yellowtimes的个人主页 - 老虎社区

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0勋章

2024-08-28

$PDD Holdings Inc(PDD)$ rush

2024-08-27

$PDD Holdings Inc(PDD)$ the end

2024-03-29

$PDD Holdings Inc(PDD)$ 听说高管都开始卖了

2024-03-22

$PDD Holdings Inc(PDD)$ run quick ly

2024-03-17

不死一个不拉到啊

涨薪5.28%！日本央行敢不敢加息？

2024-03-16

美联储难得不行不行的了。

“抢跑”美联储，市场又一次败了

2022-03-16

$爱奇艺(IQ)$这家公司加班很严重啊

2022-03-08

请问如何能涨一波？

2021-12-06

$爱奇艺(IQ)$5块钱

2021-12-01

深蹲？咋了？

抱歉，原内容已删除

2021-11-19

$GLOBALFOUNDRIES Inc.(GFS)$good

2021-11-17

$爱奇艺(IQ)$高层干啥呢

2021-11-09

$爱奇艺(IQ)$可以抛了

2021-11-08

$爱奇艺(IQ)$九块就全卖了

2021-10-31

能空不？

抱歉，原内容已删除

2021-10-18

$高途(GOTU)$猜涨跌

2021-08-06

快手正能量

抱歉，原内容已删除

2021-05-17

联通在哪里？

抱歉，原内容已删除

2021-04-27

弄死他就完了呗，啥时候这么扭扭捏捏的了

抱歉，原内容已删除

2021-04-22

走不出去的人好酸啊

抱歉，原内容已删除

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14:12","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"涨薪5.28%！日本央行敢不敢加息？","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2419169437","media":"金十数据","summary":"日本“春斗”首轮结果出炉，涨薪5.28%，为30多年来最大涨幅，远超去年3.8%的幅度，日本央行真的会结束负利率了吗？","content":"<html><head></head><body><blockquote><p>日本“春斗”首轮结果出炉，涨薪5.28%，为30多年来最大涨幅，远超去年3.8%的幅度，日本央行真的会结束负利率了吗？</p></blockquote><p>日本“春斗”首轮结果出炉，涨薪5.28%！虽然低于工会要求的5.85%，但仍是自1991年（5.66%）后33年来的最高值，也远超去年3.8%的幅度。日本央行一直担忧薪资-物价无法螺旋式上涨的话，结束通缩时间未成熟，加息时间未到。但是，<strong>此次加薪幅度远超去年，日媒也疯狂出来打预防针，日本央行真的会结束负利率了吗？</strong></p><p>媒体放风后，市场还是在“三月息变”和“四月再议”之间摇摆不定。三月加还是不加？</p><blockquote><p><strong>A. 加息。</strong></p><p><strong>B. 不加。</strong></p></blockquote><p><strong>欢迎评论区留言，日本央行利率决议后，将随机抽取一位答中的幸运用户，赠送一个月的精英会员体验券！</strong></p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1a467f66a701cd8b2f5bc081b95cd623\" tg-width=\"1792\" tg-height=\"1024\"/></p><p>关于日本央行3月的利率决议，日媒已经率先放风，从这些报道中，可以看出一些渐进式变化：</p><p>据悉日本央行内部对3月结束负利率的<strong>支持加强——</strong>知情人士称日本央行<strong>考虑3月加息——</strong>消息人士称日本央行<strong>加息步伐将缓慢</strong>，避免损害经济——日本央行将<strong>讨论退出</strong>负利率政策——日本央行<strong>正在安排下周加息</strong>，关注周五薪资谈判的初步结果——<strong>日本央行正在做出最后安排，准备在下周的政策制定会议上结束负利率政策——</strong>日本央行下周势在必行，<strong>将把利率上调至0%—0.1%区间 。</strong></p><blockquote><p><strong>日媒是怎么一步步道出日本央行的心态变化的？</strong></p></blockquote><p>3月12日是“据悉日本央行内部对3月结束负利率的支持加强”，也就是说，<strong>有官员开始改变自己的观点</strong>。随后消息人士爆出日本央行考虑加息。<strong>从支持力度变大到开始考虑，</strong>加息意愿开始发酵。同日，消息人士再称，日本央行加息步伐将缓慢，避免损害经济。即日本央行已经在<strong>考虑“要怎么加息”而不是“要不要加息了”</strong>，有种加息势在必行的意味。</p><p>13日，“春斗”中大企业集中公布涨薪幅度，多数都创30年来新高，14日凌晨日经新闻深夜再次出来<strong>强化预期</strong>，说日本央行下周会讨论退出负利率，日元小幅走高了20点。14日“春斗”首轮谈判结果出炉前一日，日本时事通讯社报道称，日本央行在“安排下周加息”，日元短线拉升了50点，<strong>从讨论加息到安排加息</strong>，又又进了一步，看来是已公布的涨薪幅度让其很满意了。</p><p>15日<strong>薪资涨幅出结果后，加息最后一块拼图合上，</strong>日媒爆料日本央行<strong>为加息做最后安排了。</strong>16日凌晨，日媒称日本央行下周<strong>将把利率上调至0%-0.1%区间 ，</strong>以<strong>几乎肯定的口吻</strong>爆出日本央行的具体加息目标。</p><p>这样子的一番循序渐进引导把3月加息的期待值抬得很高，怪不得美银也从预期4月加息转向3月了。<strong>不过，加息时间早则三月，晚则四月，市场仍然看法不一。</strong></p><blockquote><p>野村证券策略师Naka Matsuzawa认为，日本央行本次将全面改变其政策框架。</p></blockquote><p>包含五方面：1)将政策利率目标从-0.10%上调至0-0.10%；2)取消收益率曲线控制，同时取消10年期国债收益率目标；3)暂停ETF购买； 4) 推迟继续增加货币基础的承诺；5)引入新的量化目标(从每月购买6万亿日元日本国债开始)。最后两点合在一起意味着日本央行将很快开始量化紧缩。</p><p>如果本次日本央行真的加息，市场会有什么反应？Matsuzawa认为，<strong>市场的直接反应应该是温和的，</strong>因为日本央行与市场就下一步正常化的行动进行了良好的沟通。话虽如此，市场尚未消化日本央行将以多快的速度缩减日本国债购买规模，这可能导致日元走高、日本国债收益率上升和股价下跌。投资者对股票的偏好也将从出口类股转向内需驱动型股。</p><p>也有观点认为日本央行的脚步不会那么快。