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klhao1990
2022-12-05
支持瑞幸
假如瑞幸没有财务造假……
klhao1990
2022-12-05
支持美团
港交所:摩根大通买入美团2072.3万股,持股比例增加到5.04%
klhao1990
2021-01-15
现在出入金方便吗
klhao1990
2020-04-24
说说你对这篇新闻的看法...
程实:美股会否二次探底?
klhao1990
2019-11-22
$蔚来(NIO)$
建设银行入美元怎么入不了了,你们现在都怎么入金
klhao1990
2019-06-29
建行入港币行吗,能入成功吗
klhao1990
2019-05-20
$瑞幸咖啡(LK)$ 上市多长时间可以做空
klhao1990
2019-05-17
$瑞幸咖啡(LK)$ 怎么不能做空
klhao1990
2019-03-22
$蔚来(NIO)$ 蔚来最困难的时期还在后面,特斯拉国产化之后比蔚来还便宜,大家是买特斯拉还是蔚来,我想绝大多数人都会买特斯拉
klhao1990
2019-03-20
$老虎证券(TIGR)$ 破发了
klhao1990
2019-03-20
$蔚来(NIO)$ 最近只是超跌反弹,目前还处于下降通道
klhao1990
2018-10-08
$蔚来汽车(NIO)$ 感觉十多年的美股牛市快走到头了,随时可能崩盘
klhao1990
2018-09-12
$蔚来汽车(NIO)$ 毫不犹豫的空它
klhao1990
2018-09-12
$蔚来汽车(NIO)$ 跟特斯拉一样,做空的极佳标的
klhao1990
2018-08-13
$好未来(TAL)$ 好未来今年为什么不分红?
klhao1990
2018-06-14
做空报告的其他部分什么时候出来
$好未来(TAL)$ 做空报告的其他部分什么时候出来,昨晚的做空报告只是一个开始
做空报告的其他部分什么时候出来
klhao1990
2018-06-13
这一二天不宜结飞刀
$好未来(TAL)$ 如题
这一二天不宜结飞刀
klhao1990
2018-06-13
浑水做空了好未来
$好未来(TAL)$ 浑水要做空好未来
浑水做空了好未来
klhao1990
2018-03-29
未来六个月,我看空到12美元
$爱奇艺(IQ)$ 未来六个月,我看空到12美元
未来六个月,我看空到12美元
klhao1990
2018-03-29
别忘了搜狗的教训
$爱奇艺(IQ)$ 别急着接盘,别忘了搜狗的教训
别忘了搜狗的教训
去老虎APP查看更多动态
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13:03","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"假如瑞幸没有财务造假……","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2289360138","media":"品玩","summary":"市场终于等来了瑞幸三季度的财报:单季度营收增长65.7%、达38.9亿人民币;净新开门店651家,门店总数达到7846家;月均交易客户数同比增长70.5%,达到2510万。如此大的规模,自营同店销售还","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>市场终于等来了瑞幸三季度的财报:</p><p>单季度营收增长65.7%、达38.9亿人民币;净新开门店651家,门店总数达到7846家;月均交易客户数同比增长70.5%,达到2510万。如此大的规模,自营同店销售还增长19.4%。</p><p>连过去一直凶险的利润率,如今都显得如此和善——营业利润率首次突破两位数,达15.0%,单季利润突破了5亿。</p><p>从地狱到天堂,瑞幸只用了一年半。</p><p>在线下连锁企业面露难色的时候,瑞幸财报好似在中专学校里逆袭考上了清华。但如果紧跟瑞幸发展的人知道,瑞幸本季度的强势复苏其实在意料之中。而这个看起来亮眼的作业,甚至还没有达到“班主任”的预期:</p><p>财报公布后,瑞幸在粉单市场的次日股价反而应声下跌了4.5%。</p><p>资本市场的脸像是三四月天。在一年前他们还将瑞幸看得一毛不值,今天却又开始嫌弃好看的财报不够惊艳;一年前,瑞幸还是他们眼里中概股暴跌的罪人,今天却又将他视作中国餐饮行业的大白马。</p><p>雪湖资本(疑似瑞幸做空门的幕后推手)如今拿出了一份厚厚的看多瑞幸的报告,报告中将<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LUCKIN\">瑞幸咖啡</a>化饮品的成功与日本威士忌、低度苏打酒等并列为饮料行业几大经典“饮料化”案例。雪湖创始人马自铭表示自己已经拿出了15%的资产配置押注瑞幸,估值剑指147亿美金(约为陆正耀泡沫鼎盛时期的1.5倍)。而至于瑞幸是否会超越<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBUX\">星巴克</a>?</p><p>“只是时间问题”,马自铭说。</p><h2>被遗忘和被想起的瑞幸</h2><p>在很多投资人眼中,瑞幸几乎已经是一个带有“原罪性”的标签。它几乎代表了一个“互联网”项目所能到达的最疯狂的地方,一个即便是亚当·诺依曼(<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WE\">WeWork</a>创始人)转世投胎也难以完成的“壮举”:</p><p>以疯狂的方式增长,以更疯狂的方式谢幕,死亡甚至比增长还要轰轰烈烈。</p><p>瑞幸承认财务造假后,B站创作者“半佛仙人”用近乎荒诞的表达方式,翻述了浑水的做空报告。视频将瑞幸称作是“暴打资本主义韭菜”的“民族之光”,在全网获得了亿级的流量传播。</p><p>瑞幸一夜之间成为了中国最知名的连锁公司——连小学生都在讨论瑞幸“咖啡骗局”的背后,是否真的是美国资本太过“天真”。</p><p>而在大洋彼岸,瑞幸以一己之力开启了中概股的漫漫长夜。上万亿美元的中概市值在其后两年时间里随风消逝,被一同击碎的还有无数互联网打工人“提前退休”的美梦。</p><p><b>1.8折的Luckin,最终成了这个时代最贵的一杯咖啡。</b></p><p>而无论是“中国安然”、“民族之光”、“商业奇迹”,这些都是瑞幸,它们在大约两年宽度的舆论场中达成了一种奇妙的共生关系。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bbd0ff1fed2681fbe8bb0e9f39e9352b\" tg-width=\"750\" tg-height=\"506\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:网络</p><p>品玩办公室园区里至今还留着一台“瑞即购”,即瑞幸在2020年初推出的无人零售机。</p><p>无人零售业务被认为是“老瑞幸”时代最后的挣扎与狂欢,让瑞幸一度登上了百亿美金俱乐部。不少人至今还记得钱治亚两手托举着瑞幸“卧龙凤雏”两大无人零售终端业务,在巨大的舞台中央风光无两。言辞间充斥着“主流人群”、“飞轮效应”的种种大词,躁动着那些跟瑞幸一起红了眼的散户。</p><p>但好处也是显而易见的,它总能及时送上一些廉价而快速的咖啡因慰藉——老实讲,这台机子出奶的质量有时不稳定,你相对能信任一点的也就是咖啡因了。</p><p><b>它被放在一个便利店长长货柜的最后面,被店家用来当做某种提高进店流量的工具。</b>每次去取完手上那个熟悉的小蓝杯,你心里总会想:原来这个世界都早已经忘记了陆正耀,但这个小机子还记得。</p><p>这就是那时瑞幸的味道:<b>一种用流量做糖精的苦咖啡味,高举着并不算太醇厚的咖啡原教旨主义大旗。</b></p><p>只是当年瑞幸的前台有私域裂变流量池,而如今瑞幸的前台有花生瓜子方便面。</p><p>后者褪去了互联网魔幻的光芒,但也代表了一种商业上更加务实的姿态——无论是奶茶、下沉、加盟、还是这家位于便利店角落里的终端机,它们都是这种“新老瑞幸”在密集时空交汇之后的最佳代表。