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龙须子
2018-08-15
$小米集团-W(01810)$坐等明天的15抄底,补仓,这回绝对不是半山腰😭😭
龙须子
2018-08-23
$小米集团-W(01810)$这什么鬼?谁在后面操纵!
龙须子
2018-10-02
$小米集团-W(01810)$敢不敢跌到10元!!!
龙须子
2018-09-14
$拼多多(PDD)$牛逼
龙须子
2018-09-04
$京东(JD)$为啥下单失败啊
龙须子
2019-08-01
$小米集团-W(01810)$
彻底无望了
龙须子
2019-05-31
$小米集团-W(01810)$ 5等你
龙须子
2021-02-22
爱国起码得1亿起吧
抱歉,原内容已删除
龙须子
2019-04-24
$小米集团-W(01810)$ 今天12见底
龙须子
2018-11-22
$小米集团-W(01810)$都在涨的时候你在跌,都在跌的时候你也在跌……
龙须子
2018-09-21
$小米集团-W(01810)$敢不敢回17?
龙须子
2018-09-24
$美团点评-W(03690)$跌到60是情理之中,跌吧
龙须子
2019-01-10
$小米集团-W(01810)$1元等你奥,妈的!
龙须子
2019-01-08
$小米集团-W(01810)$就剩裤衩了[流泪]
龙须子
2018-10-11
$小米集团-W(01810)$距离5还远吗!!
龙须子
2018-09-14
$小米集团-W(01810)$高开低走的套路
龙须子
2018-09-12
$小米集团-W(01810)$完了,年轻人的第一次炒股,搁在山顶好冷啊,距离山底越来越远了……
龙须子
2019-07-18
$小米集团-W(01810)$
5块咋样
龙须子
2018-09-14
$拼多多(PDD)$空空是也
去老虎APP查看更多动态
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又被浑水盯上。</b>5月18日,浑水再次发布做空报告称,跟谁学至少有80%的用户是机器人;并怀疑至少有80%的收入是造假的,甚至可能是90%以上,还称跟谁学欺瞒性地少报了费用。浑水还表示,董事长陈向东至少抵押了3.18亿美元的跟谁学股份,出借人是瑞士信贷。瑞信是瑞幸咖啡的重要保证金出借人,长期持有跟谁学股票的投资者面临的风险是,保证金出借人会大举抛售股票,导致股价暴跌。</p><p><span>今年以来,因为“瑞幸咖啡造假事件”导致了对中概股诚信状况的集体焦虑,一大批中概股遭遇了大量的“趁火打劫”式的质疑和做空,场面堪称混乱——我们无意去讨论所谓的动机,也不愿以阴谋论揣度别人,专业的人干专业的事,我们,尊重事实,尊重规则:只要你铁证如山,我们必送上作为同行的崇高致敬。</span></p><p><span>但是,基于某种情愫和职业上、专业上的敏感,我们认为事有蹊跷,有可待商榷和验证的余地。</span></p><p><span>于是,我们准备抽取一家在这场混战中遭遇做空的中概股公司,使用市值风云的方法论,从公开信息、公开数据、通用方法论角度,进行财务和基本面的深度研究,以验证这波做空潮的真实水准。</span></p><p><span>跟谁学,遭到连续做空,是本轮做空大战的焦点公司之一。我们就选取这家公司为研究标的,尽可能的庖丁解牛,厘清事实。</span></p><p><span><b>一、风波亭里话风波</b></span></p><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GSX\">跟谁学</a> <span>成立于2014年,是一家主要从事K12在线教育的公司。</span></p><p><span>公司于2019年6月上市,IPO价格为每股10.50美元。截至今年5月8日收盘,公司股价已经达到41.98美元,累计涨幅达到300%,给投资者带来的收益还是相当可观的。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f5a93976d2d1d8a0813de7d75772b878\" tg-width=\"1242\" tg-height=\"2972\"><span>今年以来,做空跟谁学的主要是Grizzly Research、香橼(Citron)、天蝎创投等三家机构。</span></p><p><span>其中以香橼的最为激烈,连发了三份报告,从虚增收入、获客成本等角度对其进行了质疑。</span></p><p><b><span>真相究竟怎么样呢?风云君也非常感兴趣。</span></b></p><p><span>在这篇文章里,风云君先对跟谁学的业务做简单的介绍,然后提出自己的方法论。</span></p><p><span>在全部事实水落石出之前,风云君决定只做一个旁观者。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f48d822d88c15dc50099283bea114d56\" tg-width=\"625\" tg-height=\"625\"></p><p><span><b>二、业务模式</b></span></p><p><span>跟谁学目前共有5个品牌:跟谁学、高途课堂、金囿学堂、成蹊商学院、微师。</span></p><blockquote><span>其中,跟谁学和高途课堂面向K12教育,是公司最主要的2个品牌;金囿学堂提供外语、专业和兴趣教育;成蹊商学院是公司为教培行业从业者开办的商学院;微师则是一个基于微信的互动学习平台。</span></blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/aaaeb351470e25ca3dba3abbab836bc3\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"316\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季度电话会议投资者报告)</span></p><p><span>跟谁学最出名的就是双师大班在线教学。</span></p><p><span>双师是指主讲老师和辅导老师,大班是说一个主讲老师可以对应上千人的学生。</span></p><p><span>比如2019年,平均每个K12课程拥有1200名报名学生。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b0fa1284b173019b1d8d6c93f5e184ea\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"221\"></p><p><span>(来源:官网)</span></p><p><span>跟谁学在线教学的模式是,课程会在固定的开课时间进行线上直播,直播过后还可以看回放,但是回放有一定的有效期。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/055b6c4b5809e84c032af8c037aca6a9\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"539\"></p><p><span>(来源:官网)</span></p><p><span>风云君看到这一模式,第一反应是得到App上的付费课程或者知乎Live。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f276ffb57fc1339070b24c3a4528ae25\" tg-width=\"379\" tg-height=\"805\"></p><p><span>(来源:得到App)</span></p><p><span>截至2019年底,跟谁学共有232名主讲老师,3736名辅导老师。</span></p><p><span>辅导老师的职责主要是:</span></p><blockquote><span>与学生和家长互动,监督学习进程,在课上回答学生的问题,课后批改作业,与主讲老师合作提高满意度和续课的比例。</span></blockquote><p><b><span>可以说,辅导老师承担了传统教学中劳动密集的工作。</span></b></p><p><span><b>三、经营数据</b></span></p><p><span>下面我们来看几个数字。</span></p><p><span>2019年,跟谁学的收入达到21.12亿元,同比增长432.3%。</span></p><p><span>其中,80.7%的收入来自K12课程,17.9%的收入来自外语、专业和兴趣教育服务,1.2%的收入来自线下咨询课程,其他收入占比不足1%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a1e2de1686e9988ecde2d9a87afb5b52\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"385\"></p><p><b><span>(一)2019年大班策略开始奏效</span></b></p><p><span>2019年,公司平台的总报名人次达到了274万,增速达到了258%。</span></p><p><span>平均每个K12课程的报名人数达到1200人,同比翻倍。2017-2018年,平均每个K12课程的报名人次从400增加到600,增幅并没有2019年这么明显。</span></p><p><b><span>这说明公司的大班课策略是从2019年开始明显奏效的。</span></b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/459d5e6d58e22c0a72c6e858f7722933\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"417\"></p><p><b><span>(二)正价课报名人次的比例影响毛利率</span></b></p><p><span>根据公开信息,跟谁学提到课程单价在99-4870元之间(注:K12课程)。</span></p><p><span>公司也把99元以上的称为正价课,99元以下的打折或免费课程的一般用于推广和营销。</span></p><p><span>2019年,正价课报名人次为218.66万,占总报名人次的79.7%。这一比例在2018年经历了比较大的下滑,在2019年又反弹回来。</span></p><p><span>可想而知,2018年“白嫖”的人更多了之后,毛利率一定是更低的。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cd0f00a92480115fb2db362d5a88b51f\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"418\"></p><p><span>2018年,毛利率只有64.1%,低于2017、2019年。