sstone的个人主页 - 老虎社区

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IP属地：四川

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2020-07-24

能介绍几个公众号不？

再这么玩两年，券商报告就真的没有任何人看了

2020-07-14

$百度(BIDU)$怎么连谷歌的零头也没有了

2020-07-11

我就是个标准的日间交易者

从100万血亏至不到1万！多数美股散户注定以悲剧收场？

2020-07-09

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$阿里啥时候发财报啊？

2018-07-27

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$ 我就想知道为什么亚马逊要比阿里巴巴市值高这么多，？

2018-01-24

美豹要求所有用户平仓提现了

啥情况？老虎不会也来这手吧？

美豹要求所有用户平仓提现了

2018-01-24

美豹要求所有用户平仓提现了老虎不会也来这手吧？@Tony特别帅

2018-01-16

$迅雷(XNET)$ 这下没更坏的消息了吧

2017-11-27

好吧

$迅雷(XNET)$算你狠

2017-11-25

$趣店(QD)$有啥说法吗？跌成这样？

2017-10-11

$百度(BIDU)$百度是不是网站当掉了怎么老打不开？

2017-09-14

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$马老板套现40亿不知道股票会跌几个点

2017-09-01

$京东(JD)$东哥股民喊你回来上班啦

2017-09-01

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$七个龙珠

2017-08-31

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$神龙

2017-08-30

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$龙珠

2017-08-29

$京东(JD)$召唤龙珠

2017-08-28

$阿里巴巴(BABA)