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/675f0598de290a15fd1753aaa85efe11\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"362\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:网络</p><p>2020年1月8日瑞幸咖啡无人零售战略发布会,距离东窗事发还有三个月</p><p>从业务表现上来看,新老瑞幸”成功变成了一个平行宇宙中瑞幸的AB两面:</p><p>门店数量超过了7800家,相比2020年初翻倍,达到星巴克中国1.3倍;营收增长了3.4倍,接近星巴克中国80%;加盟门店规模翻了5倍,从500+家变成2500+家;</p><p>最畅销的单品从拿铁变成了生椰拿铁,后者1年卖了1亿杯;主力消费人群从白领“主流人群”,开始向学生与下沉市场迁移;</p><p>无人零售与小鹿茶业务重要性被大幅下放,1.8折券等过度折扣也不见了;</p><p>“流量池”从APP活跃变成了小程序与企业微信群;</p><p><b>换言之,瑞幸从一家“互联网咖啡”公司,彻底变成了一家“互联网营销设施做得还行”的大型饮品连锁。</b></p><h2>瑞幸必须造假?</h2><p>但如果仅仅用以上的变化来概括瑞幸的变化,或许是不够的,至少它们都不是“新瑞幸”自己的专利。</p><p>在2019年时,瑞幸也都不断试水奶茶化的咖啡饮品尝试,加入了波霸、黑糖、气泡水等许多饮品华的产品线丰富自己的单品菜单;4月,瑞幸还直接推出了子品牌小鹿茶,进入奶茶赛道并开启了下沉招商模式;而到了年底,瑞幸主品牌也开始了低线城市的招商。</p><p><b>换言之,现在被大家不断议论的产品尝试、伟大的商业奇迹,其实都一直躺在“老瑞幸”的选择方案里。但最终陆正耀没有坚决地拾起他们。</b></p><p>浑水的做空报告实际为当年陆正耀的选择提供了一部分答案:</p><p>管理层将大约49%的瑞幸股票进行了质押。</p><p>2019年,陆正耀几乎倾尽了所有资源来扶持宝沃汽车的发展:39.7亿元收购款;神州系大力直采并不匹配网约车场景的宝沃SUV;原来挂满了汤唯小蓝杯视频的电梯间又全部换成了郎永淳点赞的宝沃。</p><p>在年底时,这位“汽车中的瑞幸”只用了一年时间就几乎拖垮了陆正耀。这意味着陆正耀在几乎无法承受瑞幸二级市场波动带来的损失。</p><p>一方面,他比任何时候都需要保护咖啡故事的羽毛:</p><p>咖啡公司是有明确估值对标的,即超过1000亿美金的星巴克。但奶茶公司在当时却没有一个足够好的估值锚点。这种过高的投资者教育成本,这让瑞幸始终不敢站在品牌层面去推动“饮品化”的转型。</p><p>相比于动辄包大会场的业务发布会,瑞幸给饮品化咖啡饮料的露出非常有限。</p><p>另一方面,产品与加盟带来的业务变化速度很慢:</p><p>改善公司财务指标既然不是陆正耀的第一决策顺位。既然这些变化对“故事”没有帮助,那陆正耀必然要寻找更“刺激”的选项。</p><p>因此瑞幸管理层最后选择了一条不归路:</p><p>用看似更加性感的无界零售来推高股价,然后再用财务造假的方式来粉饰太平,于是也就有了开头钱治亚大谈无人零售的那一幕。而通过不断获得更高的估值,陆正耀事实上可以从瑞幸中抵押出更多的弹药,来加码不断亏损的汽车战争。</p><p>或许有人觉得财务造假后,在高速增长下,接下来的时间可以将数字再腾挪回来。但Covid-19最终结束了一切。瑞幸的价值接近归零,陆正耀最终失去了一切。</p><p>“千店瑞幸”的正确打开方式绝不是甲级写字楼中西装革履的“主流人群”,疯狂的流量裂变抵不过一杯国民级的椰咖产品。对标星巴克是一个传播学上的巨大成功,却最终成为一个业务战略上的惨痛失败。</p><p>你可以说陆正耀是中国版的诺依曼,又或者诺依曼是加州的陆正耀,都无妨。</p><p>两人重要的区别大概在于,陆正耀没有自己的孙正义。或许更准确地说,陆正耀想要当自己的孙正义,但他失败了。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95b56ddc2a0ee046cba3398413cb2953\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:网络</p><h2>假如瑞幸没有造假</h2><p>或许很多人在某个阳光明媚的下午端起小蓝杯时,都曾经设想过,如果瑞幸当初没有造假,世界会不会哪怕好那么一点点?</p><p>对于投资者来说,中概股审计底稿的纠纷可能不会发生,或者晚几年发生;对于瑞幸来说,接受客观的业务现实,可以让企业少走很多弯路;而对于陆正耀来说,他现在或许还是可以和安踏丁世忠竞争的厦门首富。</p><p>但我们可能更该提出一个更加起点的问题,“如何才能让‘瑞幸们’不造假?”</p><p><b>从起步时O2O式的“估值创业”,到“汽车瑞幸”宝沃横空出世时达到高潮,再以财务造假东窗事发作为终局。</b>瑞幸完美地展现了一个项目,在“反常识”般的急功近利下,如何从一个不错的项目切口、逐步变成了一个让所有人“失智”的谎言——当一个项目被商业计划书捆住的时候,又怎么会有成功的可能呢?</p><p>而更有意思的是,当瑞幸数千家门店规模的业务,从当一个被资本逻辑绑架的公司最终回归到正常的现金流和真实的消费者世界时,它又竟然能再次展现出意料之外的生命力。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6c94a4056c3a8f2f57a9c6c6a8b61252\" tg-width=\"690\" tg-height=\"391\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:瑞幸广告片</p><p>如今再也没有什么快消品企业,会像曾经的瑞幸那样开发布会了,喧嚣的世界又归于平静。</p><p>直到最近又出现了陆正耀的新咖啡项目。</p><p>在预制菜与小面兜兜转转了一圈以后,陆正耀再次与钱治亚联手推出了新咖啡项目Cotti Coffee。官网页几乎和瑞幸用了同一个网页模板,创始人陆正耀的简介页面里写着“2016年十大经济年度人物”。首页梅西海报下写着长长的说明,“阿根廷国家足球队中国区赞助商”。</p><p>Cotti的名字声称取材于意大利佐食,代表一种“泛咖啡化的生活方式”(很难不让人想起瑞幸“喝的是咖啡还是咖啡馆”的宣言)。</p><p>不过这一次,陆正耀的商业模式又换了一个新思路:</p><p><b>“全部联营、不做直营”</b></p><p>原来真正走到瑞幸背面的人,其实是陆正耀。</p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>假如瑞幸没有财务造假……</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n假如瑞幸没有财务造假……\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1086141561\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/b02e1edb8fd87972c9239aa3a01b9bc8);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">品玩 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2022-12-05 13:03</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body><p>市场终于等来了瑞幸三季度的财报:</p><p>单季度营收增长65.7%、达38.9亿人民币;净新开门店651家,门店总数达到7846家;月均交易客户数同比增长70.5%,达到2510万。如此大的规模,自营同店销售还增长19.4%。</p><p>连过去一直凶险的利润率,如今都显得如此和善——营业利润率首次突破两位数,达15.0%,单季利润突破了5亿。</p><p>从地狱到天堂,瑞幸只用了一年半。</p><p>在线下连锁企业面露难色的时候,瑞幸财报好似在中专学校里逆袭考上了清华。但如果紧跟瑞幸发展的人知道,瑞幸本季度的强势复苏其实在意料之中。而这个看起来亮眼的作业,甚至还没有达到“班主任”的预期:</p><p>财报公布后,瑞幸在粉单市场的次日股价反而应声下跌了4.5%。