</p><blockquote><p>日本道富<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/B73.SI\">环球投资</a>顾问首席投资官Kensuke Niihara认为，日本央行一直在建设性地引导市场应对即将到来的政策变化，我们一直预计政策变化将于4月份开始。</p></blockquote><p>但是，30多年来最高的涨薪幅度得到了大企业的认可。再加上日本央行对潜在通胀的评估，这些事态发展大大<strong>提高了3月份采取政策行动的可能性</strong>。我们预计，到今年年底，政策利率将走出负增长区间，达到0.10%。</p><p><strong>道富环球的评估显示，日元被严重低估，我们长期看多日元。</strong>美联储和日本央行在政策方向上可能出现的分歧，将支持日元走强。然而，我们认为日本央行在退出负利率政策后将维持宽松的货币政策，因此我们预计对包括日元在内的市场的影响将是有限的。</p><p>如果美联储进入一个稳定的超过100-150个基点的降息周期，或者日本工资上涨、经济增长强劲到足以支持日本央行多次加息，日元可能会有意义地升值。</p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b2553f02ec2534f043c634fbec57aa45\" tg-width=\"1556\" tg-height=\"702\"/></p><p>最后回顾一下，日本央行自2016年1月29日引入负利率政策，将商业银行存放在日本央行的超额准备金存款利率从之前的0.1%降至-0.1%。自此，日本进入“负利率”时代，并持续至今。如果日本央行本次真的宣布加息，是<strong>长达17年来首次上调利率，全球始于的21世纪10年代的负利率时代也将画上句号</strong>。</p></body></html>","source":"xnew_highlight","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>涨薪5.28%！日本央行敢不敢加息？</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ 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margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n涨薪5.28%！日本央行敢不敢加息？\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2024-03-16 14:12 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://xnews.jin10.com/webapp/details.html?id=134304&type=news&data_type=0><strong>金十数据</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>日本“春斗”首轮结果出炉，涨薪5.28%，为30多年来最大涨幅，远超去年3.8%的幅度，日本央行真的会结束负利率了吗？日本“春斗”首轮结果出炉，涨薪5.28%！虽然低于工会要求的5.85%，但仍是自1991年（5.66%）后33年来的最高值，也远超去年3.8%的幅度。日本央行一直担忧薪资-物价无法螺旋式上涨的话，结束通缩时间未成熟，加息时间未到。但是，此次加薪幅度远超去年，日媒也疯狂出来打预防针，...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://xnews.jin10.com/webapp/details.html?id=134304&type=news&data_type=0\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7f3e58ed98c4dddad279d0d2da1f5467","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://xnews.jin10.com/webapp/details.html?id=134304&type=news&data_type=0","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2419169437","content_text":"日本“春斗”首轮结果出炉，涨薪5.28%，为30多年来最大涨幅，远超去年3.8%的幅度，日本央行真的会结束负利率了吗？日本“春斗”首轮结果出炉，涨薪5.28%！虽然低于工会要求的5.85%，但仍是自1991年（5.66%）后33年来的最高值，也远超去年3.8%的幅度。日本央行一直担忧薪资-物价无法螺旋式上涨的话，结束通缩时间未成熟，加息时间未到。但是，此次加薪幅度远超去年，日媒也疯狂出来打预防针，日本央行真的会结束负利率了吗？媒体放风后，市场还是在“三月息变”和“四月再议”之间摇摆不定。三月加还是不加？A. 加息。B. 不加。欢迎评论区留言，日本央行利率决议后，将随机抽取一位答中的幸运用户，赠送一个月的精英会员体验券！关于日本央行3月的利率决议，日媒已经率先放风，从这些报道中，可以看出一些渐进式变化：据悉日本央行内部对3月结束负利率的支持加强——知情人士称日本央行考虑3月加息——消息人士称日本央行加息步伐将缓慢，避免损害经济——日本央行将讨论退出负利率政策——日本央行正在安排下周加息，关注周五薪资谈判的初步结果——日本央行正在做出最后安排，准备在下周的政策制定会议上结束负利率政策——日本央行下周势在必行，将把利率上调至0%—0.1%区间 。日媒是怎么一步步道出日本央行的心态变化的？3月12日是“据悉日本央行内部对3月结束负利率的支持加强”，也就是说，有官员开始改变自己的观点。随后消息人士爆出日本央行考虑加息。从支持力度变大到开始考虑，加息意愿开始发酵。同日，消息人士再称，日本央行加息步伐将缓慢，避免损害经济。即日本央行已经在考虑“要怎么加息”而不是“要不要加息了”，有种加息势在必行的意味。13日，“春斗”中大企业集中公布涨薪幅度，多数都创30年来新高，14日凌晨日经新闻深夜再次出来强化预期，说日本央行下周会讨论退出负利率，日元小幅走高了20点。14日“春斗”首轮谈判结果出炉前一日，日本时事通讯社报道称，日本央行在“安排下周加息”，日元短线拉升了50点，从讨论加息到安排加息，又又进了一步，看来是已公布的涨薪幅度让其很满意了。15日薪资涨幅出结果后，加息最后一块拼图合上，日媒爆料日本央行为加息做最后安排了。16日凌晨，日媒称日本央行下周将把利率上调至0%-0.1%区间 ，以几乎肯定的口吻爆出日本央行的具体加息目标。这样子的一番循序渐进引导把3月加息的期待值抬得很高，怪不得美银也从预期4月加息转向3月了。不过，加息时间早则三月，晚则四月，市场仍然看法不一。野村证券策略师Naka Matsuzawa认为，日本央行本次将全面改变其政策框架。包含五方面：1)将政策利率目标从-0.10%上调至0-0.10%；2)取消收益率曲线控制，同时取消10年期国债收益率目标；3)暂停ETF购买； 4) 推迟继续增加货币基础的承诺；5)引入新的量化目标(从每月购买6万亿日元日本国债开始)。最后两点合在一起意味着日本央行将很快开始量化紧缩。如果本次日本央行真的加息，市场会有什么反应？Matsuzawa认为，市场的直接反应应该是温和的，因为日本央行与市场就下一步正常化的行动进行了良好的沟通。话虽如此，市场尚未消化日本央行将以多快的速度缩减日本国债购买规模，这可能导致日元走高、日本国债收益率上升和股价下跌。投资者对股票的偏好也将从出口类股转向内需驱动型股。