2017-08-28

$京东(JD)$抄到地板上了

2017-08-18

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$在170跑了，现在还没上车感觉自己身手灵活

去老虎APP查看更多动态

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个公众号不？","listText":"能介绍几个公众号不？","text":"能介绍几个公众号不？","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/946046667","repostId":"1158165129","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1158165129","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1595514215,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1158165129?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2020-07-23 22:23","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"再这么玩两年，券商报告就真的没有任何人看了","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1158165129","media":" 互联网怪盗团","summary":"两个星期前，周期天王·尼古拉斯·金涛在多年前写的一篇宏观经济研究报告又在朋友圈刷屏了——金涛天王竟然在2006年就预测到了2020年的“虚拟经济大繁荣”以及“中国股票大牛市”，让很多人叹为观止。当然，","content":"<p>两个星期前，周期天王·尼古拉斯·金涛在多年前写的一篇宏观经济研究报告又在朋友圈刷屏了——金涛天王竟然在2006年就预测到了2020年的“虚拟经济大繁荣”以及“中国股票大牛市”，让很多人叹为观止。当然，金涛天王的研究一直是媒体报道、朋友圈转发的热点，他的水平不需要通过这一篇报告来证明。虽然我一直没搞懂康波，但是对金涛天王的研究一直很信服的。</p>\n<p>问题在于：周金涛已经去世快四年了，他已经属于“前辈”券商分析师了。而且，目前还具备一些公信力、得到大部分投资者和专业媒体认可的券商分析师，几乎全是宏观研究领域的——大部分是宏观，小部分是策略。</p>\n<p>行业分析师呢？无论是周期性还是成长性行业，市场还信任谁？上市公司还认可谁？你的朋友圈还转载谁？谁的研究观点还能引发大批专业人士的共鸣，谁的研究成果还能真正改变行业、驱动市场？</p>\n<p>几乎没有。可能有那么一两个、四五个吧，但是绝大部分券商分析师（卖方）的研究已经没人看了。既没有市场影响力（对买方的），也没有专业影响力（对自己研究行业的），更没有大众影响力（对广大吃瓜群众的）。没人看，没人听，没人信，甚至没人理解。Nobody cares at all.</p>\n<p>我这里说的可不仅限于A股的卖方（中资券商），港股、美股的卖方（外资投行）也一样。就算在研究中概股的时候，也很少有人真的拿投行报告当一回事了——大家一般只是看看他们的EPS预测，因为那很可能来自公司管理层的指引。至于报告本身的观点和逻辑……Who would fxxking care?</p>\n<p>先搞清一个事实：我们究竟想从卖方分析师（无论中资券商还是外资投行）的研究当中，获得什么知识？答案似乎是一目了然的。</p>\n<ol>\n <li><p>直接指导投资操作，例如该买什么股票，什么时候买、什么时候卖；</p></li>\n <li><p>了解行业及公司逻辑，作为综合知识储备库的一部分；</p></li>\n <li><p>对于市场突发情况或临时热点进行及时的解读。</p></li>\n</ol>\n<p>在这三条当中，很显然，第一条你是不能指望卖方分析师的。如果一个分析师真能“直接指导”你买卖股票，那他要么可以自己炒股赚大钱，要么可以自己开私募基金赚大钱。何况，为了维护与上市公司的关系，卖方分析师给大部分公司都是“买入”或“增持”评级——如果你真信，那你就应该在任何价位买入任何股票，这种滑稽的投资策略显然是不能赚钱的……</p>\n<p>第二条本来应该是卖方分析师的主要任务：产生论点，并为自己的论点准备论据。论点不对不要紧，只要逻辑有价值，或者论据有价值，那么读者就会有所收获。金涛天王的预测不是每次都对，但是他的“康波理论”启发了很多人；玛丽·米克当年在卖方推荐的互联网公司大部分都死了，但是她的《互联网报告》至今还被人传阅。遗憾的是，现在的卖方分析师已经无法承担这个任务了。</p>\n<p>绝大部分卖方的首席分析师不会亲自写报告。越是资深的分析师，就越是只“动口”（路演、电话会议）而不“动手”（写报告、调模型）。问题在于，如果你去听过他们的路演，就会发现内容其实也谈不上有多深刻，绝大部分是大路货。现在，市场对于卖方的要求已经降低到了“具备常识”，就算这么低的要求还是有人达不到。</p>\n<p>第三条也是卖方分析师比较重要的任务，但是也越来越做不好——如果你对行业的理解不够深刻，甚至缺乏常识，那么你能对突发事件做出多深刻的解读呢？很多卖方的“事件点评”，无非是把新闻抄了一遍，然后加上一些不痛不痒、正面反面都有道理的口水话，凑个几百字、一千多字也就完成KPI了。</p>\n<p>平心而论，卖方研究水平的下降是一个长期过程。由于监管要求、商业模式变化、竞争环境改变等各种各样的原因，A股卖方研究从来没有进入过真正的“平衡状态”，永远在动荡，也就永远没法沉下来；欧美等发达市场的卖方研究则在监管趋紧的格局下不断衰落，已经吸引不到第一流人才了。最近几年只是愈演愈烈而已。</p>\n<p>那么问题来了：既然中外卖方研究的水平都在不断下滑、无法给市场贡献价值，那么它们为什么还能存在到今天呢？为什么还是会有一些人（虽然数量越来越少）会关注卖方研究呢？</p>\n<p>原因有两个，或者说，在我看来主要有两个：</p>\n<ul>\n <li><p>第一，<b>在移动互联网时代以前，</b>卖方可以扮演上市公司与资本市场的“传声筒”，调节市场预期，或者代替上市公司说一些不太适合直接说的话。</p></li>\n <li><p>第二，<b>在移动互联网时代以前，</b>详细、可靠、有时效性的专业研究是非常稀缺的；无论是投资人还是上市公司，想持续、深入地了解行业，只能依靠卖方研究了——就算卖方研究的质量不高也得忍着。</p></li>\n</ul>\n<p>关于第一点，举个例子：某上市公司觉得自己下个季度的业绩要滑坡，肯定达不到市场预期；但是它不想发个公告说“我的业绩完了”，而且业绩究竟完不完也是个未知数。