</p><p>资本市场的脸像是三四月天。在一年前他们还将瑞幸看得一毛不值,今天却又开始嫌弃好看的财报不够惊艳;一年前,瑞幸还是他们眼里中概股暴跌的罪人,今天却又将他视作中国餐饮行业的大白马。</p><p>雪湖资本(疑似瑞幸做空门的幕后推手)如今拿出了一份厚厚的看多瑞幸的报告,报告中将<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LUCKIN\">瑞幸咖啡</a>化饮品的成功与日本威士忌、低度苏打酒等并列为饮料行业几大经典“饮料化”案例。雪湖创始人马自铭表示自己已经拿出了15%的资产配置押注瑞幸,估值剑指147亿美金(约为陆正耀泡沫鼎盛时期的1.5倍)。而至于瑞幸是否会超越<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SBUX\">星巴克</a>?</p><p>“只是时间问题”,马自铭说。</p><h2>被遗忘和被想起的瑞幸</h2><p>在很多投资人眼中,瑞幸几乎已经是一个带有“原罪性”的标签。它几乎代表了一个“互联网”项目所能到达的最疯狂的地方,一个即便是亚当·诺依曼(<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WE\">WeWork</a>创始人)转世投胎也难以完成的“壮举”:</p><p>以疯狂的方式增长,以更疯狂的方式谢幕,死亡甚至比增长还要轰轰烈烈。</p><p>瑞幸承认财务造假后,B站创作者“半佛仙人”用近乎荒诞的表达方式,翻述了浑水的做空报告。视频将瑞幸称作是“暴打资本主义韭菜”的“民族之光”,在全网获得了亿级的流量传播。</p><p>瑞幸一夜之间成为了中国最知名的连锁公司——连小学生都在讨论瑞幸“咖啡骗局”的背后,是否真的是美国资本太过“天真”。</p><p>而在大洋彼岸,瑞幸以一己之力开启了中概股的漫漫长夜。上万亿美元的中概市值在其后两年时间里随风消逝,被一同击碎的还有无数互联网打工人“提前退休”的美梦。</p><p><b>1.8折的Luckin,最终成了这个时代最贵的一杯咖啡。</b></p><p>而无论是“中国安然”、“民族之光”、“商业奇迹”,这些都是瑞幸,它们在大约两年宽度的舆论场中达成了一种奇妙的共生关系。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bbd0ff1fed2681fbe8bb0e9f39e9352b\" tg-width=\"750\" tg-height=\"506\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:网络</p><p>品玩办公室园区里至今还留着一台“瑞即购”,即瑞幸在2020年初推出的无人零售机。</p><p>无人零售业务被认为是“老瑞幸”时代最后的挣扎与狂欢,让瑞幸一度登上了百亿美金俱乐部。不少人至今还记得钱治亚两手托举着瑞幸“卧龙凤雏”两大无人零售终端业务,在巨大的舞台中央风光无两。言辞间充斥着“主流人群”、“飞轮效应”的种种大词,躁动着那些跟瑞幸一起红了眼的散户。</p><p>但好处也是显而易见的,它总能及时送上一些廉价而快速的咖啡因慰藉——老实讲,这台机子出奶的质量有时不稳定,你相对能信任一点的也就是咖啡因了。</p><p><b>它被放在一个便利店长长货柜的最后面,被店家用来当做某种提高进店流量的工具。</b>每次去取完手上那个熟悉的小蓝杯,你心里总会想:原来这个世界都早已经忘记了陆正耀,但这个小机子还记得。</p><p>这就是那时瑞幸的味道:<b>一种用流量做糖精的苦咖啡味,高举着并不算太醇厚的咖啡原教旨主义大旗。</b></p><p>只是当年瑞幸的前台有私域裂变流量池,而如今瑞幸的前台有花生瓜子方便面。</p><p>后者褪去了互联网魔幻的光芒,但也代表了一种商业上更加务实的姿态——无论是奶茶、下沉、加盟、还是这家位于便利店角落里的终端机,它们都是这种“新老瑞幸”在密集时空交汇之后的最佳代表。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/675f0598de290a15fd1753aaa85efe11\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"362\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:网络</p><p>2020年1月8日瑞幸咖啡无人零售战略发布会,距离东窗事发还有三个月</p><p>从业务表现上来看,新老瑞幸”成功变成了一个平行宇宙中瑞幸的AB两面:</p><p>门店数量超过了7800家,相比2020年初翻倍,达到星巴克中国1.3倍;营收增长了3.4倍,接近星巴克中国80%;加盟门店规模翻了5倍,从500+家变成2500+家;</p><p>最畅销的单品从拿铁变成了生椰拿铁,后者1年卖了1亿杯;主力消费人群从白领“主流人群”,开始向学生与下沉市场迁移;</p><p>无人零售与小鹿茶业务重要性被大幅下放,1.8折券等过度折扣也不见了;</p><p>“流量池”从APP活跃变成了小程序与企业微信群;</p><p><b>换言之,瑞幸从一家“互联网咖啡”公司,彻底变成了一家“互联网营销设施做得还行”的大型饮品连锁。</b></p><h2>瑞幸必须造假?</h2><p>但如果仅仅用以上的变化来概括瑞幸的变化,或许是不够的,至少它们都不是“新瑞幸”自己的专利。</p><p>在2019年时,瑞幸也都不断试水奶茶化的咖啡饮品尝试,加入了波霸、黑糖、气泡水等许多饮品华的产品线丰富自己的单品菜单;4月,瑞幸还直接推出了子品牌小鹿茶,进入奶茶赛道并开启了下沉招商模式;而到了年底,瑞幸主品牌也开始了低线城市的招商。</p><p><b>换言之,现在被大家不断议论的产品尝试、伟大的商业奇迹,其实都一直躺在“老瑞幸”的选择方案里。但最终陆正耀没有坚决地拾起他们。</b></p><p>浑水的做空报告实际为当年陆正耀的选择提供了一部分答案:</p><p>管理层将大约49%的瑞幸股票进行了质押。</p><p>2019年,陆正耀几乎倾尽了所有资源来扶持宝沃汽车的发展:39.7亿元收购款;神州系大力直采并不匹配网约车场景的宝沃SUV;原来挂满了汤唯小蓝杯视频的电梯间又全部换成了郎永淳点赞的宝沃。</p><p>在年底时,这位“汽车中的瑞幸”只用了一年时间就几乎拖垮了陆正耀。这意味着陆正耀在几乎无法承受瑞幸二级市场波动带来的损失。</p><p>一方面,他比任何时候都需要保护咖啡故事的羽毛:</p><p>咖啡公司是有明确估值对标的,即超过1000亿美金的星巴克。但奶茶公司在当时却没有一个足够好的估值锚点。这种过高的投资者教育成本,这让瑞幸始终不敢站在品牌层面去推动“饮品化”的转型。</p><p>相比于动辄包大会场的业务发布会,瑞幸给饮品化咖啡饮料的露出非常有限。</p><p>另一方面,产品与加盟带来的业务变化速度很慢:</p><p>改善公司财务指标既然不是陆正耀的第一决策顺位。既然这些变化对“故事”没有帮助,那陆正耀必然要寻找更“刺激”的选项。</p><p>因此瑞幸管理层最后选择了一条不归路:</p><p>用看似更加性感的无界零售来推高股价,然后再用财务造假的方式来粉饰太平,于是也就有了开头钱治亚大谈无人零售的那一幕。而通过不断获得更高的估值,陆正耀事实上可以从瑞幸中抵押出更多的弹药,来加码不断亏损的汽车战争。</p><p>或许有人觉得财务造假后,在高速增长下,接下来的时间可以将数字再腾挪回来。但Covid-19最终结束了一切。瑞幸的价值接近归零,陆正耀最终失去了一切。</p><p>“千店瑞幸”的正确打开方式绝不是甲级写字楼中西装革履的“主流人群”,疯狂的流量裂变抵不过一杯国民级的椰咖产品。对标星巴克是一个传播学上的巨大成功,却最终成为一个业务战略上的惨痛失败。</p><p>你可以说陆正耀是中国版的诺依曼,又或者诺依曼是加州的陆正耀,都无妨。</p><p>两人重要的区别大概在于,陆正耀没有自己的孙正义。或许更准确地说,陆正耀想要当自己的孙正义,但他失败了。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95b56ddc2a0ee046cba3398413cb2953\" tg-width=\"640\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:网络</p><h2>假如瑞幸没有造假</h2><p>或许很多人在某个阳光明媚的下午端起小蓝杯时,都曾经设想过,如果瑞幸当初没有造假,世界会不会哪怕好那么一点点?