6 块。</span></p><p><span>这是因为，洋葱流通的传统模式环节众多，每层都要「加码」。代办要加收购费，从大批发商到小零售商，每一层都有有分拣、物流、包装等费用，还要计算档口租金和每一层的损耗。</span></p><p><span><span>这些花销都被折合到了洋葱最后的销售价格中。</span></span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/de88bbe4b0b54a3d9ef685412c258066\"/></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8afd31251ae043968752d0e08fcd193f\"/></p><p><span>洋葱从蒙自到广州，流通费用包括 2元/袋的代办费和分拣费、240元/吨的物流费（240元/吨）、10元/吨的搬运费、20000块/月的档口租金、2000元/月的水电费，另外还有损耗和人工</span></p><p><span>而拼多多的电商直营模式，打破了这层层分销的限制。洋葱收购后，只有分拣包装和快递两个中间步骤，分拣包装成本每斤 0.4 元，快递费每斤 0.6 元。其他成本和损耗，一概不存在。</span></p><p><span>基本上就是「地头直联餐桌」。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b1ab27f666ed42ddb089a25a3b2e6770\"/></p><p><span>产品的分拣和包装，也是一道质检手续，保证了拼多多洋葱的品质。而分拣、打包等工作，主要雇佣当地人来完成，为本地提供了许多工作岗位。4000 元左右的月薪，对当地农民来说是一笔丰厚的收入。</span></p><p><span>省下的，是多次转运、重新分装等带来的费用「冗余」。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1c9454baa88d43f69a1c9eb238c6ccc9\"/></p><p><span>在蒙自，拼多多带来的全新电商模式正推广到越来越多的农产品上。蒙自有着得天独厚的地理条件，日照时间长，诞生了石榴、枇杷、小黄姜、紫皮洋葱、番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、蓝莓等多种优质农产品，一年四季瓜果飘香。</span></p><p><span>产品虽好，却不一定能成功地推广出去。根据蒙自当地政府人员的介绍，农产品上行客单价低，利润薄，有时快递价格比产品还贵。</span></p><p><span>如今，在互联网平台的助推下，蒙自农产品的销售规模越来越大，物流成本随之下降，以往要转运昆明的农产品，现在越来越多商家选择产地直发，商品更新鲜、损耗也降低了。</span></p><p><span>而且，一些农产品能通过拼多多推广到全国，销路更广，销量也大为增加。</span></p><p><span>这种农产品上行的方法，已经慢慢形成了政府、商家和平台通力合作的「蒙自模式」。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d9bf71b5cd024bfe9ba9bc773ac8df02\"/></strong></p><p><span><span>2018 年，拼多多推出优质特价活动，原本低价也不好卖的小黄姜不到 24 小时卖出了近 2.5 万单，总重量超过 15 万斤</span></span></p><p><span>这种蒙自模式，看似细节多多。但有一个规律万变不离其宗：</span></p><p><span>顾客得利、平台获益、惠及农民。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b1058e939ff7401db280e92a3d903535\"/></p><h3></h3><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f073de690ccd49d9a58d638ce36ea9d8\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong><span>MORE | 更多精彩文章</span></strong></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" 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margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n拼多多上8块钱10斤的洋葱怎么来的？