2019年的毛利率达到74.7%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2ffd6142a09acd8ef4c571bd3178960b\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"426\"></p><p><b><span>(三)师生比在2019年有所下降</span></b></p><p><span>截至2019年底,跟谁学共有主讲老师232人,辅导老师3736人。相比2018年,主讲老师增加了42%,辅导老师则是增加了961%!</span></p><p><b><span>可见,辅导老师数量是大班教学的重要配套条件。</span></b></p><p><span>另外,前十大主讲老师贡献收入的比例从2018年的46.6%下降到了2019年的36.3%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0af8e0f1c55b64653bc1f0d5ec532a42\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"425\"></p><p><span>教育行业很喜欢用的一个指标是师生比。正价课报名人次与辅导老师的比例在2019年是585,也就是说平均每个辅导老师每年负责585人次的学生。这一比例相比2018年的1569有了大幅下降,</span><span><b>师生比对学生的留存率非常重要。</b></span></p><p><span>另外,这个数字看上去很高,不过由于跟谁学的课程周期一般只有几个月,所以同一时间辅导的学生人数并没有那么多。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/af5ec013836f3ea57b26753d905a2410\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"422\"></p><p><b><span>(四)2018年是K12线上教学“起风”的一年</span></b></p><p><span>2019年,跟谁学的K12收入为17.07亿元,同比增长了486.7%。</span></p><p><span>在这之前,好未来(TAL.N)的线上业务收入在2019财年(注:结束于2019年2月底的年度)就达到了29.14亿元,同比增长了156.6%。</span></p><p><span>而新东方在线(01797.HK)的K12收入在2019财年(注:结束于2019年5月底的年度)也达到1.59亿元,同比增长80.8%。</span></p><p><span>由于好未来和新东方在线2019财年的主要部分都在2018年,所以把两者与跟谁学的2018年数据做对比(注:好未来还没有披露2020财年的线上业务数据)。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9443ab86ace63fcf345edd3e67ea5295\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"425\"></p><p><span>2018年,新东方在线也推出了双师模式的在线直播教学模式,不过仍然是20人的小班。这项业务被称为“东方优播”,增速要快于其他K12业务。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b60c0535460b4cd8daff97b1cd997842\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"236\"></p><p><span>(来源:新东方在线2019财年年报)</span></p><p><span>下面我们来看看跟谁学的公司架构。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/03b1c0554d91f6ffa4c65c51c6a1218a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"640\"></p><p><b><span>四、公司架构</span></b></p><p><span>跟谁学采用的是中概股典型的VIE架构,北京百家互联科技有限公司(注:简称百家互联)是其内地经营实体。</span></p><p><span>根据2019年年报,公司董事长和CEO陈向东持有46.1%的股份及89.5%的投票权。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0b2edc45aa4fe868d43f2cc6d64b9ba3\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"323\"></p><p><span>百家互联的实缴注册资本为5500万元,2018年工商报告中显示的参保人数是491人。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2a2b890f263a1ce700cb6e8e2fd1867a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"221\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查)</span></p><p><span>在2019年11月披露的二次发售招股书中,百家互联共有5个并表子公司,分别是:</span></p><blockquote><span>北京跟谁学科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>北京加紫科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>北京高途云集教育科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>北京百家成蹊教育科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>上海金囿教育科技有限公司。</span></blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7ae64f4fb8aef21c490649caec0d2e59\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"602\"></p><p><span>(2019年11月二次发售招股书)</span></p><p><span>其中,北京跟谁学科技实缴注册资本100万元。北京加紫科技,实缴出资额500万元。</span></p><p><span>根据天眼查,加紫科技有两项业务,分别是超级志愿和babyABC英语启蒙。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/91360e1ea8692cee50bd8c2face8d46a\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"229\"></p><p><span>(来源:天眼查)</span></p><p><span>这两款APP风云君在豌豆荚中都能搜到。</span></p><p><span>北京高途云集实缴注册资本1000万元。另外,北京百家成蹊的实缴注册资本为500万元。</span></p><p><span>风云君在拉勾网上看到,成蹊商学院是面向教培行业从业者的商学院。成蹊商学院的目的应该是为公司获取更多的师资力量。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b13b1422bc89ab93eac6e9cf5f74c14a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"332\"></p><p><span>(来源:https://www.lagou.com/jobs/6786719.html?source=pl&i=pl-0&show=4821c908e5f04c0a88c83179ed64eab5)</span></p><p><span>上海金囿的实缴注册资本500万元。从官网可以看出,上海金囿是一家服务于金融领域考证以及金融知识学习的公司。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e7d6d8fdb73689f5dc13b2e90c3d8771\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"369\"></p><p><span>(来源:官网)</span></p><p><b><span>综合上面的信息,北京百家互联、北京高途云集是公司最主要的2个运营实体,其次是北京加紫科技、北京百家成蹊和上海金囿。</span></b></p><p><span>在2020年4月3日披露的年报中,并表的子公司增加了2家,分别是2020年1月份新收购的郑州高途云集科技有限公司,以及山东跟谁学互联科技有限公司。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/85c969d04081e474b26c76b0df4229b8\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"625\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年年报)</span></p><p><span>其中,郑州高途的收购代价为3.34亿元,其主要资产是2栋已完工的办公楼和1栋建设中的办公楼。总楼面面积为6.33万平方米,约合5276元每平方米。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f9a5643ed12a6d22d211e70bb265fa86\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"172\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年年报)</span></p><p><span>山东跟谁学互联成立于2020年1月,实缴注册资本5000万元。近期,跟谁学还成立了太原、武汉、浙江三家地方性子公司。</span></p><p><span>以上子公司均为100%控股。