</p><p>对于投资者来说,中概股审计底稿的纠纷可能不会发生,或者晚几年发生;对于瑞幸来说,接受客观的业务现实,可以让企业少走很多弯路;而对于陆正耀来说,他现在或许还是可以和安踏丁世忠竞争的厦门首富。</p><p>但我们可能更该提出一个更加起点的问题,“如何才能让‘瑞幸们’不造假?”</p><p><b>从起步时O2O式的“估值创业”,到“汽车瑞幸”宝沃横空出世时达到高潮,再以财务造假东窗事发作为终局。</b>瑞幸完美地展现了一个项目,在“反常识”般的急功近利下,如何从一个不错的项目切口、逐步变成了一个让所有人“失智”的谎言——当一个项目被商业计划书捆住的时候,又怎么会有成功的可能呢?</p><p>而更有意思的是,当瑞幸数千家门店规模的业务,从当一个被资本逻辑绑架的公司最终回归到正常的现金流和真实的消费者世界时,它又竟然能再次展现出意料之外的生命力。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6c94a4056c3a8f2f57a9c6c6a8b61252\" tg-width=\"690\" tg-height=\"391\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>图源:瑞幸广告片</p><p>如今再也没有什么快消品企业,会像曾经的瑞幸那样开发布会了,喧嚣的世界又归于平静。</p><p>直到最近又出现了陆正耀的新咖啡项目。</p><p>在预制菜与小面兜兜转转了一圈以后,陆正耀再次与钱治亚联手推出了新咖啡项目Cotti Coffee。官网页几乎和瑞幸用了同一个网页模板,创始人陆正耀的简介页面里写着“2016年十大经济年度人物”。首页梅西海报下写着长长的说明,“阿根廷国家足球队中国区赞助商”。</p><p>Cotti的名字声称取材于意大利佐食,代表一种“泛咖啡化的生活方式”(很难不让人想起瑞幸“喝的是咖啡还是咖啡馆”的宣言)。</p><p>不过这一次,陆正耀的商业模式又换了一个新思路:</p><p><b>“全部联营、不做直营”</b></p><p>原来真正走到瑞幸背面的人,其实是陆正耀。</p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3d12f820102df1859c1d25e4011ee104","relate_stocks":{"LKNCY":"瑞幸咖啡"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2289360138","content_text":"市场终于等来了瑞幸三季度的财报:单季度营收增长65.7%、达38.9亿人民币;净新开门店651家,门店总数达到7846家;月均交易客户数同比增长70.5%,达到2510万。如此大的规模,自营同店销售还增长19.4%。连过去一直凶险的利润率,如今都显得如此和善——营业利润率首次突破两位数,达15.0%,单季利润突破了5亿。从地狱到天堂,瑞幸只用了一年半。在线下连锁企业面露难色的时候,瑞幸财报好似在中专学校里逆袭考上了清华。但如果紧跟瑞幸发展的人知道,瑞幸本季度的强势复苏其实在意料之中。而这个看起来亮眼的作业,甚至还没有达到“班主任”的预期:财报公布后,瑞幸在粉单市场的次日股价反而应声下跌了4.5%。资本市场的脸像是三四月天。在一年前他们还将瑞幸看得一毛不值,今天却又开始嫌弃好看的财报不够惊艳;一年前,瑞幸还是他们眼里中概股暴跌的罪人,今天却又将他视作中国餐饮行业的大白马。雪湖资本(疑似瑞幸做空门的幕后推手)如今拿出了一份厚厚的看多瑞幸的报告,报告中将瑞幸咖啡化饮品的成功与日本威士忌、低度苏打酒等并列为饮料行业几大经典“饮料化”案例。雪湖创始人马自铭表示自己已经拿出了15%的资产配置押注瑞幸,估值剑指147亿美金(约为陆正耀泡沫鼎盛时期的1.5倍)。而至于瑞幸是否会超越星巴克?“只是时间问题”,马自铭说。被遗忘和被想起的瑞幸在很多投资人眼中,瑞幸几乎已经是一个带有“原罪性”的标签。它几乎代表了一个“互联网”项目所能到达的最疯狂的地方,一个即便是亚当·诺依曼(WeWork创始人)转世投胎也难以完成的“壮举”:以疯狂的方式增长,以更疯狂的方式谢幕,死亡甚至比增长还要轰轰烈烈。瑞幸承认财务造假后,B站创作者“半佛仙人”用近乎荒诞的表达方式,翻述了浑水的做空报告。视频将瑞幸称作是“暴打资本主义韭菜”的“民族之光”,在全网获得了亿级的流量传播。瑞幸一夜之间成为了中国最知名的连锁公司——连小学生都在讨论瑞幸“咖啡骗局”的背后,是否真的是美国资本太过“天真”。而在大洋彼岸,瑞幸以一己之力开启了中概股的漫漫长夜。上万亿美元的中概市值在其后两年时间里随风消逝,被一同击碎的还有无数互联网打工人“提前退休”的美梦。1.8折的Luckin,最终成了这个时代最贵的一杯咖啡。而无论是“中国安然”、“民族之光”、“商业奇迹”,这些都是瑞幸,它们在大约两年宽度的舆论场中达成了一种奇妙的共生关系。图源:网络品玩办公室园区里至今还留着一台“瑞即购”,即瑞幸在2020年初推出的无人零售机。无人零售业务被认为是“老瑞幸”时代最后的挣扎与狂欢,让瑞幸一度登上了百亿美金俱乐部。不少人至今还记得钱治亚两手托举着瑞幸“卧龙凤雏”两大无人零售终端业务,在巨大的舞台中央风光无两。言辞间充斥着“主流人群”、“飞轮效应”的种种大词,躁动着那些跟瑞幸一起红了眼的散户。但好处也是显而易见的,它总能及时送上一些廉价而快速的咖啡因慰藉——老实讲,这台机子出奶的质量有时不稳定,你相对能信任一点的也就是咖啡因了。它被放在一个便利店长长货柜的最后面,被店家用来当做某种提高进店流量的工具。每次去取完手上那个熟悉的小蓝杯,你心里总会想:原来这个世界都早已经忘记了陆正耀,但这个小机子还记得。这就是那时瑞幸的味道:一种用流量做糖精的苦咖啡味,高举着并不算太醇厚的咖啡原教旨主义大旗。只是当年瑞幸的前台有私域裂变流量池,而如今瑞幸的前台有花生瓜子方便面。后者褪去了互联网魔幻的光芒,但也代表了一种商业上更加务实的姿态——无论是奶茶、下沉、加盟、还是这家位于便利店角落里的终端机,它们都是这种“新老瑞幸”在密集时空交汇之后的最佳代表。图源:网络2020年1月8日瑞幸咖啡无人零售战略发布会,距离东窗事发还有三个月从业务表现上来看,新老瑞幸”成功变成了一个平行宇宙中瑞幸的AB两面:门店数量超过了7800家,相比2020年初翻倍,达到星巴克中国1.3倍;营收增长了3.4倍,接近星巴克中国80%;加盟门店规模翻了5倍,从500+家变成2500+家;最畅销的单品从拿铁变成了生椰拿铁,后者1年卖了1亿杯;主力消费人群从白领“主流人群”,开始向学生与下沉市场迁移;无人零售与小鹿茶业务重要性被大幅下放,1.8折券等过度折扣也不见了;“流量池”从APP活跃变成了小程序与企业微信群;换言之,瑞幸从一家“互联网咖啡”公司,彻底变成了一家“互联网营销设施做得还行”的大型饮品连锁。瑞幸必须造假?但如果仅仅用以上的变化来概括瑞幸的变化,或许是不够的,至少它们都不是“新瑞幸”自己的专利。在2019年时,瑞幸也都不断试水奶茶化的咖啡饮品尝试,加入了波霸、黑糖、气泡水等许多饮品华的产品线丰富自己的单品菜单;4月,瑞幸还直接推出了子品牌小鹿茶,进入奶茶赛道并开启了下沉招商模式;而到了年底,瑞幸主品牌也开始了低线城市的招商。换言之,现在被大家不断议论的产品尝试、伟大的商业奇迹,其实都一直躺在“老瑞幸”的选择方案里。但最终陆正耀没有坚决地拾起他们。浑水的做空报告实际为当年陆正耀的选择提供了一部分答案:管理层将大约49%的瑞幸股票进行了质押。2019年,陆正耀几乎倾尽了所有资源来扶持宝沃汽车的发展:39.7亿元收购款;神州系大力直采并不匹配网约车场景的宝沃SUV;原来挂满了汤唯小蓝杯视频的电梯间又全部换成了郎永淳点赞的宝沃。在年底时,这位“汽车中的瑞幸”只用了一年时间就几乎拖垮了陆正耀。这意味着陆正耀在几乎无法承受瑞幸二级市场波动带来的损失。一方面,他比任何时候都需要保护咖啡故事的羽毛:咖啡公司是有明确估值对标的,即超过1000亿美金的星巴克。但奶茶公司在当时却没有一个足够好的估值锚点。这种过高的投资者教育成本,这让瑞幸始终不敢站在品牌层面去推动“饮品化”的转型。