\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1034061404\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/39fa1eaed1f845a885c9e811a7ff05c2);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">创业邦 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2020-07-02 16:38</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><body><div>\n<p><span>来源 | 大象公会</span></p><p><span>文｜苗璇</span></p><p><span>你有没有实现「菜场自由」？</span></p><p><span>愿意买什么菜就买什么菜，听起来并不算难。不过，「买得起」不等于「舍得买」，不少人都经历过在菜场「动心——怎么这么贵？——最终放弃」的瞬间。</span></p><p><span>那么，如果价格能便宜 70% 呢？比如，像下面这样：</span></p><p><span>一斤云南紫皮洋葱，在菜场卖 5 块，超市则还要贵 9 毛。</span><span>但在<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/PDD\">拼多多</a>的「爱心助农」平台里，5 斤精品紫皮洋葱仅售 4.5 元——</span><strong>平均每斤 9 毛，差价五倍不止</strong><span>。</span></p><p><span>拼多多的「价格密码」，在于降低洋葱销售的中间费用</span><span>：</span><span>只有收购、打包、物流三个环节，地头直连餐桌，「没有中间商赚差价」。</span><span>这个道理说起来简单，但却是许多商品价格居高不下的原因。</span></p><p><span>价格是如何形成的？作为经济学的关键因素之一，各个流派历来众说纷纭。</span></p><p><span>不过，无论是哪一派经济学家，都无法忽视一个问题：构成价格的因素，不只是商品生产的成本和利润而已。从生产到销售的中间过程，也会产生大量的费用。</span></p><p><span>你可以基于科斯的理论，把它理解为一种「交易成本」；也可以按照马克思主义经济学那样，把它算作「流通费用」。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2ffb1958a9784841ae82c22cd9cea9ae\"/></strong></p><p><span>运输、仓储，都是常见的流通环节</span></p><p><span>什么决定了流通费用的高低？简单来说，就是流通环节和每个环节的成本。环节越少，每个环节的费用越低，整体的流通费用就会越低。</span></p><p><span>不过，并不是环节越多，总体费用就必然越高。</span></p><p><span>这一点，在进口产品上体现的非常明显。中国是制造业大国，但是，许多「 made in China 」的外国品牌，在国内价格并不低。</span></p><p><span>根据《南方日报》2010 年的调查，一部在深圳组装、「中国制造」的 16G WIFI 版 iPad，在美国初上市的价格是 499 美元</span><span>（折合 3300 元人民币）</span><span>，一年后登陆中国大陆，报价却高达 3988 元，比一年前美国的新品价格还要高。</span></p><p><span>本地的流通环节明显比出口要少，但为什么居民反而享受不到廉价的消费品？</span></p><p><span>税费是一个很重要的因素。许多进口商品会面临高昂关税、增值税和消费税。多个税种累计之后，实际要缴的税可能达到一个惊人的数字。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6d85427201ba406c898998efef3d0c42\"/></strong></p><p><span>2010 年，海关规定游客个人携带 iPad 入境要征收 1000 元关税，舆论哗然</span></p><p><span>在税费之外，消费者还可能面对经销商各种巧立名目、防不胜防的「收费」项目。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/341c0466fb9b46a894a81396f8b16d7e\"/></p><p><span>西安奔驰车主在维权过程中，提到 4S 店收取了一笔只有收据、不提供发票的「金融服务费」</span></p><p><span>流通环节的中间费用过高，也是一个绕不开的话题。</span></p><p><span>中国物流成本占 GDP 的比重，从十年前的 18% 降到了 14%，但还是比世界平均水平高不少。</span></p><p><span>为什么会畸高？最根本的因素在于经济结构本身。2015 年，工信部部长苗圩曾表示，「在全球制造业的四级梯队中，中国处于第三梯队」。工业产品附加值偏低，是物流费用占 GDP 比重高的根本原因。