</span></p><p><span>另外,跟谁学还有北京优联环球教育科技有限公司、成都菁苗教育科技股份有限公司两个重要的附属公司,分别持股30%、38%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2f845541df98663edb87bddae1ff994d\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"229\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查,2020.05.10)</span></p><p><span>北京优联由跟谁学前员工熊骁于2014年创办,目前熊骁对其持股45%,是实际控制人。陈向东直接持股10%,间接通过上市公司持股13.59%(注:考虑陈向东在上市公司的股份为46.1%),合计23.59%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ea3ccd7b920a991a24abdbeefe602246\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"298\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查)</span></p><p><span>北京优联的品牌叫做“家长家”,是中国最大的家长学习平台,拥有《家长家早课堂》、《家长家大课堂》等课程。</span></p><p><span>最后,成都菁苗是一家亲子户外素质培养平台,成立于2016年。北京百家互联持有38%的股份,是第二大股东,其中陈向东通过上市公司间接持股17.22%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c3f3432c8d4e494a4adce58f1d654fcf\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"304\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查)</span></p><p><span><b>五、增长和盈利</b></span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,跟谁学的收入为12.98亿元,同比增长382.1%。</span></p><p><span>公司的增长非常快,风云君在这里使用季度数据来衡量其成长性。</span></p><p><span>从季度数据中能看出一个明显的特点,季度增速是从2018年四季度开始提高到400%左右。这也与前面“大班策略于2019年开始奏效”的说法相一致。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9e5bcf710f6999f10aa863e47dba4936\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"490\"></p><p><span>我们再来看看环比数据,并且与现金收入对比来看。现金收入说的是当期实收的学费和来自平台上老师的会员费。</span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,现金收入为13.74亿元,环比下降了12.9%。同季度的营收则环比增长了38.8%。</span></p><p><span>在这之前,季度现金收入还有一次环比负增长。2019年一季度,现金收入为3亿元,环比下降了5.7%,当季营收环比增长了47.7%,而次季度仅增长了31.4%,是两年多来最慢的一次。</span></p><p><span>收入确认的滞后性就体现在这里。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bdfbd2eccbf6990a6f4443dc9a71f557\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"421\"></p><p><span>跟谁学的电话会议中说,一季度和三季度一般是公司招收新学生的时期,二季度和四季度是续费窗口期。而且一季度和三季度的付费人次相对较低,所以现金收入也会比较少。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ddd21a0536b4509d8c28fdba0ddcab2d\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"155\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季度电话会议)</span></p><p><span>而从现金收入和正价课报名人次来看,两者的走势比较一致。</span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,现金收入为13.74亿元,正价课报名人次为77.4万。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a288b016b3438317343440fe099143a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"436\"></p><p><span>盈利方面,2018年三季度跟谁学首次实现季度盈利。当季营业利润率和净利润率分别为0.1%、0.7%。</span></p><p><span>2018年三季度-2020年一季度,季度毛利率基本上呈上升趋势,主要是因为规模效应。</span></p><p><span>同时,跟谁学的营业利润率波动较大,2019年三季度还出现了营业利润的短暂亏损。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f6ae9429ee929c9b9a0ddc0ad0da4eb7\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"436\"></p><p><span>这其中最大的变量就是营销费用率。2018年一季度至今,研发费用率、一般及行政费用率基本上呈下滑趋势,营销费用率则逐渐上升。</span></p><p><span>2019年三季度的营业利润亏损就是由于营销费用率达到了59.3%。财报中对此的解释是为了获得更多用户以及提高品牌知名度。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3f33fe7ff9615d942994e34725a10a76\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"401\"></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f8614885d63b28d96a4981e0f0cdfe33\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"126\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年三季报)</span></p><p><b><span>跟谁学未来能否持续盈利,主要看的也是营销费用率能否稳定住。</span></b></p><p><span>相比新东方在线,跟谁学的毛利率要更高:</span></p><p><span>2018、2019年,跟谁学的毛利率分别为64.1%、74.7%。新东方在线K12业务2019财年(注:截至2019年5月底的年度)毛利率只有10.0%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b76ef24b322a295c374d3e723203cdfa\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"424\"></p><p><b><span>在风云君看来,这主要是因为两者教学方式的不同。跟谁学的模式为双师大班在线教学,新东方在线的模式仍然是小班。</span></b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/76655e3622167896e555d88a7eb0a3df\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"441\"></p><p><span>(来源:东方优播官网)</span></p><p><span><b>六、现金和投资收益</b></span></p><p><span>网上已经有很多对做空报告的解读,风云君决定用自己的方法论来看一看。</span></p><p><span>由于利润表的验证难度较大,风云君决定从资产负债表和现金流量表出发。</span></p><p><span>截至2019年底,跟谁学的总资产为33.95亿元。</span></p><p><span>其中,现金及现金等价物为7397万元,短期投资达到14.73亿元,长期投资达到11.88亿元。三者合计27.36亿元,占总资产的80.6%,比例非常大。</span></p><p><span>风云君觉得有必要考察一下这一科目。</span></p><p><span>公司的短期投资和长期投资基本上都是银行的理财产品,穿透到底层资产则是债权产品。</span></p><p><span>2019年四季度,跟谁学从现金及现金等价物和短期理财产品中获得的收益为1000万元。用1000万元除以季度初和季度末的现金及现金等价物和短期投资的平均值,得出的年化收益率(注:再乘以4)为3.1%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e9c1d3411e652c1240f75cf422bad018\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"324\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年四季报)</span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,跟谁学从现金及现金等价物、短期投资、长期投资中获得的收益为1260万元,年化收益率约为3.2%。此处的计算忽略掉长期投资,因为从资产负债表来看,短期投资的减少幅度远大于长期投资。