相比于动辄包大会场的业务发布会,瑞幸给饮品化咖啡饮料的露出非常有限。另一方面,产品与加盟带来的业务变化速度很慢:改善公司财务指标既然不是陆正耀的第一决策顺位。既然这些变化对“故事”没有帮助,那陆正耀必然要寻找更“刺激”的选项。因此瑞幸管理层最后选择了一条不归路:用看似更加性感的无界零售来推高股价,然后再用财务造假的方式来粉饰太平,于是也就有了开头钱治亚大谈无人零售的那一幕。而通过不断获得更高的估值,陆正耀事实上可以从瑞幸中抵押出更多的弹药,来加码不断亏损的汽车战争。或许有人觉得财务造假后,在高速增长下,接下来的时间可以将数字再腾挪回来。但Covid-19最终结束了一切。瑞幸的价值接近归零,陆正耀最终失去了一切。“千店瑞幸”的正确打开方式绝不是甲级写字楼中西装革履的“主流人群”,疯狂的流量裂变抵不过一杯国民级的椰咖产品。对标星巴克是一个传播学上的巨大成功,却最终成为一个业务战略上的惨痛失败。你可以说陆正耀是中国版的诺依曼,又或者诺依曼是加州的陆正耀,都无妨。两人重要的区别大概在于,陆正耀没有自己的孙正义。或许更准确地说,陆正耀想要当自己的孙正义,但他失败了。图源:网络假如瑞幸没有造假或许很多人在某个阳光明媚的下午端起小蓝杯时,都曾经设想过,如果瑞幸当初没有造假,世界会不会哪怕好那么一点点?对于投资者来说,中概股审计底稿的纠纷可能不会发生,或者晚几年发生;对于瑞幸来说,接受客观的业务现实,可以让企业少走很多弯路;而对于陆正耀来说,他现在或许还是可以和安踏丁世忠竞争的厦门首富。但我们可能更该提出一个更加起点的问题,“如何才能让‘瑞幸们’不造假?”从起步时O2O式的“估值创业”,到“汽车瑞幸”宝沃横空出世时达到高潮,再以财务造假东窗事发作为终局。瑞幸完美地展现了一个项目,在“反常识”般的急功近利下,如何从一个不错的项目切口、逐步变成了一个让所有人“失智”的谎言——当一个项目被商业计划书捆住的时候,又怎么会有成功的可能呢?而更有意思的是,当瑞幸数千家门店规模的业务,从当一个被资本逻辑绑架的公司最终回归到正常的现金流和真实的消费者世界时,它又竟然能再次展现出意料之外的生命力。图源:瑞幸广告片如今再也没有什么快消品企业,会像曾经的瑞幸那样开发布会了,喧嚣的世界又归于平静。直到最近又出现了陆正耀的新咖啡项目。在预制菜与小面兜兜转转了一圈以后,陆正耀再次与钱治亚联手推出了新咖啡项目Cotti Coffee。官网页几乎和瑞幸用了同一个网页模板,创始人陆正耀的简介页面里写着“2016年十大经济年度人物”。首页梅西海报下写着长长的说明,“阿根廷国家足球队中国区赞助商”。Cotti的名字声称取材于意大利佐食,代表一种“泛咖啡化的生活方式”(很难不让人想起瑞幸“喝的是咖啡还是咖啡馆”的宣言)。不过这一次,陆正耀的商业模式又换了一个新思路:“全部联营、不做直营”原来真正走到瑞幸背面的人,其实是陆正耀。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":815,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":629335573,"gmtCreate":1670251387992,"gmtModify":1670251389681,"author":{"id":"3454571538189104","authorId":"3454571538189104","name":"klhao1990","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4c234b2f9593ad75421fa31fd7f3106f","crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3454571538189104","idStr":"3454571538189104"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"支持美团","listText":"支持美团","text":"支持美团","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/629335573","repostId":"1120890821","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1120890821","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据,旨在帮助投资者理解世界,做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1670231816,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1120890821?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2022-12-05 17:16","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"港交所:摩根大通买入美团2072.3万股,持股比例增加到5.04%","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1120890821","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"据港交所披露文件:11月29日,摩根大通以每股149.1982港元的均价买入美团2072.3万股H股,持股比例从4.67%增加到5.04%。","content":"<html><head></head><body><p>据港交所披露文件:11月29日,摩根大通以每股149.1982港元的均价买入美团2072.3万股H股,持股比例从4.67%增加到5.04%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3d185fa070e2f2b64aae398f2ba47fd2\" tg-width=\"934\" tg-height=\"399\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p></body></html>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>港交所:摩根大通买入美团2072.3万股,持股比例增加到5.04%</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n港交所:摩根大通买入美团2072.3万股,持股比例增加到5.04%\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2022-12-05 17:16</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body><p>据港交所披露文件:11月29日,摩根大通以每股149.1982港元的均价买入美团2072.3万股H股,持股比例从4.67%增加到5.04%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3d185fa070e2f2b64aae398f2ba47fd2\" tg-width=\"934\" tg-height=\"399\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/></p></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e1238455e09ac8d1135014cb37eb0f4d","relate_stocks":{"03690":"美团-W"},"source_url":"","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1120890821","content_text":"据港交所披露文件:11月29日,摩根大通以每股149.1982港元的均价买入美团2072.3万股H股,持股比例从4.67%增加到5.04%。