</span></p><p><span>然而，中国物流费用占 GDP 比重不仅高于第一二梯队的美日，也高于同为第三梯队的巴西和印度。这个原因，可能就在物流业本身。基础设施不完善、标准不协调、空载率高、信息化水平低等，都是抬高物流费用的原因。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9750f42a48c44567b6bb46ebd4472d57\"/></p><p><span>中国物流成本占 GDP 的比重一直在下降，但仍高于美日等发达国家，也高于世界平均水平</span></p><p><span>抬高物流费用，另一个广受诟病的因素是过路费。目前公路运输占中国总货运量的 70%，而「跑长途」过程中的过路费，每一个卡车司机都无法避免。</span></p><p><span>对于货车运输企业，过路费可以占到总成本的 1/3。按照贝恩 2017 年的报告，过路费是汽车运输的最大成本，甚至高于不断上涨的燃油费。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/13be61bcf62143c593e7f5b0ea38348e\"/></p><p><span>运输过程中，还会产生各种意想不到的时间和金钱成本。</span></p><p><span>比如路桥收费新政策的影响：新政按车型、而非计重收费，而在实际运输过程中，相当多的卡车司机没法全程达到核载吨位。货变少了，但依然按照车型缴费，许多卡车司机表示金额明显上升，最多时能上涨三倍。</span></p><p><span>再比如运输过程中的种种细节：如果是公路铁路联合运输，就可能面临标准不一的问题。像食用油，铁路部门与公路部门对包装要求不一，从铁路转公路要经过重新腾挪分装，时间、费用成倍增加。</span></p><p><span>这些中间费用，都会反映在商品的最终价格里。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/05edb6aea4a84304b6809cfc7b31bc38\"/></p><p><span>疫情期间，高速公路免收费 79 天，交通部宣布在此期间共免收 1590 多亿元，被人吐槽「原来你收了这么多钱」</span></p><p><span>税费和物流之外，还有一个因素也会影响流通费用——那就是商品销售的商业模式。</span></p><p><span>对于<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000061\">农产品</a>来说，这一点的影响特别大。在中国，农产品 70% 以上依靠批发市场流通，先有代办去田间地头，将农民种植的作物收购起来卖到批发市场，再经过层层分销，最终到达居民区的商超和菜场。</span></p><p><span>这符合现实国情：一方面，农户规模小，经营分散；另一方面，城市社区居住集中，人口密度高，需求量大且多样。多级的营销模式，让农民有地方卖菜，城市居民多样化的需求也能得到及时满足。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/91d8a3d682df4c7b8d2fe927d371fb7d\"/></strong></p><p><span>因疫情而休市的新发地，是中国规模最大的农产品批发市场，交易量、交易额连续十二年双居全国农批市场第一</span></p><p><span>但这种模式的问题也不可避免：不仅有多次运输、装卸搬运和包装引发的大量物流支出，还有摊位费、中介费、人工费等许多其他杂费，极大增加了流通费用。统计数据显示，中国蔬菜类农产品流通成本占售价的 50% 到 60% ，甚至更高。</span></p><p><span>这些成本，会切实反应在商品价格上。以国产乳制品为例，不仅要经过一级批发和二、三级分销环节，为了争取货架上的好位置，还得向商超交一笔不低的进场费。据一些企业测算，国产乳制品流通成本占总成本的比例超过 50%。</span></p><p><span>相比较而言，一些进口奶的一级代理商直通门店、甚至从原产地直接进货，因为压缩了中间环节，反而更有价格优势。</span></p><p><span>前面提到的洋葱，也是一个很好的例子。一袋洋葱在产地蒙自的收购价差不多 30 元，平均一斤 0.5 元。但到广州市区的超市和菜场，就能卖 5 到 6 块。</span></p><p><span>这是因为，洋葱流通的传统模式环节众多，每层都要「加码」。代办要加收购费，从大批发商到小零售商，每一层都有有分拣、物流、包装等费用，还要计算档口租金和每一层的损耗。</span></p><p><span><span>这些花销都被折合到了洋葱最后的销售价格中。