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ee2d51aa1f65d97c58b234308676517b\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"221\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季报)</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c66aa9a435da8899f05a302f67750fce\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"349\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季报)</span></p><p><b><span>总的来说,投资收益率还算合理。</span></b></p><p><span>另外在今年一季度的投资人电话沟通会上,跟谁学还披露了现金及现金等价物的存放银行:公司在招行、建行、北京银行、民生银行的存款共计2.23亿元,在花旗银行的美元存款合人民币3.41亿元(注:按照今年3月31日的汇率)。</span></p><p><span>两者合计5.65亿元,与财报中的总数一致。</span></p><p><span>另外,公司存放在招行和民生银行的短期和长期投资共计11.4亿元,在花旗银行的美元投资合人民币10.62亿元。两者合计22.02亿元,略微超过财报中的21.72亿元(注:可能是四舍五入的问题)。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a04ed819585aeb583d65c071d329fd0a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"294\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季报投资人电话沟通会)</span></p><p><b><span>综合来看,公司的现金及现金等价物和长短期投资问题不大。</span></b></p><p><span>作为一家在线教育公司,预收学费的业务特点使得其现金流表现还是很不错的。</span></p><p><span>2019年,跟谁学的经营活动净现金流为12.85亿元,自由现金流为12.24亿元,在过去三年里增幅很大。</span></p><p><span>而风云君翻看几家做空机构的报告,有相当一部分都在讨论刷单,但是刷单并不能使现金流出现大幅增长。</span></p><p><span>另外,最近三年公司的资本开支较少。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d8ba3b25c5fbfcd2ce43def879510f81\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"423\"></p><p><span>投资活动现金流的其他科目主要是购买短期、长期理财,或者理财产品到期。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0f0f3a11a1bed46a6b9c08a650c3f50b\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"219\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年年报)</span></p><p><b><span>所以,风云君认为跟谁学的现金流量表问题也不大。</span></b></p><p><span>在2019年,跟谁学回购了8670万元的股票,合1250万美元。</span></p><p><span>2020年的一季报中,公司宣布了一项为期2年(注:截至2022年5月6日)的股票回购计划,总回购金额不超过1.5亿美元。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0b08b539c52b8e3ebaa858bba1e54658\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"169\"></p><p><span>是老虎还是Hello Kitty,到底差不差钱儿,就看公司后续回购中的实际买入动作了。</span></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>“趁火打劫”式的中概股做空潮里,跟谁学造假了吗?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n“趁火打劫”式的中概股做空潮里,跟谁学造假了吗?\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/43\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/3f9d4dad6ffc401f8c85b4d6b0210c3a);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">市值风云 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2020-05-18 21:55</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>相关阅读:<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2036013131\" target=\"_blank\"><b>跟谁学回应浑水做空:数据来源混乱,对公司业务无知</b></a></p><blockquote><b><span>现金最难造假,那我们就从现金入手吧。</span></b></blockquote><p><b>在香橼持续三次做空后,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GSX\">跟谁学</a> 又被浑水盯上。</b>5月18日,浑水再次发布做空报告称,跟谁学至少有80%的用户是机器人;并怀疑至少有80%的收入是造假的,甚至可能是90%以上,还称跟谁学欺瞒性地少报了费用。浑水还表示,董事长陈向东至少抵押了3.18亿美元的跟谁学股份,出借人是瑞士信贷。瑞信是瑞幸咖啡的重要保证金出借人,长期持有跟谁学股票的投资者面临的风险是,保证金出借人会大举抛售股票,导致股价暴跌。</p><p><span>今年以来,因为“瑞幸咖啡造假事件”导致了对中概股诚信状况的集体焦虑,一大批中概股遭遇了大量的“趁火打劫”式的质疑和做空,场面堪称混乱——我们无意去讨论所谓的动机,也不愿以阴谋论揣度别人,专业的人干专业的事,我们,尊重事实,尊重规则:只要你铁证如山,我们必送上作为同行的崇高致敬。</span></p><p><span>但是,基于某种情愫和职业上、专业上的敏感,我们认为事有蹊跷,有可待商榷和验证的余地。</span></p><p><span>于是,我们准备抽取一家在这场混战中遭遇做空的中概股公司,使用市值风云的方法论,从公开信息、公开数据、通用方法论角度,进行财务和基本面的深度研究,以验证这波做空潮的真实水准。</span></p><p><span>跟谁学,遭到连续做空,是本轮做空大战的焦点公司之一。我们就选取这家公司为研究标的,尽可能的庖丁解牛,厘清事实。</span></p><p><span><b>一、风波亭里话风波</b></span></p><p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GSX\">跟谁学</a> <span>成立于2014年,是一家主要从事K12在线教育的公司。</span></p><p><span>公司于2019年6月上市,IPO价格为每股10.50美元。截至今年5月8日收盘,公司股价已经达到41.98美元,累计涨幅达到300%,给投资者带来的收益还是相当可观的。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f5a93976d2d1d8a0813de7d75772b878\" tg-width=\"1242\" tg-height=\"2972\"><span>今年以来,做空跟谁学的主要是Grizzly Research、香橼(Citron)、天蝎创投等三家机构。</span></p><p><span>其中以香橼的最为激烈,连发了三份报告,从虚增收入、获客成本等角度对其进行了质疑。</span></p><p><b><span>真相究竟怎么样呢?风云君也非常感兴趣。</span></b></p><p><span>在这篇文章里,风云君先对跟谁学的业务做简单的介绍,然后提出自己的方法论。</span></p><p><span>在全部事实水落石出之前,风云君决定只做一个旁观者。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f48d822d88c15dc50099283bea114d56\" tg-width=\"625\" tg-height=\"625\"></p><p><span><b>二、业务模式</b></span></p><p><span>跟谁学目前共有5个品牌:跟谁学、高途课堂、金囿学堂、成蹊商学院、微师。</span></p><blockquote><span>其中,跟谁学和高途课堂面向K12教育,是公司最主要的2个品牌;金囿学堂提供外语、专业和兴趣教育;成蹊商学院是公司为教培行业从业者开办的商学院;微师则是一个基于微信的互动学习平台。</span></blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/aaaeb351470e25ca3dba3abbab836bc3\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"316\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季度电话会议投资者报告)</span></p><p><span>跟谁学最出名的就是双师大班在线教学。</span></p><p><span>双师是指主讲老师和辅导老师,大班是说一个主讲老师可以对应上千人的学生。</span></p><p><span>比如2019年,平均每个K12课程拥有1200名报名学生。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b0fa1284b173019b1d8d6c93f5e184ea\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"221\"></p><p><span>(来源:官网)</span></p><p><span>跟谁学在线教学的模式是,课程会在固定的开课时间进行线上直播,直播过后还可以看回放,但是回放有一定的有效期。