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1221,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":334328868,"gmtCreate":1610708229954,"gmtModify":1703746428944,"author":{"id":"3454571538189104","authorId":"3454571538189104","name":"klhao1990","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4c234b2f9593ad75421fa31fd7f3106f","crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3454571538189104","idStr":"3454571538189104"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"现在出入金方便吗","listText":"现在出入金方便吗","text":"现在出入金方便吗","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/334328868","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":913,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":925902163,"gmtCreate":1587729523552,"gmtModify":1704365415163,"author":{"id":"3454571538189104","authorId":"3454571538189104","name":"klhao1990","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4c234b2f9593ad75421fa31fd7f3106f","crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3454571538189104","idStr":"3454571538189104"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"说说你对这篇新闻的看法...","listText":"说说你对这篇新闻的看法...","text":"说说你对这篇新闻的看法...","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/925902163","repostId":"2029074867","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2029074867","pubTimestamp":1587718606,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2029074867?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2020-04-24 16:56","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"程实:美股会否二次探底?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2029074867","media":"财新网","summary":"美股迎来二次探底的概率依然存在。","content":"<p>“危险总是在欢愉之时不期而至。”经历数周的持续反弹之后,近日美股市场再度陷入频繁起伏之中。未来美股是重启3月份的剧震模式,还是回归过去十数年的长牛走势?这已成为全球大类资产配置的核心问题。</p><p>我们认为,随着美国卫生事件的进一步发酵,“卫生事件-经济-金融”的新一轮风险冲击链正在形成。与之错配,当前市场过度沉浸于四重乐观预期之中。第一,认为卫生事件的金融冲击是一次性的,而非多阶段的。第二,认为市场风险已经出清,而非风险定价不足。第三,部分低估新一轮风险冲击的多元性。第四,部分高估美国超常规政策的真实效力。</p><p>有鉴于此,如果说3月份的美股剧震是“信心冲击”,那么展望未来,经济基本面恶化将催生美股新一轮的“实体冲击”。</p><p>由此,我们维持此前预判,即本轮全球金融剧震的长期拐点尚未到来,美股迎来二次探底的概率依然存在。面对新一轮潜在风险,及时采取防御性策略,谨慎规避高危行业,顺势调整长期布局重心,料将成为下一阶段投资者的解局关键。<img src=\"http://img.zhitongcaijing.com/images/contentformat/8ed9813d372e243f9c72089e8f27a3a3.jpg\"><b>新一轮风险冲击正在生成。</b>3月24日至今,得益于美国超常规政策的刺激,美股市场出现了持续反弹。近期随着反弹力度渐次减弱,市场走势重回不确定性的轨道。这一现象部分验证了我们4月初报告的判断,即本轮全球金融剧震的长期拐点尚未来临。根据我们此前报告中的分析框架,本轮金融剧震的根源在于全球性公共卫生危机的直接冲击和次生风险,因此卫生事件未稳,则金融难安。近期,美国卫生事件冲击正在向经济基本面加速传导,将成为美股市场新一轮振荡的驱动器。</p><p><b>第一,卫生事件拐点仍需时日。</b>4月4日以来,美国每日新增确诊病例从一路冲高转向高位振荡。据此,部分市场观点乐观预测,美国卫生事件拐点即将到来。但是,基于三个层面的事实,这一判断并不可靠。其一,从边际趋势来看,由于美国防疫行动落地较晚,因此前阶段所谓的“新增确诊病例”中,既包括最新感染的“真实增量”,也纳入了大量前期漏测的“遗留存量”。随着这部分“存量”被近期大幅提升的检测能力加速消化,每日新增病例数的中枢水平会自然下降。此消彼长之间,当前新增病例数据的走平反而表明最新感染的“真实增量”并未显著下滑,因此当前美国防疫措施的有效性尚待检验。其二,从绝对增速来看,4月4日至今,美国每日新增仍维持于2.5万例之上,占全球日增量的逾34%,远超其他经济体。如果不能得到有效遏制,终将累积为美国经济的难以承受之重。其三,从应对能力来看,目前美国的卫生事件累计死亡率仍在爬坡,表明医疗系统处于紧绷状态,未必能如期支持较快的经济重启,或抵御复工后的卫生事件回潮。</p><p><b>第二,经济冲击加速到来。</b>较之于迟迟不至的卫生事件拐点,更快到来的是卫生事件的经济冲击。一方面,作为美国经济的核心引擎,内需消费已经显现衰退信号。根据我们此前的研究,消费数据是预警历次美国经济衰退相对准确的“金丝雀”。受卫生事件影响,3月份美国零售销售的环比降幅创1992年有记录以来的最大,4月初消费者信心指数的环比降幅亦达到1952年有记录以来的最大。叠加近期居高不下的初请失业金人数,消费引擎预计将继续失速,进一步加剧美国经济的衰退深度。另一方面,本次卫生事件对美国经济的冲击预计将大幅超过2008-2009年国际金融危机。根据IMF最新预测,2020年美国经济实际增速预计为-5.9%,衰退深度不仅为1980年以来之最,亦为2009年危机低谷时期的两倍有余。</p><p><b>美股市场目前存在四重乐观预期。</b>追根溯源,近期的美股回暖主要由四重乐观预期驱动。随着美国卫生事件的持续演进,这些乐观预期与客观现实渐行渐远,正在为美股埋下新的风险隐患。</p><p><b>乐观预期之一:</b>从时序来看,认为卫生事件的金融冲击是一次性的,而非多阶段的。对于本次卫生事件引致的百年一遇的不确定性,金融市场难以一次性地理清和消化。从卫生事件周期领先于美国的意大利、西班牙来看,金融市场对卫生事件风险的定价至少已分为两个阶段。第一阶段,在卫生事件爆发初期,两国10年期国债收益率较德国的息差均大幅跃升。这反映的是市场对卫生事件下短期恐慌的定价。第二阶段,在每日新增病例回落之后,两国10年期国债收益率较德国的息差再度上行。这反映的是,随着卫生事件趋于平稳、长期损失趋于清晰,市场对卫生事件的长期经济冲击进行新一轮定价。以此为镜鉴,3月美股的剧震只是完成了第一阶段的冲击消化,未来第二阶段的市场调整大概率不会缺席。