也有观点认为日本央行的脚步不会那么快。日本道富环球投资顾问首席投资官Kensuke Niihara认为，日本央行一直在建设性地引导市场应对即将到来的政策变化，我们一直预计政策变化将于4月份开始。但是，30多年来最高的涨薪幅度得到了大企业的认可。再加上日本央行对潜在通胀的评估，这些事态发展大大提高了3月份采取政策行动的可能性。我们预计，到今年年底，政策利率将走出负增长区间，达到0.10%。道富环球的评估显示，日元被严重低估，我们长期看多日元。美联储和日本央行在政策方向上可能出现的分歧，将支持日元走强。然而，我们认为日本央行在退出负利率政策后将维持宽松的货币政策，因此我们预计对包括日元在内的市场的影响将是有限的。如果美联储进入一个稳定的超过100-150个基点的降息周期，或者日本工资上涨、经济增长强劲到足以支持日本央行多次加息，日元可能会有意义地升值。最后回顾一下，日本央行自2016年1月29日引入负利率政策，将商业银行存放在日本央行的超额准备金存款利率从之前的0.1%降至-0.1%。自此，日本进入“负利率”时代，并持续至今。如果日本央行本次真的宣布加息，是长达17年来首次上调利率，全球始于的21世纪10年代的负利率时代也将画上句号。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1413,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":284924753690792,"gmtCreate":1710567479747,"gmtModify":1710567516813,"author":{"id":"3493697741648925","authorId":"3493697741648925","name":"yellowtimes","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3493697741648925","authorIdStr":"3493697741648925"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"美联储难得不行不行的了。","listText":"美联储难得不行不行的了。","text":"美联储难得不行不行的了。","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/284924753690792","repostId":"2419151333","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2419151333","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1710555923,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2419151333?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2024-03-16 10:25","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"“抢跑”美联储，市场又一次败了","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2419151333","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"通胀顽固令市场被迫对齐美联储自身的降息预期，预计全年降幅下调至75个基点，6月降息的概率则从100%降至2/3。","content":"<html><head></head><body><blockquote><p>通胀顽固令市场被迫对齐美联储自身的降息预期，预计全年降幅下调至75个基点，6月降息的概率则从100%降至2/3。</p></blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">本周公布的数据显示，美国2月CPI同比增3.2%，超出市场预期，核心CPI环比增0.4%，为八个月最大升幅，高于预期的0.3%，且已经连续第二个月高于预期，强化了美联储在降息方面的谨慎态度。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ING美洲区研究主管帕德里克·加维对媒体表示，通胀的顽固性迫使投资者不得不做出调整。</p><p><strong>通胀反弹让市场降息预期难以为继 被迫对齐美联储</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">仍然顽固的通胀，导致市场对美联储今年加息步伐的预期发生重大调整。期货市场目前预计今年美联储只会降息3次。而数据公布前的降息预期为4次。更早前的1月，市场甚至乐观地相信美联储会降息6-7次。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">对降息节点的看法也不再统一。上月市场曾认定6月会议降息的概率为100%，但本周五已经降低至2/3。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">目前的市场预期，与美联储自身的估计一致（均为3次25个基点的小幅降息，利率由当前的5.25%-5.5%的下调至5%左右）。在关键的美国大选年，投资者正在适应通胀降幅低于预期的情况。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">对利率敏感的两年期美国国债收益率本周已累计上涨约23个基点，至4.73%。高歌猛进的美股已经有所回落。截至隔夜收盘，本周三大股指再次出现周线收阴。标普周内累跌0.13%，纳指跌0.7%，纳斯达克100跌1.17%，均连跌两周，2024年开年11周内第四周累跌。道指累跌0.02%，连跌三周。</p><p><strong>美联储面临两难选择</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">下周，美联储将召开货币政策会议，讨论未来加息路径并更新全年经济和利率预测。市场预计，在3月20日公布决议时，美联储将暂时按兵不动，不作任何调整。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">美联储主席鲍威尔本月曾表示，在&#34;更有信心认为通胀正在可持续下降至2%的目标&#34;之前，不会开始降息。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">上周公布的数据显示，尽管2月失业率从前月的3.7%小幅上升至3.9%，但仍处于历史低位。同时，当月非农新增就业人数也超过预期，再次凸显了劳动力市场的持续紧缺状态。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">在就业和通胀数据的双重冲击下，美联储正面临进退维谷的困境。一方面，通胀高企加大了继续加息的压力；但另一方面，过度激进的货币政策也可能导致经济硬着陆。因此，权衡通胀和经济增长之间的微妙平衡，或将成为美联储未来政策的重中之重。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">荷宝资产管理公司首席投资官马克·唐丁认为：</p><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">看起来我们今年只能期待一个短暂且相对温和的降息周期。