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/055b6c4b5809e84c032af8c037aca6a9\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"539\"></p><p><span>(来源:官网)</span></p><p><span>风云君看到这一模式,第一反应是得到App上的付费课程或者知乎Live。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f276ffb57fc1339070b24c3a4528ae25\" tg-width=\"379\" tg-height=\"805\"></p><p><span>(来源:得到App)</span></p><p><span>截至2019年底,跟谁学共有232名主讲老师,3736名辅导老师。</span></p><p><span>辅导老师的职责主要是:</span></p><blockquote><span>与学生和家长互动,监督学习进程,在课上回答学生的问题,课后批改作业,与主讲老师合作提高满意度和续课的比例。</span></blockquote><p><b><span>可以说,辅导老师承担了传统教学中劳动密集的工作。</span></b></p><p><span><b>三、经营数据</b></span></p><p><span>下面我们来看几个数字。</span></p><p><span>2019年,跟谁学的收入达到21.12亿元,同比增长432.3%。</span></p><p><span>其中,80.7%的收入来自K12课程,17.9%的收入来自外语、专业和兴趣教育服务,1.2%的收入来自线下咨询课程,其他收入占比不足1%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a1e2de1686e9988ecde2d9a87afb5b52\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"385\"></p><p><b><span>(一)2019年大班策略开始奏效</span></b></p><p><span>2019年,公司平台的总报名人次达到了274万,增速达到了258%。</span></p><p><span>平均每个K12课程的报名人数达到1200人,同比翻倍。2017-2018年,平均每个K12课程的报名人次从400增加到600,增幅并没有2019年这么明显。</span></p><p><b><span>这说明公司的大班课策略是从2019年开始明显奏效的。</span></b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/459d5e6d58e22c0a72c6e858f7722933\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"417\"></p><p><b><span>(二)正价课报名人次的比例影响毛利率</span></b></p><p><span>根据公开信息,跟谁学提到课程单价在99-4870元之间(注:K12课程)。</span></p><p><span>公司也把99元以上的称为正价课,99元以下的打折或免费课程的一般用于推广和营销。</span></p><p><span>2019年,正价课报名人次为218.66万,占总报名人次的79.7%。这一比例在2018年经历了比较大的下滑,在2019年又反弹回来。</span></p><p><span>可想而知,2018年“白嫖”的人更多了之后,毛利率一定是更低的。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cd0f00a92480115fb2db362d5a88b51f\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"418\"></p><p><span>2018年,毛利率只有64.1%,低于2017、2019年。2019年的毛利率达到74.7%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2ffd6142a09acd8ef4c571bd3178960b\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"426\"></p><p><b><span>(三)师生比在2019年有所下降</span></b></p><p><span>截至2019年底,跟谁学共有主讲老师232人,辅导老师3736人。相比2018年,主讲老师增加了42%,辅导老师则是增加了961%!</span></p><p><b><span>可见,辅导老师数量是大班教学的重要配套条件。</span></b></p><p><span>另外,前十大主讲老师贡献收入的比例从2018年的46.6%下降到了2019年的36.3%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0af8e0f1c55b64653bc1f0d5ec532a42\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"425\"></p><p><span>教育行业很喜欢用的一个指标是师生比。正价课报名人次与辅导老师的比例在2019年是585,也就是说平均每个辅导老师每年负责585人次的学生。这一比例相比2018年的1569有了大幅下降,</span><span><b>师生比对学生的留存率非常重要。</b></span></p><p><span>另外,这个数字看上去很高,不过由于跟谁学的课程周期一般只有几个月,所以同一时间辅导的学生人数并没有那么多。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/af5ec013836f3ea57b26753d905a2410\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"422\"></p><p><b><span>(四)2018年是K12线上教学“起风”的一年</span></b></p><p><span>2019年,跟谁学的K12收入为17.07亿元,同比增长了486.7%。</span></p><p><span>在这之前,好未来(TAL.N)的线上业务收入在2019财年(注:结束于2019年2月底的年度)就达到了29.14亿元,同比增长了156.6%。</span></p><p><span>而新东方在线(01797.HK)的K12收入在2019财年(注:结束于2019年5月底的年度)也达到1.59亿元,同比增长80.8%。</span></p><p><span>由于好未来和新东方在线2019财年的主要部分都在2018年,所以把两者与跟谁学的2018年数据做对比(注:好未来还没有披露2020财年的线上业务数据)。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9443ab86ace63fcf345edd3e67ea5295\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"425\"></p><p><span>2018年,新东方在线也推出了双师模式的在线直播教学模式,不过仍然是20人的小班。这项业务被称为“东方优播”,增速要快于其他K12业务。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b60c0535460b4cd8daff97b1cd997842\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"236\"></p><p><span>(来源:新东方在线2019财年年报)</span></p><p><span>下面我们来看看跟谁学的公司架构。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/03b1c0554d91f6ffa4c65c51c6a1218a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"640\"></p><p><b><span>四、公司架构</span></b></p><p><span>跟谁学采用的是中概股典型的VIE架构,北京百家互联科技有限公司(注:简称百家互联)是其内地经营实体。</span></p><p><span>根据2019年年报,公司董事长和CEO陈向东持有46.1%的股份及89.5%的投票权。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0b2edc45aa4fe868d43f2cc6d64b9ba3\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"323\"></p><p><span>百家互联的实缴注册资本为5500万元,2018年工商报告中显示的参保人数是491人。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2a2b890f263a1ce700cb6e8e2fd1867a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"221\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查)</span></p><p><span>在2019年11月披露的二次发售招股书中,百家互联共有5个并表子公司,分别是:</span></p><blockquote><span>北京跟谁学科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>北京加紫科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>北京高途云集教育科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>北京百家成蹊教育科技有限公司;</span></blockquote><blockquote><span>上海金囿教育科技有限公司。</span></blockquote><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7ae64f4fb8aef21c490649caec0d2e59\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"602\"></p><p><span>(2019年11月二次发售招股书)</span></p><p><span>其中,北京跟谁学科技实缴注册资本100万元。