</span></span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/de88bbe4b0b54a3d9ef685412c258066\"/></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8afd31251ae043968752d0e08fcd193f\"/></p><p><span>洋葱从蒙自到广州，流通费用包括 2元/袋的代办费和分拣费、240元/吨的物流费（240元/吨）、10元/吨的搬运费、20000块/月的档口租金、2000元/月的水电费，另外还有损耗和人工</span></p><p><span>而拼多多的电商直营模式，打破了这层层分销的限制。洋葱收购后，只有分拣包装和快递两个中间步骤，分拣包装成本每斤 0.4 元，快递费每斤 0.6 元。其他成本和损耗，一概不存在。</span></p><p><span>基本上就是「地头直联餐桌」。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b1ab27f666ed42ddb089a25a3b2e6770\"/></p><p><span>产品的分拣和包装，也是一道质检手续，保证了拼多多洋葱的品质。而分拣、打包等工作，主要雇佣当地人来完成，为本地提供了许多工作岗位。4000 元左右的月薪，对当地农民来说是一笔丰厚的收入。</span></p><p><span>省下的，是多次转运、重新分装等带来的费用「冗余」。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1c9454baa88d43f69a1c9eb238c6ccc9\"/></p><p><span>在蒙自，拼多多带来的全新电商模式正推广到越来越多的农产品上。蒙自有着得天独厚的地理条件，日照时间长，诞生了石榴、枇杷、小黄姜、紫皮洋葱、番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、蓝莓等多种优质农产品，一年四季瓜果飘香。</span></p><p><span>产品虽好，却不一定能成功地推广出去。根据蒙自当地政府人员的介绍，农产品上行客单价低，利润薄，有时快递价格比产品还贵。</span></p><p><span>如今，在互联网平台的助推下，蒙自农产品的销售规模越来越大，物流成本随之下降，以往要转运昆明的农产品，现在越来越多商家选择产地直发，商品更新鲜、损耗也降低了。</span></p><p><span>而且，一些农产品能通过拼多多推广到全国，销路更广，销量也大为增加。</span></p><p><span>这种农产品上行的方法，已经慢慢形成了政府、商家和平台通力合作的「蒙自模式」。</span></p><p><strong><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d9bf71b5cd024bfe9ba9bc773ac8df02\"/></strong></p><p><span><span>2018 年，拼多多推出优质特价活动，原本低价也不好卖的小黄姜不到 24 小时卖出了近 2.5 万单，总重量超过 15 万斤</span></span></p><p><span>这种蒙自模式，看似细节多多。但有一个规律万变不离其宗：</span></p><p><span>顾客得利、平台获益、惠及农民。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b1058e939ff7401db280e92a3d903535\"/></p><h3></h3><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f073de690ccd49d9a58d638ce36ea9d8\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong><span>MORE | 更多精彩文章</span></strong></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" justify=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><strong><span>●</span></strong><strong><span>大反转内幕！为游戏礼包，三人伪造老干妈公章骗取<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">腾讯</a>合作，“老千妈”真的存在？</span></strong></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" justify=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><strong><strong>●</strong> 每台造价上百万，直播首秀却严重“翻车”！滴滴自动驾驶，一个新的烧钱游戏 | 撩车</strong></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" justify=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong>●</strong><strong>三年千家教育机构，淘宝进军教育领域如何实现一亿新生计划？