</p></blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">他分析，为了彻底击垮通胀，美联储可能仍需维持相对较高的利率水平。</p></body></html>","source":"wallstreetcn_hot_news","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>“抢跑”美联储，市场又一次败了</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; 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color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n“抢跑”美联储，市场又一次败了\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2024-03-16 10:25 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3710582><strong>华尔街见闻</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>通胀顽固令市场被迫对齐美联储自身的降息预期，预计全年降幅下调至75个基点，6月降息的概率则从100%降至2/3。本周公布的数据显示，美国2月CPI同比增3.2%，超出市场预期，核心CPI环比增0.4%，为八个月最大升幅，高于预期的0.3%，且已经连续第二个月高于预期，强化了美联储在降息方面的谨慎态度。ING美洲区研究主管帕德里克·加维对媒体表示，通胀的顽固性迫使投资者不得不做出调整。通胀反弹让市场...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3710582\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9ef1ebeccfc8beb9408ab2917d23872d","relate_stocks":{"UPRO":"三倍做多标普500ETF","BK4585":"ETF&股票定投概念","BK4559":"巴菲特持仓","OEF":"标普100指数ETF-iShares","SH":"标普500反向ETF","SPXU":"三倍做空标普500ETF","BK4581":"高盛持仓","SPY":"标普500ETF","BK4534":"瑞士信贷持仓","BK4588":"碎股","BK4504":"桥水持仓","OEX":"标普100","SSO":"两倍做多标普500ETF","BK4550":"红杉资本持仓","IVV":"标普500指数ETF",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index","SDS":"两倍做空标普500ETF"},"source_url":"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3710582","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2419151333","content_text":"通胀顽固令市场被迫对齐美联储自身的降息预期，预计全年降幅下调至75个基点，6月降息的概率则从100%降至2/3。本周公布的数据显示，美国2月CPI同比增3.2%，超出市场预期，核心CPI环比增0.4%，为八个月最大升幅，高于预期的0.3%，且已经连续第二个月高于预期，强化了美联储在降息方面的谨慎态度。ING美洲区研究主管帕德里克·加维对媒体表示，通胀的顽固性迫使投资者不得不做出调整。通胀反弹让市场降息预期难以为继 被迫对齐美联储仍然顽固的通胀，导致市场对美联储今年加息步伐的预期发生重大调整。期货市场目前预计今年美联储只会降息3次。而数据公布前的降息预期为4次。更早前的1月，市场甚至乐观地相信美联储会降息6-7次。对降息节点的看法也不再统一。上月市场曾认定6月会议降息的概率为100%，但本周五已经降低至2/3。目前的市场预期，与美联储自身的估计一致（均为3次25个基点的小幅降息，利率由当前的5.25%-5.5%的下调至5%左右）。在关键的美国大选年，投资者正在适应通胀降幅低于预期的情况。对利率敏感的两年期美国国债收益率本周已累计上涨约23个基点，至4.73%。高歌猛进的美股已经有所回落。截至隔夜收盘，本周三大股指再次出现周线收阴。标普周内累跌0.13%，纳指跌0.7%，纳斯达克100跌1.17%，均连跌两周，2024年开年11周内第四周累跌。道指累跌0.02%，连跌三周。美联储面临两难选择下周，美联储将召开货币政策会议，讨论未来加息路径并更新全年经济和利率预测。市场预计，在3月20日公布决议时，美联储将暂时按兵不动，不作任何调整。美联储主席鲍威尔本月曾表示，在\"更有信心认为通胀正在可持续下降至2%的目标\"之前，不会开始降息。上周公布的数据显示，尽管2月失业率从前月的3.7%小幅上升至3.9%，但仍处于历史低位。同时，当月非农新增就业人数也超过预期，再次凸显了劳动力市场的持续紧缺状态。在就业和通胀数据的双重冲击下，美联储正面临进退维谷的困境。一方面，通胀高企加大了继续加息的压力；但另一方面，过度激进的货币政策也可能导致经济硬着陆。因此，权衡通胀和经济增长之间的微妙平衡，或将成为美联储未来政策的重中之重。荷宝资产管理公司首席投资官马克·唐丁认为：看起来我们今年只能期待一个短暂且相对温和的降息周期。他分析，为了彻底击垮通胀，美联储可能仍需维持相对较高的利率水平。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1170,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":634873765,"gmtCreate":1647443135147,"gmtModify":1647443135147,"author":{"id":"3493697741648925","authorId":"3493697741648925","name":"yellowtimes","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":3,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3493697741648925","authorIdStr":"3493697741648925"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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06:11","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"中美协议签了啥？人民日报这篇文章说明白了","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2003888829","media":"人民日报","summary":"以下为中美贸易协议全文>>> 中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府经济贸易协议当地时间1月15日，经过中美两国经贸团队的共同努力，在平等和相互尊重的基础上，中美双方在美国首都华盛顿正式签署第一阶段经","content":"<p><b><span>以下为中美贸易协议全文&gt;&gt;&gt;</span></b></p><p><a href=\"http://u.thsi.cn/imgsrc/input/f42cf5f4e9c44f5ef357d5eb51c95284.