北京加紫科技,实缴出资额500万元。</span></p><p><span>根据天眼查,加紫科技有两项业务,分别是超级志愿和babyABC英语启蒙。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/91360e1ea8692cee50bd8c2face8d46a\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"229\"></p><p><span>(来源:天眼查)</span></p><p><span>这两款APP风云君在豌豆荚中都能搜到。</span></p><p><span>北京高途云集实缴注册资本1000万元。另外,北京百家成蹊的实缴注册资本为500万元。</span></p><p><span>风云君在拉勾网上看到,成蹊商学院是面向教培行业从业者的商学院。成蹊商学院的目的应该是为公司获取更多的师资力量。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b13b1422bc89ab93eac6e9cf5f74c14a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"332\"></p><p><span>(来源:https://www.lagou.com/jobs/6786719.html?source=pl&i=pl-0&show=4821c908e5f04c0a88c83179ed64eab5)</span></p><p><span>上海金囿的实缴注册资本500万元。从官网可以看出,上海金囿是一家服务于金融领域考证以及金融知识学习的公司。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e7d6d8fdb73689f5dc13b2e90c3d8771\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"369\"></p><p><span>(来源:官网)</span></p><p><b><span>综合上面的信息,北京百家互联、北京高途云集是公司最主要的2个运营实体,其次是北京加紫科技、北京百家成蹊和上海金囿。</span></b></p><p><span>在2020年4月3日披露的年报中,并表的子公司增加了2家,分别是2020年1月份新收购的郑州高途云集科技有限公司,以及山东跟谁学互联科技有限公司。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/85c969d04081e474b26c76b0df4229b8\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"625\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年年报)</span></p><p><span>其中,郑州高途的收购代价为3.34亿元,其主要资产是2栋已完工的办公楼和1栋建设中的办公楼。总楼面面积为6.33万平方米,约合5276元每平方米。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f9a5643ed12a6d22d211e70bb265fa86\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"172\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年年报)</span></p><p><span>山东跟谁学互联成立于2020年1月,实缴注册资本5000万元。近期,跟谁学还成立了太原、武汉、浙江三家地方性子公司。</span></p><p><span>以上子公司均为100%控股。</span></p><p><span>另外,跟谁学还有北京优联环球教育科技有限公司、成都菁苗教育科技股份有限公司两个重要的附属公司,分别持股30%、38%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2f845541df98663edb87bddae1ff994d\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"229\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查,2020.05.10)</span></p><p><span>北京优联由跟谁学前员工熊骁于2014年创办,目前熊骁对其持股45%,是实际控制人。陈向东直接持股10%,间接通过上市公司持股13.59%(注:考虑陈向东在上市公司的股份为46.1%),合计23.59%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ea3ccd7b920a991a24abdbeefe602246\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"298\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查)</span></p><p><span>北京优联的品牌叫做“家长家”,是中国最大的家长学习平台,拥有《家长家早课堂》、《家长家大课堂》等课程。</span></p><p><span>最后,成都菁苗是一家亲子户外素质培养平台,成立于2016年。北京百家互联持有38%的股份,是第二大股东,其中陈向东通过上市公司间接持股17.22%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c3f3432c8d4e494a4adce58f1d654fcf\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"304\"></p><p><span>(来源:企查查)</span></p><p><span><b>五、增长和盈利</b></span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,跟谁学的收入为12.98亿元,同比增长382.1%。</span></p><p><span>公司的增长非常快,风云君在这里使用季度数据来衡量其成长性。</span></p><p><span>从季度数据中能看出一个明显的特点,季度增速是从2018年四季度开始提高到400%左右。这也与前面“大班策略于2019年开始奏效”的说法相一致。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9e5bcf710f6999f10aa863e47dba4936\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"490\"></p><p><span>我们再来看看环比数据,并且与现金收入对比来看。现金收入说的是当期实收的学费和来自平台上老师的会员费。</span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,现金收入为13.74亿元,环比下降了12.9%。同季度的营收则环比增长了38.8%。</span></p><p><span>在这之前,季度现金收入还有一次环比负增长。2019年一季度,现金收入为3亿元,环比下降了5.7%,当季营收环比增长了47.7%,而次季度仅增长了31.4%,是两年多来最慢的一次。</span></p><p><span>收入确认的滞后性就体现在这里。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bdfbd2eccbf6990a6f4443dc9a71f557\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"421\"></p><p><span>跟谁学的电话会议中说,一季度和三季度一般是公司招收新学生的时期,二季度和四季度是续费窗口期。而且一季度和三季度的付费人次相对较低,所以现金收入也会比较少。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ddd21a0536b4509d8c28fdba0ddcab2d\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"155\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季度电话会议)</span></p><p><span>而从现金收入和正价课报名人次来看,两者的走势比较一致。</span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,现金收入为13.74亿元,正价课报名人次为77.4万。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9a288b016b3438317343440fe099143a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"436\"></p><p><span>盈利方面,2018年三季度跟谁学首次实现季度盈利。当季营业利润率和净利润率分别为0.1%、0.7%。</span></p><p><span>2018年三季度-2020年一季度,季度毛利率基本上呈上升趋势,主要是因为规模效应。</span></p><p><span>同时,跟谁学的营业利润率波动较大,2019年三季度还出现了营业利润的短暂亏损。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f6ae9429ee929c9b9a0ddc0ad0da4eb7\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"436\"></p><p><span>这其中最大的变量就是营销费用率。2018年一季度至今,研发费用率、一般及行政费用率基本上呈下滑趋势,营销费用率则逐渐上升。</span></p><p><span>2019年三季度的营业利润亏损就是由于营销费用率达到了59.3%。财报中对此的解释是为了获得更多用户以及提高品牌知名度。