</strong></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" justify=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong><span>●</span></strong><strong><span> </span></strong><strong><span>每台造价上百万，直播首秀却严重“翻车”！滴滴自动驾驶，一个新的烧钱游戏 | 撩车</span></strong></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" justify=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong><strong>●</strong> 国产芯片巨头20年沉浮堪比虐心剧，A股上市能否借机翻盘成为下一个<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">台积电</a>?</strong></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" center=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" no-repeat=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/99f3b06917c943fea69d38bff22c5665\" ui=\"\" visible=\"\" yahei=\"\"/></p>\n</div></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9ad0916074d4fd8a0d19716314c632dc","relate_stocks":{"PDD":"拼多多"},"source_url":"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5OTAzMjc4MA==&mid=2650126892&idx=2&sn=d581c31cc90be2b205e0e331a55c666a&chksm=bec0b88f89b7319990137ed5e482255f71dab715c0044f430e25be43872b216be88e5c1efe63&scene=0#rd","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/ecd74548980bc5b366aa8f4b37ed0bd5","article_id":"2048913961","content_text":"来源 | 大象公会文｜苗璇你有没有实现「菜场自由」？愿意买什么菜就买什么菜，听起来并不算难。不过，「买得起」不等于「舍得买」，不少人都经历过在菜场「动心——怎么这么贵？——最终放弃」的瞬间。那么，如果价格能便宜 70% 呢？比如，像下面这样：一斤云南紫皮洋葱，在菜场卖 5 块，超市则还要贵 9 毛。但在拼多多的「爱心助农」平台里，5 斤精品紫皮洋葱仅售 4.5 元——平均每斤 9 毛，差价五倍不止。拼多多的「价格密码」，在于降低洋葱销售的中间费用：只有收购、打包、物流三个环节，地头直连餐桌，「没有中间商赚差价」。这个道理说起来简单，但却是许多商品价格居高不下的原因。价格是如何形成的？作为经济学的关键因素之一，各个流派历来众说纷纭。不过，无论是哪一派经济学家，都无法忽视一个问题：构成价格的因素，不只是商品生产的成本和利润而已。从生产到销售的中间过程，也会产生大量的费用。你可以基于科斯的理论，把它理解为一种「交易成本」；也可以按照马克思主义经济学那样，把它算作「流通费用」。运输、仓储，都是常见的流通环节什么决定了流通费用的高低？简单来说，就是流通环节和每个环节的成本。环节越少，每个环节的费用越低，整体的流通费用就会越低。不过，并不是环节越多，总体费用就必然越高。这一点，在进口产品上体现的非常明显。中国是制造业大国，但是，许多「 made in China 」的外国品牌，在国内价格并不低。根据《南方日报》2010 年的调查，一部在深圳组装、「中国制造」的 16G WIFI 版 iPad，在美国初上市的价格是 499 美元（折合 3300 元人民币），一年后登陆中国大陆，报价却高达 3988 元，比一年前美国的新品价格还要高。本地的流通环节明显比出口要少，但为什么居民反而享受不到廉价的消费品？税费是一个很重要的因素。许多进口商品会面临高昂关税、增值税和消费税。多个税种累计之后，实际要缴的税可能达到一个惊人的数字。2010 年，海关规定游客个人携带 iPad 入境要征收 1000 元关税，舆论哗然在税费之外，消费者还可能面对经销商各种巧立名目、防不胜防的「收费」项目。