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span> 中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府经济贸易协议</span></a><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8e1f4fb3af1b6efffcd32b56f97184ca\" /><span>当地时间1月15日，经过中美两国经贸团队的共同努力，在平等和相互尊重的基础上，中美双方在美国首都华盛顿正式签署第一阶段经贸协议。</span><span><b>协议文本包括序言、知识产权、技术转让、食品和农产品、金融服务、汇率和透明度、扩大贸易、双边评估和争端解决、最终条款九个章节</b></span><span>。同时，</span><span><b>双方达成一致，美方将履行分阶段取消对华产品加征关税的相关承诺，实现加征关税由升到降的转变</b></span><span>。协议文本主要内容是什么？该如何解读？记者第一时间采访了权威专家。</span></p><p><b>◎加强知识产权保护，是中国经济创新发展的需要。双方在知识产权领域的内容总体是平衡的</b></p><p><b>中美双方就加强知识产权保护进行了深入讨论，在商业秘密保护、与药品相关的知识产权问题、专利有效期延长、地理标志、打击电子商务平台上存在的盗版和假冒、打击盗版和假冒产品的生产和出口、打击商标恶意注册，以及加强知识产权司法执行和程序等方面达成共识</b>。</p><p>“协议在知识产权方面的内容，符合中国改革开放的方向，是中国经济创新发展的需要。”中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所研究员高凌云认为，长期以来，中国政府高度重视知识产权保护，双方相向而行所达成的共识，符合中方关于加强知识产权保护的改革方向，有利于保护创新，有利于国外知识产权更多地进入中国，建设创新型国家、创新型企业。</p><p>比如，关于加强一般专利和商标保护。很多中国知名企业也会碰到商标“被抢注”的现象；有些个人为了谋取利益，甚至一次恶意注册几百个商标。而建立打击恶意注册商标的制度，有利于更好地保护中国市场上所有企业的合法权益。</p><p>再如，关于加强保护企业商业秘密、打击侵权假冒。高凌云认为，这有利于更好地保护创新，激发企业的创新积极性。</p><p>“<b>从协议文本看，双方在知识产权领域的内容总体是平衡的。</b>”高凌云说，<b>在知识产权方面，双方的权利义务是对等的、互惠互利的，既保护美国企业，也保护中国企业，既保护美国企业到中国的投资，也保护中国企业在美国的投资。</b>把知识产权保护好，也有利于更多国外知识产权和外资进入中国。</p><p><b>◎进一步完善在技术转让方面的制度，完全符合中方改革开放方向。双方在技术转让方面权利义务对等</b></p><p>在技术转让方面，中美双方达成了一系列共识。<b>协议强调，双方企业可以自由进入对方市场，并且进行公开、自由的运营；技术转让和技术许可按照市场原则自愿进行，政府不支持、指导自然人或者企业开展扭曲竞争的，以获取技术为目的的对外投资。</b></p><p>“事实上，中国从来没有强制外国企业转让技术的政策。保障企业基于自愿原则和商业规则开展技术合作，有利于强化知识产权保护，有利于营造公平竞争的营商环境，有利于推动实现高质量发展，符合中国进一步深化改革、扩大开放的方向。”高凌云说。</p><p>高凌云说，值得注意的是，在技术转让这一章节，双方达成的所有协议都是权利义务对等的。比如，<b>双方收购、设立合资企业时，不得强制对方转让技术；不能通过行政管理、行政许可等要求，强制对方转让技术；双方不得将转让技术或者使用对方技术作为市场准入的条件；双方保持行政管理、行政许可透明，在行政监管审查过程中对企业敏感技术信息保密；双方保证对对方企业的执法透明、公平等。</b>“这份双方平衡的协议，有利于保障我国企业在美国更加公平地开展业务。”高凌云说。</p><p>加入世贸组织以来，中国积极履行在技术转让方面的承诺。“进一步完善在技术转让方面的制度，完全符合中方改革开放方向，有利于推动政府职能由研发管理向创新服务转变，创造更加尊重知识价值的营商环境，激发创新型国家发展的更大动力。”高凌云说。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3ce1a86a89114b05abdb20e7b87c5b2c\" /></p><p><span><b>◎增加中美农业合作有利于满足我国消费需求，推进农业供给侧结构性改革，提升农业发展质量</b></span></p><p>根据协议，中美将加强和促进双方农业领域合作。“总体看，农业协议是平等互利的，我国农民和农业发展将获得实实在在的利益。”中国人民大学国发院研究院、经济学院教授程大为说。</p><p><b>协议提出，中方将按照加入世贸组织承诺，完善小麦、玉米、大米关税配额管理办法。</b>程大为表示，按照配额管理，中国一年将进口总量2000多万吨的谷物，占全年粮食消费量的比例不过3.4%，即便全部用完配额，对国内市场影响也很小，“中国人的饭碗依然端得稳，饭碗里装的主要仍是中国粮。”程大为说。</p><p>在经贸磋商期间，美国已发布最终规则，承认中国鲇鱼监管体系与美国等效，允许中国的熟制禽肉输美。<b>协议规定，美国将允许中国产香梨、柑橘、鲜枣等农产品出口美国。</b>美方作出的这些承诺将带给中国农业企业和农民更多市场机会。</p><p><b>根据协议，中方将增加对美国乳品、牛肉、大豆、水产品、水果、饲料、宠物食品等农产品进口，今后两年平均进口规模为400亿美元。</b>在程大为看来，中美双方农业互补性很强，是天然的农业合作伙伴，扩大自美农产品进口有利于满足我国消费需求，推进农业供给侧结构性改革，提升农业发展质量。</p><p>2018年，我国大豆消费量为1.05亿吨，国内产量仅1600万吨，缺口十分明显。扩大进口美国大豆，将有效缓解国内紧缺，满足国内饲料蛋白需求。此外，我国农产品消费结构正在升级，扩大进口有利于优化食品结构、丰富百姓餐桌、更好满足美好生活需要，也有利于节约资源，推动国内农业加快创新步伐、提高生产效率。</p><p>值得注意的是，中方增加自美进口农产品，要基于市场原则，由市场主体自主决策。美国农产品的价格应当有竞争力，必须符合中国农产品质量安全标准。“这就意味着，美国企业想在中国市场上获得份额，必须提高竞争力，让中国企业和消费者自愿购买，这也避免了部分美国供应商‘坐地起价’的可能。”程大为说。</p><p><b>◎金融服务开放对双方都是利好，相关承诺与近年来中国自主、有序推动的金融业开放是一致的</b></p><p><b>根据协议，中美双方将在银行、证券、保险、电子支付等领域提供公平、有效、非歧视的市场准入待遇。</b>对此，中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所国际贸易研究室主任东艳认为，金融业对外开放是中国长期以来的既定方针。近年来，中国自主推动了新一轮金融业开放，大幅放宽了外资在银行、证券、保险等领域的市场准入。这些措施在很大程度上基本涵盖了协议中关于金融服务的内容，并对所有国家的金融机构都一视同仁。