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3f33fe7ff9615d942994e34725a10a76\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"401\"></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f8614885d63b28d96a4981e0f0cdfe33\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"126\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年三季报)</span></p><p><b><span>跟谁学未来能否持续盈利,主要看的也是营销费用率能否稳定住。</span></b></p><p><span>相比新东方在线,跟谁学的毛利率要更高:</span></p><p><span>2018、2019年,跟谁学的毛利率分别为64.1%、74.7%。新东方在线K12业务2019财年(注:截至2019年5月底的年度)毛利率只有10.0%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b76ef24b322a295c374d3e723203cdfa\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"424\"></p><p><b><span>在风云君看来,这主要是因为两者教学方式的不同。跟谁学的模式为双师大班在线教学,新东方在线的模式仍然是小班。</span></b></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/76655e3622167896e555d88a7eb0a3df\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"441\"></p><p><span>(来源:东方优播官网)</span></p><p><span><b>六、现金和投资收益</b></span></p><p><span>网上已经有很多对做空报告的解读,风云君决定用自己的方法论来看一看。</span></p><p><span>由于利润表的验证难度较大,风云君决定从资产负债表和现金流量表出发。</span></p><p><span>截至2019年底,跟谁学的总资产为33.95亿元。</span></p><p><span>其中,现金及现金等价物为7397万元,短期投资达到14.73亿元,长期投资达到11.88亿元。三者合计27.36亿元,占总资产的80.6%,比例非常大。</span></p><p><span>风云君觉得有必要考察一下这一科目。</span></p><p><span>公司的短期投资和长期投资基本上都是银行的理财产品,穿透到底层资产则是债权产品。</span></p><p><span>2019年四季度,跟谁学从现金及现金等价物和短期理财产品中获得的收益为1000万元。用1000万元除以季度初和季度末的现金及现金等价物和短期投资的平均值,得出的年化收益率(注:再乘以4)为3.1%。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e9c1d3411e652c1240f75cf422bad018\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"324\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年四季报)</span></p><p><span>2020年一季度,跟谁学从现金及现金等价物、短期投资、长期投资中获得的收益为1260万元,年化收益率约为3.2%。此处的计算忽略掉长期投资,因为从资产负债表来看,短期投资的减少幅度远大于长期投资。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ee2d51aa1f65d97c58b234308676517b\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"221\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季报)</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c66aa9a435da8899f05a302f67750fce\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"349\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季报)</span></p><p><b><span>总的来说,投资收益率还算合理。</span></b></p><p><span>另外在今年一季度的投资人电话沟通会上,跟谁学还披露了现金及现金等价物的存放银行:公司在招行、建行、北京银行、民生银行的存款共计2.23亿元,在花旗银行的美元存款合人民币3.41亿元(注:按照今年3月31日的汇率)。</span></p><p><span>两者合计5.65亿元,与财报中的总数一致。</span></p><p><span>另外,公司存放在招行和民生银行的短期和长期投资共计11.4亿元,在花旗银行的美元投资合人民币10.62亿元。两者合计22.02亿元,略微超过财报中的21.72亿元(注:可能是四舍五入的问题)。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a04ed819585aeb583d65c071d329fd0a\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"294\"></p><p><span>(来源:2020年一季报投资人电话沟通会)</span></p><p><b><span>综合来看,公司的现金及现金等价物和长短期投资问题不大。</span></b></p><p><span>作为一家在线教育公司,预收学费的业务特点使得其现金流表现还是很不错的。</span></p><p><span>2019年,跟谁学的经营活动净现金流为12.85亿元,自由现金流为12.24亿元,在过去三年里增幅很大。</span></p><p><span>而风云君翻看几家做空机构的报告,有相当一部分都在讨论刷单,但是刷单并不能使现金流出现大幅增长。</span></p><p><span>另外,最近三年公司的资本开支较少。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d8ba3b25c5fbfcd2ce43def879510f81\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"423\"></p><p><span>投资活动现金流的其他科目主要是购买短期、长期理财,或者理财产品到期。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0f0f3a11a1bed46a6b9c08a650c3f50b\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"219\"></p><p><span>(来源:2019年年报)</span></p><p><b><span>所以,风云君认为跟谁学的现金流量表问题也不大。</span></b></p><p><span>在2019年,跟谁学回购了8670万元的股票,合1250万美元。</span></p><p><span>2020年的一季报中,公司宣布了一项为期2年(注:截至2022年5月6日)的股票回购计划,总回购金额不超过1.5亿美元。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0b08b539c52b8e3ebaa858bba1e54658\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"169\"></p><p><span>是老虎还是Hello Kitty,到底差不差钱儿,就看公司后续回购中的实际买入动作了。</span></p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/61660484a69bac22573a16d7943bd5e9","relate_stocks":{},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1112858927","content_text":"相关阅读:跟谁学回应浑水做空:数据来源混乱,对公司业务无知现金最难造假,那我们就从现金入手吧。在香橼持续三次做空后,跟谁学 又被浑水盯上。5月18日,浑水再次发布做空报告称,跟谁学至少有80%的用户是机器人;并怀疑至少有80%的收入是造假的,甚至可能是90%以上,还称跟谁学欺瞒性地少报了费用。浑水还表示,董事长陈向东至少抵押了3.18亿美元的跟谁学股份,出借人是瑞士信贷。瑞信是瑞幸咖啡的重要保证金出借人,长期持有跟谁学股票的投资者面临的风险是,保证金出借人会大举抛售股票,导致股价暴跌。今年以来,因为“瑞幸咖啡造假事件”导致了对中概股诚信状况的集体焦虑,一大批中概股遭遇了大量的“趁火打劫”式的质疑和做空,场面堪称混乱——我们无意去讨论所谓的动机,也不愿以阴谋论揣度别人,专业的人干专业的事,我们,尊重事实,尊重规则:只要你铁证如山,我们必送上作为同行的崇高致敬。但是,基于某种情愫和职业上、专业上的敏感,我们认为事有蹊跷,有可待商榷和验证的余地。于是,我们准备抽取一家在这场混战中遭遇做空的中概股公司,使用市值风云的方法论,从公开信息、公开数据、通用方法论角度,进行财务和基本面的深度研究,以验证这波做空潮的真实水准。跟谁学,遭到连续做空,是本轮做空大战的焦点公司之一。我们就选取这家公司为研究标的,尽可能的庖丁解牛,厘清事实。一、风波亭里话风波跟谁学 成立于2014年,是一家主要从事K12在线教育的公司。公司于2019年6月上市,IPO价格为每股10.50美元。截至今年5月8日收盘,公司股价已经达到41.98美元,累计涨幅达到300%,给投资者带来的收益还是相当可观的。今年以来,做空跟谁学的主要是Grizzly Research、香橼(Citron)、天蝎创投等三家机构。其中以香橼的最为激烈,连发了三份报告,从虚增收入、获客成本等角度对其进行了质疑。真相究竟怎么样呢?风云君也非常感兴趣。在这篇文章里,风云君先对跟谁学的业务做简单的介绍,然后提出自己的方法论。在全部事实水落石出之前,风云君决定只做一个旁观者。二、业务模式跟谁学目前共有5个品牌:跟谁学、高途课堂、金囿学堂、成蹊商学院、微师。其中,跟谁学和高途课堂面向K12教育,是公司最主要的2个品牌;金囿学堂提供外语、专业和兴趣教育;成蹊商学院是公司为教培行业从业者开办的商学院;微师则是一个基于微信的互动学习平台。(来源:2020年一季度电话会议投资者报告)跟谁学最出名的就是双师大班在线教学。双师是指主讲老师和辅导老师,大班是说一个主讲老师可以对应上千人的学生。