西安奔驰车主在维权过程中，提到 4S 店收取了一笔只有收据、不提供发票的「金融服务费」流通环节的中间费用过高，也是一个绕不开的话题。中国物流成本占 GDP 的比重，从十年前的 18% 降到了 14%，但还是比世界平均水平高不少。为什么会畸高？最根本的因素在于经济结构本身。2015 年，工信部部长苗圩曾表示，「在全球制造业的四级梯队中，中国处于第三梯队」。工业产品附加值偏低，是物流费用占 GDP 比重高的根本原因。然而，中国物流费用占 GDP 比重不仅高于第一二梯队的美日，也高于同为第三梯队的巴西和印度。这个原因，可能就在物流业本身。基础设施不完善、标准不协调、空载率高、信息化水平低等，都是抬高物流费用的原因。中国物流成本占 GDP 的比重一直在下降，但仍高于美日等发达国家，也高于世界平均水平抬高物流费用，另一个广受诟病的因素是过路费。目前公路运输占中国总货运量的 70%，而「跑长途」过程中的过路费，每一个卡车司机都无法避免。对于货车运输企业，过路费可以占到总成本的 1/3。按照贝恩 2017 年的报告，过路费是汽车运输的最大成本，甚至高于不断上涨的燃油费。运输过程中，还会产生各种意想不到的时间和金钱成本。比如路桥收费新政策的影响：新政按车型、而非计重收费，而在实际运输过程中，相当多的卡车司机没法全程达到核载吨位。货变少了，但依然按照车型缴费，许多卡车司机表示金额明显上升，最多时能上涨三倍。再比如运输过程中的种种细节：如果是公路铁路联合运输，就可能面临标准不一的问题。像食用油，铁路部门与公路部门对包装要求不一，从铁路转公路要经过重新腾挪分装，时间、费用成倍增加。这些中间费用，都会反映在商品的最终价格里。疫情期间，高速公路免收费 79 天，交通部宣布在此期间共免收 1590 多亿元，被人吐槽「原来你收了这么多钱」税费和物流之外，还有一个因素也会影响流通费用——那就是商品销售的商业模式。对于农产品来说，这一点的影响特别大。在中国，农产品 70% 以上依靠批发市场流通，先有代办去田间地头，将农民种植的作物收购起来卖到批发市场，再经过层层分销，最终到达居民区的商超和菜场。这符合现实国情：一方面，农户规模小，经营分散；另一方面，城市社区居住集中，人口密度高，需求量大且多样。多级的营销模式，让农民有地方卖菜，城市居民多样化的需求也能得到及时满足。因疫情而休市的新发地，是中国规模最大的农产品批发市场，交易量、交易额连续十二年双居全国农批市场第一但这种模式的问题也不可避免：不仅有多次运输、装卸搬运和包装引发的大量物流支出，还有摊位费、中介费、人工费等许多其他杂费，极大增加了流通费用。统计数据显示，中国蔬菜类农产品流通成本占售价的 50% 到 60% ，甚至更高。这些成本，会切实反应在商品价格上。以国产乳制品为例，不仅要经过一级批发和二、三级分销环节，为了争取货架上的好位置，还得向商超交一笔不低的进场费。据一些企业测算，国产乳制品流通成本占总成本的比例超过 50%。相比较而言，一些进口奶的一级代理商直通门店、甚至从原产地直接进货，因为压缩了中间环节，反而更有价格优势。前面提到的洋葱，也是一个很好的例子。一袋洋葱在产地蒙自的收购价差不多 30 元，平均一斤 0.5 元。但到广州市区的超市和菜场，就能卖 5 到 6 块。这是因为，洋葱流通的传统模式环节众多，每层都要「加码」。代办要加收购费，从大批发商到小零售商，每一层都有有分拣、物流、包装等费用，还要计算档口租金和每一层的损耗。这些花销都被折合到了洋葱最后的销售价格中。洋葱从蒙自到广州，流通费用包括 2元/袋的代办费和分拣费、240元/吨的物流费（240元/吨）、10元/吨的搬运费、20000块/月的档口租金、2000元/月的水电费，另外还有损耗和人工而拼多多的电商直营模式，打破了这层层分销的限制。洋葱收购后，只有分拣包装和快递两个中间步骤，分拣包装成本每斤 0.4 元，快递费每斤 0.6 元。其他成本和损耗，一概不存在。基本上就是「地头直联餐桌」。产品的分拣和包装，也是一道质检手续，保证了拼多多洋葱的品质。而分拣、打包等工作，主要雇佣当地人来完成，为本地提供了许多工作岗位。4000 元左右的月薪，对当地农民来说是一笔丰厚的收入。省下的，是多次转运、重新分装等带来的费用「冗余」。在蒙自，拼多多带来的全新电商模式正推广到越来越多的农产品上。蒙自有着得天独厚的地理条件，日照时间长，诞生了石榴、枇杷、小黄姜、紫皮洋葱、番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、蓝莓等多种优质农产品，一年四季瓜果飘香。产品虽好，却不一定能成功地推广出去。根据蒙自当地政府人员的介绍，农产品上行客单价低，利润薄，有时快递价格比产品还贵。如今，在互联网平台的助推下，蒙自农产品的销售规模越来越大，物流成本随之下降，以往要转运昆明的农产品，现在越来越多商家选择产地直发，商品更新鲜、损耗也降低了。而且，一些农产品能通过拼多多推广到全国，销路更广，销量也大为增加。这种农产品上行的方法，已经慢慢形成了政府、商家和平台通力合作的「蒙自模式」。2018 年，拼多多推出优质特价活动，原本低价也不好卖的小黄姜不到 24 小时卖出了近 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