</p><p>“金融服务开放对双方都是利好，协议中既有中方的承诺，也有美方的承诺，将有利于中国金融企业更好走出去，到美国开展业务。”东艳说。</p><p>金融安全是国家安全的重要组成部分，扩大金融服务开放后，更多外资企业可能进入中国，是否会对金融安全产生不利影响？</p><p>“扩大金融服务开放更多体现为商业领域合作，与资本账户等方面的开放是两回事，不会对国家金融安全带来不利影响。”东艳表示，从协议内容和近年来的金融开放实践看，中国的金融业开放并非一放了之、放任自流，金融监管部门还将持续完善监管体系，使监管水平与开放程度相适应，进一步保证国家金融安全。</p><p>东艳认为，我国已经成为银行业总资产规模全球第一、保费收入全球第二的金融大国，中国金融企业完全有能力与国际金融巨头同台竞技，并在你追我赶中实现高质量发展。</p><p><b>◎双方就汇率问题达成平等互利的共识，协议相关内容绝非《广场协议》的翻版</b></p><p>中美经贸摩擦中，汇率问题一度是争议焦点之一。<b>此次签署的协议中，双方就汇率问题达成平等互利的共识，并明确了汇率问题上两国都要平等对待，权利和义务要平等，双方都要尊重对方货币政策自主权等重要原则。</b></p><p>东艳表示，中美作为世界上两个最大的经济体和SDR篮子货币国家，就汇率问题达成平等互利的共识，既有利于两国增进互信、协商解决分歧，也有利于全球外汇市场的有序运行，为国际货币体系的稳定做出积极贡献。</p><p><span>历史上，美国曾通过《广场协议》迫使日元大幅升值，以此来削弱日本产品的出口竞争力。一些人担心，协议相关内容是不是《广场协议》的翻版？会不会对人民币汇率稳定和出口产生负面影响？</span></p><p>“协议相关内容绝非《广场协议》的翻版。”东艳表示，此次协议中有关汇率的内容，体现出平等互利和尊重对方货币政策自主权的原则，包括不搞竞争性贬值、不将汇率用于竞争性目的，这从根本上保障了我国汇率政策自主权，不会带来像《广场协议》那样的不利后果。</p><p><b>此次协议中双方均认可，汇率问题与汇率评估本质上是一个多边问题，任何一方不能单独做判断。</b>这将有助于妥善解决美方一些人乱贴“汇率操纵国”标签等问题，减少中美在汇率问题上的争议和分歧，保持外汇市场和金融市场的稳定运行。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/de544bde2211a8072a55263449694b85\" /></p><p><span><b>◎扩大自美进口规模符合我国既定方针和现实所需，将由中国企业和消费者根据市场原则自愿购买，政府不会为实现这一规模而采取行政指令、财政补贴等方式</b></span></p><p><b>协议提出，中方将扩大自美农产品、能源产品、工业制成品、服务产品进口，未来两年的进口规模，要在2017年基数上增加不少于2000亿美元。</b>对此，程大为认为，“中美双边贸易具有很强互补性。扩大进口有利于优化资源配置、调整产业结构、适应消费需求、促进中国经济高质量发展。”</p><p>程大为表示，中方从不刻意追求贸易顺差，始终追求自由贸易，坚持通过扩大进口实现外贸平衡发展。连续两年举办进博会、大幅度降低部分进口商品关税已经充分说明，扩大进口是中方的既定方针和一贯的工作方向。</p><p>扩大进口符合经济规律。与美国相比，中国在制造业、服务业、农业等领域尚有差距，扩大自美进口有利于更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，提高国内企业创新能力和经营效率，推动产业转型升级。增加自美能源进口，将有助于我国实现能源进口多元化，保障能源供给安全。而且双方将基于市场价格和商业考虑开展采购活动。</p><p>扩大进口会不会冲击中国产业？程大为认为，短期看，扩大进口可能会影响部分中国企业的市场空间，但看大局、看长远，技术进口的溢出效应、先进管理理念和机制的引入以及外部压力和良性竞争的倒逼都将有利于我国产业加快转型升级。</p><p>未来两年自美进口增加不少于2000亿美元能否实现？程大为认为，首先，我国拥有近14亿人口的大市场和4亿中等收入群体，中国经济稳中向好、长期向好的基本趋势没有改变，对中国市场需求的稳定增长要有足够信心。其次，不少于2000亿美元的商品将由中国企业和消费者根据市场原则自愿购买，“政府不会为实现这一规模而采取行政指令、财政补贴等方式。”此外，为实现这一规模，美方也要创造有利条件，应确保采取适当举措以便有足够的美国商品和服务供中国采购和进口。这还将推进美国将一些中国企业移出“实体清单”，“如果中国企业因为‘实体清单’限制而在经营上受到影响、采购能力打折，无法进口足够的产品和服务，那么责任就完全在美方。”程大为说。</p><p>扩大自美进口，会不会影响其他贸易伙伴的利益？程大为认为，“中国市场空间巨大，也始终欢迎各国供应商平等竞争，只要各国的产品和服务足够优质，就不愁在中国市场找不到空间。”</p><p><b>◎在双边评估和争端解决机制中，中美双方权利义务完全对等，它决不是美国监督中国的单边机制</b></p><p><b>协议按照对等原则，明确了双边评估和争端解决机制。</b>对此，复旦大学网络空间研究基地主任沈逸认为，这是全球化背景下贸易争端解决机制的创新。</p><p>这一机制是在WTO贸易争端解决机制之外，为中美两国解决贸易纠纷增加了一种新渠道。沈逸认为，“这一机制不是‘另起炉灶’，而是坚持了WTO贸易争端解决机制的基本原则，双方将保留各自在WTO项下的基本权利。在此基础上，双方能够及时就重大贸易问题开展双边磋商，能够有效避免贸易冲突升级，维护贸易关系稳定发展。”</p><p>“在这个机制中，中美双方权利义务完全对等，它决不是美国监督中国的单边机制。不仅允许美方就扩大商品进出口发起磋商，中方同样也可以就扩大进出口发起磋商。”沈逸说，如果中国愿意进口美国某种商品，而事实上存在进口难度，即所谓“想买，买不到”，在这种情况下，就可以主动发起双边磋商，邀请美方到谈判桌上谈一谈，这就为我进口美国限制性商品搭建了“梯子”。</p><p>“比如，以前美方在一些高科技领域对我实行出口管制，连谈判的可能都没有。如今，有了这个磋商机制，我们就能够就扩大美高科技产品进口发起磋商，这就为我进口相关高技术产品提供了可能。”沈逸说。</p><p>中国国经中心首席研究员张燕生表示，双边评估和争端解决机制是经过中方艰苦谈判取得的。这是一个比较平衡、比较公平的机制，体现了对等原则。这一机制与WTO贸易争端解决机制不是取代关系，而是一种补充和创新，体现了与时俱进的制度创新。</p><p>“现在全球化、信息化深入推进，经贸发展日新月异，多边规则同样需要与时俱进。在WTO加快改革的背景下，中美双方通过协议明确了双边评估和争端解决机制，为多边机制改革进行了探索，对其他相关国家妥善解决贸易争端也具有借鉴意义。”张燕生说。</p><p><b>◎关税退坡符合第一阶段谈判预期，为下一步谈判争取了主动</b></p><p><b><span>协议推动美方实现对华加征关税由升到降的转折，包括暂停原定去年12月15日要加征的关税，并将去年9月1日生效的对华加征关税税率从15%降至7.5%。</span></b><span>对此，沈逸认为，目前中美之间达成的是第一阶段协议，关税退坡也是阶段性的，符合预期。值得注意的是，这是美方一些人近两年频频舞动关税大棒后，第一次对有关贸易相关方做出关税退让，充分证明中方谈判取得了重大成果。</span></p><p>沈逸认为，谈判是一个相互博弈的过程，也是追求利益最大化的过程。目前，相当一部分商品在关税退让后，对大多数企业来说，是能够对冲和消化的，也为下一步谈判争取了主动。</p><p>“随着中国开放的大门越开越大，治理能力建设加快成熟和完善。经过经贸摩擦洗礼，中国企业将更加强大。”