比如2019年,平均每个K12课程拥有1200名报名学生。(来源:官网)跟谁学在线教学的模式是,课程会在固定的开课时间进行线上直播,直播过后还可以看回放,但是回放有一定的有效期。(来源:官网)风云君看到这一模式,第一反应是得到App上的付费课程或者知乎Live。(来源:得到App)截至2019年底,跟谁学共有232名主讲老师,3736名辅导老师。辅导老师的职责主要是:与学生和家长互动,监督学习进程,在课上回答学生的问题,课后批改作业,与主讲老师合作提高满意度和续课的比例。可以说,辅导老师承担了传统教学中劳动密集的工作。三、经营数据下面我们来看几个数字。2019年,跟谁学的收入达到21.12亿元,同比增长432.3%。其中,80.7%的收入来自K12课程,17.9%的收入来自外语、专业和兴趣教育服务,1.2%的收入来自线下咨询课程,其他收入占比不足1%。(一)2019年大班策略开始奏效2019年,公司平台的总报名人次达到了274万,增速达到了258%。平均每个K12课程的报名人数达到1200人,同比翻倍。2017-2018年,平均每个K12课程的报名人次从400增加到600,增幅并没有2019年这么明显。这说明公司的大班课策略是从2019年开始明显奏效的。(二)正价课报名人次的比例影响毛利率根据公开信息,跟谁学提到课程单价在99-4870元之间(注:K12课程)。公司也把99元以上的称为正价课,99元以下的打折或免费课程的一般用于推广和营销。2019年,正价课报名人次为218.66万,占总报名人次的79.7%。这一比例在2018年经历了比较大的下滑,在2019年又反弹回来。可想而知,2018年“白嫖”的人更多了之后,毛利率一定是更低的。2018年,毛利率只有64.1%,低于2017、2019年。2019年的毛利率达到74.7%。(三)师生比在2019年有所下降截至2019年底,跟谁学共有主讲老师232人,辅导老师3736人。相比2018年,主讲老师增加了42%,辅导老师则是增加了961%!可见,辅导老师数量是大班教学的重要配套条件。另外,前十大主讲老师贡献收入的比例从2018年的46.6%下降到了2019年的36.3%。教育行业很喜欢用的一个指标是师生比。正价课报名人次与辅导老师的比例在2019年是585,也就是说平均每个辅导老师每年负责585人次的学生。这一比例相比2018年的1569有了大幅下降,师生比对学生的留存率非常重要。另外,这个数字看上去很高,不过由于跟谁学的课程周期一般只有几个月,所以同一时间辅导的学生人数并没有那么多。(四)2018年是K12线上教学“起风”的一年2019年,跟谁学的K12收入为17.07亿元,同比增长了486.7%。在这之前,好未来(TAL.N)的线上业务收入在2019财年(注:结束于2019年2月底的年度)就达到了29.14亿元,同比增长了156.6%。而新东方在线(01797.HK)的K12收入在2019财年(注:结束于2019年5月底的年度)也达到1.59亿元,同比增长80.8%。由于好未来和新东方在线2019财年的主要部分都在2018年,所以把两者与跟谁学的2018年数据做对比(注:好未来还没有披露2020财年的线上业务数据)。2018年,新东方在线也推出了双师模式的在线直播教学模式,不过仍然是20人的小班。这项业务被称为“东方优播”,增速要快于其他K12业务。(来源:新东方在线2019财年年报)下面我们来看看跟谁学的公司架构。四、公司架构跟谁学采用的是中概股典型的VIE架构,北京百家互联科技有限公司(注:简称百家互联)是其内地经营实体。根据2019年年报,公司董事长和CEO陈向东持有46.1%的股份及89.5%的投票权。百家互联的实缴注册资本为5500万元,2018年工商报告中显示的参保人数是491人。(来源:企查查)在2019年11月披露的二次发售招股书中,百家互联共有5个并表子公司,分别是:北京跟谁学科技有限公司;北京加紫科技有限公司;北京高途云集教育科技有限公司;北京百家成蹊教育科技有限公司;上海金囿教育科技有限公司。(2019年11月二次发售招股书)其中,北京跟谁学科技实缴注册资本100万元。北京加紫科技,实缴出资额500万元。根据天眼查,加紫科技有两项业务,分别是超级志愿和babyABC英语启蒙。(来源:天眼查)这两款APP风云君在豌豆荚中都能搜到。北京高途云集实缴注册资本1000万元。另外,北京百家成蹊的实缴注册资本为500万元。风云君在拉勾网上看到,成蹊商学院是面向教培行业从业者的商学院。成蹊商学院的目的应该是为公司获取更多的师资力量。(来源:https://www.lagou.com/jobs/6786719.html?source=pl&i=pl-0&show=4821c908e5f04c0a88c83179ed64eab5)上海金囿的实缴注册资本500万元。从官网可以看出,上海金囿是一家服务于金融领域考证以及金融知识学习的公司。(来源:官网)综合上面的信息,北京百家互联、北京高途云集是公司最主要的2个运营实体,其次是北京加紫科技、北京百家成蹊和上海金囿。在2020年4月3日披露的年报中,并表的子公司增加了2家,分别是2020年1月份新收购的郑州高途云集科技有限公司,以及山东跟谁学互联科技有限公司。(来源:2019年年报)其中,郑州高途的收购代价为3.34亿元,其主要资产是2栋已完工的办公楼和1栋建设中的办公楼。总楼面面积为6.33万平方米,约合5276元每平方米。(来源:2019年年报)山东跟谁学互联成立于2020年1月,实缴注册资本5000万元。近期,跟谁学还成立了太原、武汉、浙江三家地方性子公司。以上子公司均为100%控股。另外,跟谁学还有北京优联环球教育科技有限公司、成都菁苗教育科技股份有限公司两个重要的附属公司,分别持股30%、38%。(来源:企查查,2020.05.10)北京优联由跟谁学前员工熊骁于2014年创办,目前熊骁对其持股45%,是实际控制人。陈向东直接持股10%,间接通过上市公司持股13.59%(注:考虑陈向东在上市公司的股份为46.1%),合计23.59%。(来源:企查查)北京优联的品牌叫做“家长家”,是中国最大的家长学习平台,拥有《家长家早课堂》、《家长家大课堂》等课程。最后,成都菁苗是一家亲子户外素质培养平台,成立于2016年。北京百家互联持有38%的股份,是第二大股东,其中陈向东通过上市公司间接持股17.22%。(来源:企查查)五、增长和盈利2020年一季度,跟谁学的收入为12.98亿元,同比增长382.1%。公司的增长非常快,风云君在这里使用季度数据来衡量其成长性。从季度数据中能看出一个明显的特点,季度增速是从2018年四季度开始提高到400%左右。这也与前面“大班策略于2019年开始奏效”的说法相一致。我们再来看看环比数据,并且与现金收入对比来看。现金收入说的是当期实收的学费和来自平台上老师的会员费。2020年一季度,现金收入为13.74亿元,环比下降了12.9%。同季度的营收则环比增长了38.8%。在这之前,季度现金收入还有一次环比负增长。2019年一季度,现金收入为3亿元,环比下降了5.7%,当季营收环比增长了47.7%,而次季度仅增长了31.4%,是两年多来最慢的一次。收入确认的滞后性就体现在这里。跟谁学的电话会议中说,一季度和三季度一般是公司招收新学生的时期,二季度和四季度是续费窗口期。而且一季度和三季度的付费人次相对较低,所以现金收入也会比较少。(来源:2020年一季度电话会议)而从现金收入和正价课报名人次来看,两者的走势比较一致。2020年一季度,现金收入为13.74亿元,正价课报名人次为77.4万。盈利方面,2018年三季度跟谁学首次实现季度盈利。当季营业利润率和净利润率分别为0.1%、0.7%。2018年三季度-2020年一季度,季度毛利率基本上呈上升趋势,主要是因为规模效应。同时,跟谁学的营业利润率波动较大,2019年三季度还出现了营业利润的短暂亏损。这其中最大的变量就是营销费用率。2018年一季度至今,研发费用率、一般及行政费用率基本上呈下滑趋势,营销费用率则逐渐上升。2019年三季度的营业利润亏损就是由于营销费用率达到了59.3%。财报中对此的解释是为了获得更多用户以及提高品牌知名度。(来源:2019年三季报)跟谁学未来能否持续盈利,主要看的也是营销费用率能否稳定住。相比新东方在线,跟谁学的毛利率要更高:2018、2019年,跟谁学的毛利率分别为64.1%、74.7%。新东方在线K12业务2019财年(注:截至2019年5月底的年度)毛利率只有10.0%。在风云君看来,这主要是因为两者教学方式的不同。跟谁学的模式为双师大班在线教学,新东方在线的模式仍然是小班。(来源:东方优播官网)六、现金和投资收益网上已经有很多对做空报告的解读,风云君决定用自己的方法论来看一看。由于利润表的验证难度较大,风云君决定从资产负债表和现金流量表出发。截至2019年底,跟谁学的总资产为33.95亿元。其中,现金及现金等价物为7397万元,短期投资达到14.73亿元,长期投资达到11.88亿元。三者合计27.36亿元,占总资产的80.6%,比例非常大。风云君觉得有必要考察一下这一科目。公司的短期投资和长期投资基本上都是银行的理财产品,穿透到底层资产则是债权产品。2019年四季度,跟谁学从现金及现金等价物和短期理财产品中获得的收益为1000万元。用1000万元除以季度初和季度末的现金及现金等价物和短期投资的平均值,得出的年化收益率(注:再乘以4)为3.1%。(来源:2019年四季报)2020年一季度,跟谁学从现金及现金等价物、短期投资、长期投资中获得的收益为1260万元,年化收益率约为3.2%。此处的计算忽略掉长期投资,因为从资产负债表来看,短期投资的减少幅度远大于长期投资。(来源:2020年一季报)(来源:2020年一季报)总的来说,投资收益率还算合理。另外在今年一季度的投资人电话沟通会上,跟谁学还披露了现金及现金等价物的存放银行:公司在招行、建行、北京银行、民生银行的存款共计2.23亿元,在花旗银行的美元存款合人民币3.41亿元(注:按照今年3月31日的汇率)。两者合计5.65亿元,与财报中的总数一致。另外,公司存放在招行和民生银行的短期和长期投资共计11.4亿元,在花旗银行的美元投资合人民币10.62亿元。两者合计22.02亿元,略微超过财报中的21.72亿元(注:可能是四舍五入的问题)。(来源:2020年一季报投资人电话沟通会)综合来看,公司的现金及现金等价物和长短期投资问题不大。作为一家在线教育公司,预收学费的业务特点使得其现金流表现还是很不错的。2019年,跟谁学的经营活动净现金流为12.85亿元,自由现金流为12.24亿元,在过去三年里增幅很大。而风云君翻看几家做空机构的报告,有相当一部分都在讨论刷单,但是刷单并不能使现金流出现大幅增长。另外,最近三年公司的资本开支较少。投资活动现金流的其他科目主要是购买短期、长期理财,或者理财产品到期。(来源:2019年年报)所以,风云君认为跟谁学的现金流量表问题也不大。在2019年,跟谁学回购了8670万元的股票,合1250万美元。2020年的一季报中,公司宣布了一项为期2年(注:截至2022年5月6日)的股票回购计划,总回购金额不超过1.5亿美元。是老虎还是Hello 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