</p><p><b>乐观预期之二:</b>从程度来看,认为当前市场对卫生事件冲击的定价是充分的,而非不足的。未来第二阶段的资产价格调整幅度如何?虽然目前这一问题具有较大不确定性,但是由于第二阶段冲击的发力点在于经济基本面,因此盯住上市公司盈利可以管窥一斑。历史数据显示,在2000-2001年科网泡沫以及2008-2009年国际金融危机中,经济衰退均导致了标普500指数每股盈利的大幅下落,两段危机中的EPS(TTM)最大缩水幅度依次为45.6%和89.6%。考虑到本次卫生事件对美国的经济冲击将大概率超越2008-2009年国际金融危机,因此经济基本面对公司盈利以及股价的长期拖累或将更为沉重。但是,经过3月末至今的回暖,截至4月22日,标普500指数的年内累计降幅仅有13.4%,未来的基本面压力尚未得到充分定价。</p><p><b>乐观预期之三:</b>从渠道来看,认为卫生事件对市场的中长期冲击是单维的,而非多元的。正如我们此前报告所强调,在本轮全球金融剧震中,40是VIX指数的关键分界线,并构成了长期拐点的信号之一:只有当VIX指数稳定下降至40以下,市场才能开始脱离恐慌,逐步进入“冷静区间”,风险资产、避险资产开始重归负相关性,进而修复市场的风险对冲和自我稳定机制。从近期数据来看,3月末至今,虽然美股持续回暖,但是VIX指数在降至40左右后盘桓数日,此后再度反弹。表明上述分界线难以突破。并且,在上述美股回暖期,黄金的走势与美股仍保持较强同步,意味着风险资产、避险资产的相关性尚未由正转负(详见附图)。这些现象部分验证了我们此前的理论,表明当前的金融风险依然具有很强的跨市场传染性,进而形成多元化的冲击渠道。一方面,其他风险因素,例如油价暴跌、地缘政治冲突等,向美股的传导将更为迅捷。另一方面,一旦风险回潮,避险资产、风险资产的同步暴跌可能再度出现,传统避险措施失效的可能性依然高企。由此,在新一轮风险冲击到来之时,市场将更加脆弱而非坚韧。</p><p><b>乐观预期之四:</b>从政策来看,部分高估美国超常规政策的真实效力。3月初至今,美国的一系列超常规政策可以分解为两个部分。第一是针对金融市场的流动性注入政策,第二是针对实体经济的纾困政策。当前,虽然第一部分政策初见成效,令市场喘一口气,但是难以掩盖第二部分政策的效果乏力。从价格信号看,4月中旬至今,美国实体企业的信用利差依然居于高位,10年期美债互换利率再度抬升,表明美国实体经济的债务违约风险并未真正消退。从数量信号看,受制于信用风险溢价的高企,4月美国高收益债的新发行规模显著缩水,而商业抵押贷款逾期率大幅跃升,预示着美国企业部门正在广泛面临资金链断裂的现实威胁。有鉴于此,在经济纾困政策未能收获显著成效的情况下,金融市场的流动性注入政策只是扬汤止沸,难以从根本上阻止新一轮冲击的到来。</p><p>风险并未消退,警惕下一轮“实体冲击”。如果说3月份的美股剧震是“信心冲击”,那么展望未来,随着经济基本面压力渐次显现,美股遭遇第二次探底的概率依然存在,或将形成新一轮的“实体冲击”。面对这一潜在风险,我们提出以下<b>建议</b>:</p><p>第一,提前采取防御性策略。建议下阶段不要超配风险资产,保持防御性资产的合理仓位。值得强调的是,从当前形势看,如果发生新一轮冲击,VIX指数届时将大概率位于40以上,因此要充分考虑部分传统避险工具与风险资产同跌的可能性,进一步增加现金类投资品的配置。</p><p>第二,规避卫生事件下的高危行业。如果投资者对自身抗风险能力持有信心,并希望继续参加舞会,那么我们也建议,尽量避开美国受到卫生事件经济冲击较大的行业,包括能源、旅游、餐饮住宿等,而聚焦于卫生事件中盈利稳健的行业,包括公用事业、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/III\">信息服务</a>等。当二次探底开始之后,相对扎实的行业基本面,有望为投资者赢得更多的缓冲空间。</p><p>第三,调整长期布局的重心。对于长线投资者而言,美股的新一轮探底如果触发系统性风险,或将意味着全球大类资产配置的历史拐点的形成。在这一情景下,正如我们此前报告所论述,得益于中国对卫生事件的有效防控以及相对稳健的经济修复,人民币资产有望兼容地提供避险性和成长性,进而成为长期布局的新重心。</p><p><img src=\"http://img.zhitongcaijing.com/images/contentformat/6c2ee59e2f02db071dd9e3c5bf515c90.jpg\"><img src=\"http://img.zhitongcaijing.com/images/contentformat/b657973fa085536aa5b971428f0c17bf.jpg\"></p><p><b>注:作者程实为中国首席经济学家论坛理事,工银国际首席经济学家、董事总经理、研究部主管。</b></p>","source":"cxw","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>程实:美股会否二次探底?</title>\n<style 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}\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n程实:美股会否二次探底?\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2020-04-24 16:56 北京时间 <a href=http://www.zhitongcaijing.com/content/detail/295837.html><strong>财新网</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>“危险总是在欢愉之时不期而至。”经历数周的持续反弹之后,近日美股市场再度陷入频繁起伏之中。未来美股是重启3月份的剧震模式,还是回归过去十数年的长牛走势?这已成为全球大类资产配置的核心问题。我们认为,随着美国卫生事件的进一步发酵,“卫生事件-经济-金融”的新一轮风险冲击链正在形成。与之错配,当前市场过度沉浸于四重乐观预期之中。第一,认为卫生事件的金融冲击是一次性的,而非多阶段的。第二,认为市场风险...</p>\n\n<a href=\"http://www.zhitongcaijing.com/content/detail/295837.html\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://img.zhitongcaijing.com/image/20200424/20200424154951_48846.png?x-oss-process=image/format,jpg/quality,Q_80","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"http://www.zhitongcaijing.com/content/detail/295837.html","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2029074867","content_text":"“危险总是在欢愉之时不期而至。”经历数周的持续反弹之后,近日美股市场再度陷入频繁起伏之中。未来美股是重启3月份的剧震模式,还是回归过去十数年的长牛走势?这已成为全球大类资产配置的核心问题。我们认为,随着美国卫生事件的进一步发酵,“卫生事件-经济-金融”的新一轮风险冲击链正在形成。与之错配,当前市场过度沉浸于四重乐观预期之中。第一,认为卫生事件的金融冲击是一次性的,而非多阶段的。第二,认为市场风险已经出清,而非风险定价不足。第三,部分低估新一轮风险冲击的多元性。第四,部分高估美国超常规政策的真实效力。有鉴于此,如果说3月份的美股剧震是“信心冲击”,那么展望未来,经济基本面恶化将催生美股新一轮的“实体冲击”。由此,我们维持此前预判,即本轮全球金融剧震的长期拐点尚未到来,美股迎来二次探底的概率依然存在。面对新一轮潜在风险,及时采取防御性策略,谨慎规避高危行业,顺势调整长期布局重心,料将成为下一阶段投资者的解局关键。新一轮风险冲击正在生成。