沈逸表示。</p><p>张燕生认为，在目前阶段，7.5%的关税额度是一个可以接受的结果。“随着下一阶段中美经贸谈判的深入推进，中方完全有信心、有办法、有能力维护中国企业的合法权益，推进中美经贸关系行稳致远。”</p><p>受访专家普遍认为，经过近两年的艰苦谈判，中美双方最终达成第一阶段经贸协议，体现了合作共赢的原则，有利于中国，有利于美国，也有利于全世界，能够有效稳定市场、稳定预期，符合各方利益，也符合中国全方位扩大开放的大格局。协议的达成，推动中美经贸关系重回正轨，为世界各国处理经贸摩擦提供了典范。</p><p>中美建交以来，双边经贸关系不断发展，贸易和投资等合作取得丰硕成果，实现了优势互补、互利共赢。同时也应看到，作为世界上最大的两个经济体和贸易大国，中美两国经济发展阶段、经济制度不同，而且经贸交往规模庞大、内涵丰富、覆盖面广、涉及主体多元、利益深度交融，产生一些矛盾分歧在所难免，解决中美经贸问题具有长期性、复杂性、艰巨性。</p><p>中国始终坚持，分歧和摩擦最终需要通过对话和磋商来解决。协议的签署，意味着对话磋商取得了初步进展，但这也只是解决问题过程中的一部分。对此，我们需要保持平常心，继续以理性和建设性的态度解决问题，坚持采取合作的方式推动达成互利双赢的协议。当然，在朝着更好方向努力的同时，我国也具备强大的能力、做好了扎实的准备，足以应对各种挑战与压力。</p><p>“千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。”下一步，中国将始终坚持改革开放的既定方向和节奏，坚持做好自己的事，努力实现中国经济行稳致远，创造世界经济更加美好的明天。</p>","source":"peopledaily","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE 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}\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n中美协议签了啥？人民日报这篇文章说明白了\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2020-01-16 06:11 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://wap.peopleapp.com/article/5038222/4931947><strong>人民日报</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>以下为中美贸易协议全文>>> 中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府经济贸易协议当地时间1月15日，经过中美两国经贸团队的共同努力，在平等和相互尊重的基础上，中美双方在美国首都华盛顿正式签署第一阶段经贸协议。协议文本包括序言、知识产权、技术转让、食品和农产品、金融服务、汇率和透明度、扩大贸易、双边评估和争端解决、最终条款九个章节。同时，双方达成一致，美方将履行分阶段取消对华产品加征关税的相关承诺，...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://wap.peopleapp.com/article/5038222/4931947\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"http://n.sinaimg.cn/news/transform/116/w550h366/20200116/636c-imztzhp3601294.jpg","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://wap.peopleapp.com/article/5038222/4931947","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2003888829","content_text":"以下为中美贸易协议全文>>> 中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府经济贸易协议当地时间1月15日，经过中美两国经贸团队的共同努力，在平等和相互尊重的基础上，中美双方在美国首都华盛顿正式签署第一阶段经贸协议。协议文本包括序言、知识产权、技术转让、食品和农产品、金融服务、汇率和透明度、扩大贸易、双边评估和争端解决、最终条款九个章节。同时，双方达成一致，美方将履行分阶段取消对华产品加征关税的相关承诺，实现加征关税由升到降的转变。协议文本主要内容是什么？该如何解读？记者第一时间采访了权威专家。◎加强知识产权保护，是中国经济创新发展的需要。双方在知识产权领域的内容总体是平衡的中美双方就加强知识产权保护进行了深入讨论，在商业秘密保护、与药品相关的知识产权问题、专利有效期延长、地理标志、打击电子商务平台上存在的盗版和假冒、打击盗版和假冒产品的生产和出口、打击商标恶意注册，以及加强知识产权司法执行和程序等方面达成共识。“协议在知识产权方面的内容，符合中国改革开放的方向，是中国经济创新发展的需要。”中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所研究员高凌云认为，长期以来，中国政府高度重视知识产权保护，双方相向而行所达成的共识，符合中方关于加强知识产权保护的改革方向，有利于保护创新，有利于国外知识产权更多地进入中国，建设创新型国家、创新型企业。比如，关于加强一般专利和商标保护。很多中国知名企业也会碰到商标“被抢注”的现象；有些个人为了谋取利益，甚至一次恶意注册几百个商标。而建立打击恶意注册商标的制度，有利于更好地保护中国市场上所有企业的合法权益。再如，关于加强保护企业商业秘密、打击侵权假冒。高凌云认为，这有利于更好地保护创新，激发企业的创新积极性。“从协议文本看，双方在知识产权领域的内容总体是平衡的。”高凌云说，在知识产权方面，双方的权利义务是对等的、互惠互利的，既保护美国企业，也保护中国企业，既保护美国企业到中国的投资，也保护中国企业在美国的投资。把知识产权保护好，也有利于更多国外知识产权和外资进入中国。◎进一步完善在技术转让方面的制度，完全符合中方改革开放方向。双方在技术转让方面权利义务对等在技术转让方面，中美双方达成了一系列共识。协议强调，双方企业可以自由进入对方市场，并且进行公开、自由的运营；技术转让和技术许可按照市场原则自愿进行，政府不支持、指导自然人或者企业开展扭曲竞争的，以获取技术为目的的对外投资。“事实上，中国从来没有强制外国企业转让技术的政策。保障企业基于自愿原则和商业规则开展技术合作，有利于强化知识产权保护，有利于营造公平竞争的营商环境，有利于推动实现高质量发展，符合中国进一步深化改革、扩大开放的方向。”高凌云说。高凌云说，值得注意的是，在技术转让这一章节，双方达成的所有协议都是权利义务对等的。比如，双方收购、设立合资企业时，不得强制对方转让技术；不能通过行政管理、行政许可等要求，强制对方转让技术；双方不得将转让技术或者使用对方技术作为市场准入的条件；双方保持行政管理、行政许可透明，在行政监管审查过程中对企业敏感技术信息保密；双方保证对对方企业的执法透明、公平等。“这份双方平衡的协议，有利于保障我国企业在美国更加公平地开展业务。”高凌云说。加入世贸组织以来，中国积极履行在技术转让方面的承诺。“进一步完善在技术转让方面的制度，完全符合中方改革开放方向，有利于推动政府职能由研发管理向创新服务转变，创造更加尊重知识价值的营商环境，激发创新型国家发展的更大动力。”高凌云说。◎增加中美农业合作有利于满足我国消费需求，推进农业供给侧结构性改革，提升农业发展质量根据协议，中美将加强和促进双方农业领域合作。“总体看，农业协议是平等互利的，我国农民和农业发展将获得实实在在的利益。”中国人民大学国发院研究院、经济学院教授程大为说。协议提出，中方将按照加入世贸组织承诺，完善小麦、玉米、大米关税配额管理办法。程大为表示，按照配额管理，中国一年将进口总量2000多万吨的谷物，占全年粮食消费量的比例不过3.4%，即便全部用完配额，对国内市场影响也很小，“中国人的饭碗依然端得稳，饭碗里装的主要仍是中国粮。”程大为说。在经贸磋商期间，美国已发布最终规则，承认中国鲇鱼监管体系与美国等效，允许中国的熟制禽肉输美。协议规定，美国将允许中国产香梨、柑橘、鲜枣等农产品出口美国。美方作出的这些承诺将带给中国农业企业和农民更多市场机会。根据协议，中方将增加对美国乳品、牛肉、大豆、水产品、水果、饲料、宠物食品等农产品进口，今后两年平均进口规模为400亿美元。在程大为看来，中美双方农业互补性很强，是天然的农业合作伙伴，扩大自美农产品进口有利于满足我国消费需求，推进农业供给侧结构性改革，提升农业发展质量。2018年，我国大豆消费量为1.05亿吨，国内产量仅1600万吨，缺口十分明显。扩大进口美国大豆，将有效缓解国内紧缺，满足国内饲料蛋白需求。此外，我国农产品消费结构正在升级，扩大进口有利于优化食品结构、丰富百姓餐桌、更好满足美好生活需要，也有利于节约资源，推动国内农业加快创新步伐、提高生产效率。值得注意的是，中方增加自美进口农产品，要基于市场原则，由市场主体自主决策。美国农产品的价格应当有竞争力，必须符合中国农产品质量安全标准。“这就意味着，美国企业想在中国市场上获得份额，必须提高竞争力，让中国企业和消费者自愿购买，这也避免了部分美国供应商‘坐地起价’的可能。”程大为说。◎金融服务开放对双方都是利好，相关承诺与近年来中国自主、有序推动的金融业开放是一致的根据协议，中美双方将在银行、证券、保险、电子支付等领域提供公平、有效、非歧视的市场准入待遇。对此，中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所国际贸易研究室主任东艳认为，金融业对外开放是中国长期以来的既定方针。近年来，中国自主推动了新一轮金融业开放，大幅放宽了外资在银行、证券、保险等领域的市场准入。这些措施在很大程度上基本涵盖了协议中关于金融服务的内容，并对所有国家的金融机构都一视同仁。“金融服务开放对双方都是利好，协议中既有中方的承诺，也有美方的承诺，将有利于中国金融企业更好走出去，到美国开展业务。”东艳说。金融安全是国家安全的重要组成部分，扩大金融服务开放后，更多外资企业可能进入中国，是否会对金融安全产生不利影响？“扩大金融服务开放更多体现为商业领域合作，与资本账户等方面的开放是两回事，不会对国家金融安全带来不利影响。”东艳表示，从协议内容和近年来的金融开放实践看，中国的金融业开放并非一放了之、放任自流，金融监管部门还将持续完善监管体系，使监管水平与开放程度相适应，进一步保证国家金融安全。东艳认为，我国已经成为银行业总资产规模全球第一、保费收入全球第二的金融大国，中国金融企业完全有能力与国际金融巨头同台竞技，并在你追我赶中实现高质量发展。◎双方就汇率问题达成平等互利的共识，协议相关内容绝非《广场协议》的翻版中美经贸摩擦中，汇率问题一度是争议焦点之一。此次签署的协议中，双方就汇率问题达成平等互利的共识，并明确了汇率问题上两国都要平等对待，权利和义务要平等，双方都要尊重对方货币政策自主权等重要原则。东艳表示，中美作为世界上两个最大的经济体和SDR篮子货币国家，就汇率问题达成平等互利的共识，既有利于两国增进互信、协商解决分歧，也有利于全球外汇市场的有序运行，为国际货币体系的稳定做出积极贡献。历史上，美国曾通过《广场协议》迫使日元大幅升值，以此来削弱日本产品的出口竞争力。一些人担心，协议相关内容是不是《广场协议》的翻版？会不会对人民币汇率稳定和出口产生负面影响？“协议相关内容绝非《广场协议》的翻版。”东艳表示，此次协议中有关汇率的内容，体现出平等互利和尊重对方货币政策自主权的原则，包括不搞竞争性贬值、不将汇率用于竞争性目的，这从根本上保障了我国汇率政策自主权，不会带来像《广场协议》那样的不利后果。此次协议中双方均认可，汇率问题与汇率评估本质上是一个多边问题，任何一方不能单独做判断。这将有助于妥善解决美方一些人乱贴“汇率操纵国”标签等问题，减少中美在汇率问题上的争议和分歧，保持外汇市场和金融市场的稳定运行。◎扩大自美进口规模符合我国既定方针和现实所需，将由中国企业和消费者根据市场原则自愿购买，政府不会为实现这一规模而采取行政指令、财政补贴等方式协议提出，中方将扩大自美农产品、能源产品、工业制成品、服务产品进口，未来两年的进口规模，要在2017年基数上增加不少于2000亿美元。对此，程大为认为，“中美双边贸易具有很强互补性。扩大进口有利于优化资源配置、调整产业结构、适应消费需求、促进中国经济高质量发展。”程大为表示，中方从不刻意追求贸易顺差，始终追求自由贸易，坚持通过扩大进口实现外贸平衡发展。连续两年举办进博会、大幅度降低部分进口商品关税已经充分说明，扩大进口是中方的既定方针和一贯的工作方向。扩大进口符合经济规律。与美国相比，中国在制造业、服务业、农业等领域尚有差距，扩大自美进口有利于更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，提高国内企业创新能力和经营效率，推动产业转型升级。增加自美能源进口，将有助于我国实现能源进口多元化，保障能源供给安全。而且双方将基于市场价格和商业考虑开展采购活动。扩大进口会不会冲击中国产业？程大为认为，短期看，扩大进口可能会影响部分中国企业的市场空间，但看大局、看长远，技术进口的溢出效应、先进管理理念和机制的引入以及外部压力和良性竞争的倒逼都将有利于我国产业加快转型升级。未来两年自美进口增加不少于2000亿美元能否实现？程大为认为，首先，我国拥有近14亿人口的大市场和4亿中等收入群体，中国经济稳中向好、长期向好的基本趋势没有改变，对中国市场需求的稳定增长要有足够信心。其次，不少于2000亿美元的商品将由中国企业和消费者根据市场原则自愿购买，“政府不会为实现这一规模而采取行政指令、财政补贴等方式。”此外，为实现这一规模，美方也要创造有利条件，应确保采取适当举措以便有足够的美国商品和服务供中国采购和进口。这还将推进美国将一些中国企业移出“实体清单”，“如果中国企业因为‘实体清单’限制而在经营上受到影响、采购能力打折，无法进口足够的产品和服务，那么责任就完全在美方。”程大为说。扩大自美进口，会不会影响其他贸易伙伴的利益？程大为认为，“中国市场空间巨大，也始终欢迎各国供应商平等竞争，只要各国的产品和服务足够优质，就不愁在中国市场找不到空间。”◎在双边评估和争端解决机制中，中美双方权利义务完全对等，它决不是美国监督中国的单边机制协议按照对等原则，明确了双边评估和争端解决机制。对此，复旦大学网络空间研究基地主任沈逸认为，这是全球化背景下贸易争端解决机制的创新。这一机制是在WTO贸易争端解决机制之外，为中美两国解决贸易纠纷增加了一种新渠道。沈逸认为，“这一机制不是‘另起炉灶’，而是坚持了WTO贸易争端解决机制的基本原则，双方将保留各自在WTO项下的基本权利。在此基础上，双方能够及时就重大贸易问题开展双边磋商，能够有效避免贸易冲突升级，维护贸易关系稳定发展。”“在这个机制中，中美双方权利义务完全对等，它决不是美国监督中国的单边机制。不仅允许美方就扩大商品进出口发起磋商，中方同样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