3月24日至今,得益于美国超常规政策的刺激,美股市场出现了持续反弹。近期随着反弹力度渐次减弱,市场走势重回不确定性的轨道。这一现象部分验证了我们4月初报告的判断,即本轮全球金融剧震的长期拐点尚未来临。根据我们此前报告中的分析框架,本轮金融剧震的根源在于全球性公共卫生危机的直接冲击和次生风险,因此卫生事件未稳,则金融难安。近期,美国卫生事件冲击正在向经济基本面加速传导,将成为美股市场新一轮振荡的驱动器。第一,卫生事件拐点仍需时日。4月4日以来,美国每日新增确诊病例从一路冲高转向高位振荡。据此,部分市场观点乐观预测,美国卫生事件拐点即将到来。但是,基于三个层面的事实,这一判断并不可靠。其一,从边际趋势来看,由于美国防疫行动落地较晚,因此前阶段所谓的“新增确诊病例”中,既包括最新感染的“真实增量”,也纳入了大量前期漏测的“遗留存量”。随着这部分“存量”被近期大幅提升的检测能力加速消化,每日新增病例数的中枢水平会自然下降。此消彼长之间,当前新增病例数据的走平反而表明最新感染的“真实增量”并未显著下滑,因此当前美国防疫措施的有效性尚待检验。其二,从绝对增速来看,4月4日至今,美国每日新增仍维持于2.5万例之上,占全球日增量的逾34%,远超其他经济体。如果不能得到有效遏制,终将累积为美国经济的难以承受之重。其三,从应对能力来看,目前美国的卫生事件累计死亡率仍在爬坡,表明医疗系统处于紧绷状态,未必能如期支持较快的经济重启,或抵御复工后的卫生事件回潮。第二,经济冲击加速到来。较之于迟迟不至的卫生事件拐点,更快到来的是卫生事件的经济冲击。一方面,作为美国经济的核心引擎,内需消费已经显现衰退信号。根据我们此前的研究,消费数据是预警历次美国经济衰退相对准确的“金丝雀”。受卫生事件影响,3月份美国零售销售的环比降幅创1992年有记录以来的最大,4月初消费者信心指数的环比降幅亦达到1952年有记录以来的最大。叠加近期居高不下的初请失业金人数,消费引擎预计将继续失速,进一步加剧美国经济的衰退深度。另一方面,本次卫生事件对美国经济的冲击预计将大幅超过2008-2009年国际金融危机。根据IMF最新预测,2020年美国经济实际增速预计为-5.9%,衰退深度不仅为1980年以来之最,亦为2009年危机低谷时期的两倍有余。美股市场目前存在四重乐观预期。追根溯源,近期的美股回暖主要由四重乐观预期驱动。随着美国卫生事件的持续演进,这些乐观预期与客观现实渐行渐远,正在为美股埋下新的风险隐患。乐观预期之一:从时序来看,认为卫生事件的金融冲击是一次性的,而非多阶段的。对于本次卫生事件引致的百年一遇的不确定性,金融市场难以一次性地理清和消化。从卫生事件周期领先于美国的意大利、西班牙来看,金融市场对卫生事件风险的定价至少已分为两个阶段。第一阶段,在卫生事件爆发初期,两国10年期国债收益率较德国的息差均大幅跃升。这反映的是市场对卫生事件下短期恐慌的定价。第二阶段,在每日新增病例回落之后,两国10年期国债收益率较德国的息差再度上行。这反映的是,随着卫生事件趋于平稳、长期损失趋于清晰,市场对卫生事件的长期经济冲击进行新一轮定价。以此为镜鉴,3月美股的剧震只是完成了第一阶段的冲击消化,未来第二阶段的市场调整大概率不会缺席。乐观预期之二:从程度来看,认为当前市场对卫生事件冲击的定价是充分的,而非不足的。未来第二阶段的资产价格调整幅度如何?虽然目前这一问题具有较大不确定性,但是由于第二阶段冲击的发力点在于经济基本面,因此盯住上市公司盈利可以管窥一斑。历史数据显示,在2000-2001年科网泡沫以及2008-2009年国际金融危机中,经济衰退均导致了标普500指数每股盈利的大幅下落,两段危机中的EPS(TTM)最大缩水幅度依次为45.6%和89.6%。考虑到本次卫生事件对美国的经济冲击将大概率超越2008-2009年国际金融危机,因此经济基本面对公司盈利以及股价的长期拖累或将更为沉重。但是,经过3月末至今的回暖,截至4月22日,标普500指数的年内累计降幅仅有13.4%,未来的基本面压力尚未得到充分定价。乐观预期之三:从渠道来看,认为卫生事件对市场的中长期冲击是单维的,而非多元的。正如我们此前报告所强调,在本轮全球金融剧震中,40是VIX指数的关键分界线,并构成了长期拐点的信号之一:只有当VIX指数稳定下降至40以下,市场才能开始脱离恐慌,逐步进入“冷静区间”,风险资产、避险资产开始重归负相关性,进而修复市场的风险对冲和自我稳定机制。从近期数据来看,3月末至今,虽然美股持续回暖,但是VIX指数在降至40左右后盘桓数日,此后再度反弹。表明上述分界线难以突破。并且,在上述美股回暖期,黄金的走势与美股仍保持较强同步,意味着风险资产、避险资产的相关性尚未由正转负(详见附图)。这些现象部分验证了我们此前的理论,表明当前的金融风险依然具有很强的跨市场传染性,进而形成多元化的冲击渠道。一方面,其他风险因素,例如油价暴跌、地缘政治冲突等,向美股的传导将更为迅捷。另一方面,一旦风险回潮,避险资产、风险资产的同步暴跌可能再度出现,传统避险措施失效的可能性依然高企。由此,在新一轮风险冲击到来之时,市场将更加脆弱而非坚韧。乐观预期之四:从政策来看,部分高估美国超常规政策的真实效力。3月初至今,美国的一系列超常规政策可以分解为两个部分。第一是针对金融市场的流动性注入政策,第二是针对实体经济的纾困政策。当前,虽然第一部分政策初见成效,令市场喘一口气,但是难以掩盖第二部分政策的效果乏力。从价格信号看,4月中旬至今,美国实体企业的信用利差依然居于高位,10年期美债互换利率再度抬升,表明美国实体经济的债务违约风险并未真正消退。从数量信号看,受制于信用风险溢价的高企,4月美国高收益债的新发行规模显著缩水,而商业抵押贷款逾期率大幅跃升,预示着美国企业部门正在广泛面临资金链断裂的现实威胁。有鉴于此,在经济纾困政策未能收获显著成效的情况下,金融市场的流动性注入政策只是扬汤止沸,难以从根本上阻止新一轮冲击的到来。风险并未消退,警惕下一轮“实体冲击”。如果说3月份的美股剧震是“信心冲击”,那么展望未来,随着经济基本面压力渐次显现,美股遭遇第二次探底的概率依然存在,或将形成新一轮的“实体冲击”。面对这一潜在风险,我们提出以下建议:第一,提前采取防御性策略。建议下阶段不要超配风险资产,保持防御性资产的合理仓位。值得强调的是,从当前形势看,如果发生新一轮冲击,VIX指数届时将大概率位于40以上,因此要充分考虑部分传统避险工具与风险资产同跌的可能性,进一步增加现金类投资品的配置。第二,规避卫生事件下的高危行业。如果投资者对自身抗风险能力持有信心,并希望继续参加舞会,那么我们也建议,尽量避开美国受到卫生事件经济冲击较大的行业,包括能源、旅游、餐饮住宿等,而聚焦于卫生事件中盈利稳健的行业,包括公用事业、信息服务等。当二次探底开始之后,相对扎实的行业基本面,有望为投资者赢得更多的缓冲空间。第三,调整长期布局的重心。对于长线投资者而言,美股的新一轮探底如果触发系统性风险,或将意味着全球大类资产配置的历史拐点的形成。在这一情景下,正如我们此前报告所论述,得益于中国对卫生事件的有效防控以及相对稳健的经济修复,人民币资产有望兼容地提供避险性和成长性,进而成为长期布局的新重心。注:作者程实为中国首席经济学家论坛理事,工银国际首席经济学家、董事总经理、研究部主管。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1463,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":934461689,"gmtCreate":1574416201341,"gmtModify":1704727965112,"author":{"id":"3454571538189104","authorId":"3454571538189104","name":"klhao1990","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4c234b2f9593ad75421fa31fd7f3106f","crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3454571538189104","idStr":"3454571538189104"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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