这家公司的董秘或CFO多半会给熟悉的卖方分析师打个电话，把情况暗示一下，让卖方下调盈利预测。这样，如果下个季度真玩完，市场会有心理准备；如果下个季度没玩完，那也只是卖方的一家之言，上市公司不用负责任。</p>\n<p>这就是所谓的“调节市场预期”。高明的上市公司管理层会把卖方当成一块“海绵”，作为自己和市场之间的缓冲，必要时也可以背锅。此外，投资者的数量那么多，上市公司不可能一个一个去打招呼，有卖方作为“中间人”去统一协调总是好的。</p>\n<p>关于第二点，也很好理解：在1990或2000年代，甚至2010年代初期，要深入了解一个行业，除了依靠百科全书、行业年鉴、专业媒体，你还真只能依靠卖方研究。当时在市面上根本没有那么多可用的研究资料，就算花钱也买不到太多。尤其对于一些新兴行业或公司，除了卖方分析师，也没人发表意见了。卖方研究的质量当然谈不上多好，但是总比没有强吧。</p>\n<p>但是，请注意我在上文特意强调的那句话：<b>“在移动互联网时代以前”。</b>随着移动互联网浪潮的不断深入，卖方研究的上述用处正在不断降低，甚至可以说毫无用处可言。互联网改变了整个金融市场、整个证券行业，也改变了卖方研究这个看似“高端”“老派”“专业”的细分板块。</p>\n<p>卖方分析师的“传声筒”作用仍然存在，但是大幅衰减，因为现在市场上的声音太多了。以前，打开Wind或Bloomberg这样的金融终端，看一眼“卖方一致预期”，再看看最近哪家调高了预期、哪家调低了预期，你就能理解市场预期；现在完全不是了。说到底，卖方分析师能帮助“调节”的，不过是下个季度营业收入和每股收益的预期。可是谁说市场只关心下个季度的每股收益呢？如果市场更关心“公司现任管理层是否合格”，或者“公司所处的赛道是否足够长”，卖方分析师要如何去调节？</p>\n<p>而且，托社交网络和社交媒体之福，上市公司管理层越来越乐意直接与市场沟通了，这种沟通的难度也大大降低了。时至今日，你可以看到：公司董办通过微信公众号及时回答问题；稍微重要一点的投资者干脆跟管理层直接拉微信群；公司董秘或CFO去雪球做直播；微信电话和腾讯会议取代了传统的电话会议和邮件交流。当然，上市公司的信息披露必须注意合规，但是它们能够找到一条既高效又合规的途径。那些真正的“大人物”从来不需要卖方传话，而介于“大人物”与“普通人”之间的人，也越来越容易接触到管理层了。</p>\n<p>在对投资者和专业人士注意力的竞争方面，卖方分析师被打的溃不成军。现在至少有四股“专业研究力量”在争夺专业读者的信赖，而卖方对其中的任何一股都不占优势：</p>\n<ol>\n <li><p><b>专业自媒体。</b>以互联网行业为例，如果我想认真了解某件事情，我肯定会求助于虎嗅、36氪这样的自媒体聚合平台，或者我最信任的几个微信公众号。自媒体肯定是良莠不齐的，但是券商研究也良莠不齐；自媒体谈不上中立、经常有软文/黑文，但是券商研究也完全谈不上中立、充斥着利益纠葛。自媒体好歹在认真写文章、好歹重视自己的品牌效应，而券商研究很多并不在乎砸自己的牌子（可能因为是实习生写的）。综合上述因素考虑，作为一个老资格的券商分析师，我还是决定相信自媒体。</p></li>\n <li><p><b>专业内容社区</b>。例如雪球、知识星球甚至知乎，虽然里面也有不少垃圾内容，但是只要你肯花时间辨认，总是能找到宝贝的。鉴于这些“专业社区”的内容质量波动实在太大，我还是建议大家不要以它们为“第一参考读物”，而是作为一种有益的补充，但是这也弥足珍贵了。</p></li>\n <li><p><b>咨询公司或第三方数据商</b>。在互联网行业，典型的例子就是QuestMobile, TrustData, TalkingData, App Annie, 极光大数据等。尤其是QM或TD的数据，几乎无人不引用；它们还会根据数据撰写详尽的季度、年度报告。讲真，对于一般的研究者而言，这些咨询公司/数据商的报告已经够用了。很多互联网公司的战略/投资/运营部门也会参考上述公司的研究成果，可见它们至少得到了一部分业内人士的认可——而卖方研究得不到这样的认可。</p></li>\n <li><p><b>品牌得到认可的专业媒体</b>。在互联网行业最著名的就是晚点——只有没发生的消息，没有他们搞不到的消息。如果你追求信息时效性，看看晚点就够了。还有一些媒体的互联网记者团队很强，在此就不列举了。听到什么小道消息，与其请卖方分析师帮忙验证，还真不如交几个靠谱的记者朋友，让他们验证（准确度更高，还不花钱）。</p></li>\n</ol>\n<p>此时此刻，如果你打开一份卖方研究报告，我是指长达三五十页、首页列了四五个作者、光是目录页码就长达两页的那种“砖头深度报告”，你多半会看到下列内容：</p>\n<ul>\n <li><p><b>公司历史沿革/公司管理层介绍。</b>毫无疑问是抄的招股说明书或年报，人人皆知，纯粹是拿来凑字数的。在这种章节浪费一分钟时间都嫌多。如果你确实不了解公司历史，建议直接登录官网看个痛快。</p></li>\n <li><p><b>行业情况概述。</b>毫无疑问，要么抄了知乎精华问答，要么抄了虎嗅/36氪年度经典文章；更low一点的干脆直接抄百度百科。其实这也不丢人，当初我不懂怎么写报告的时候，也抄过维基百科的内容——有些人一抄却抄了一辈子。那么问题来了：与其读这篇又臭又长的研究报告，为什么我不直接去读知乎回答，或者自媒体文章，或者百度百科？</p></li>\n <li><p><b>行业数据及分析。</b>如果是互联网/传媒/电商行业的研究，那么毫无疑问抄了QM或TD；抄App Annie的倒不是很多，可能是因为订阅价太贵。抄抄数据本身也就罢了，然则很多报告是连分析带结论一起抄的，彻底沦为QM或TD观点的二道贩子。那么问题来了：与其读这篇二道贩子的研究报告，为什么我不直接去读QM或TD的报告？人家很多报告还是免费的呢。</p></li>\n <li><p><b>公司业务或商业模式简介。</b>很可能有一点干货，例如与上市公司直接沟通或调研的结果，可以读一读。问题在于，这些干货经常埋在大批不知所云的口水话里面，分不清重点。毕竟大部分深度报告都是实习生写的，实习生拼命灌水冲KPI是可以理解的。</p></li>\n <li><p><b>业务及财务预测。</b>一般而言，干货都集中在此处，充分体现了卖方首席与上市公司勾兑的结果。问题在于，上市公司管理层也很精，也越来越懂得合规，凭什么要给你独家消息。如果是不重要的信息，那么你有大家也有；如果是重要的信息，那么你就算有了多半也不敢写。这段一般还是值得读的，可惜执笔人往往还是实习生。</p></li>\n <li><p><b>风险提示：</b>彻头彻尾的废话，完全是为了合规而写，别看，看了也没用。</p></li>\n</ul>\n<p>我们可以坦率地指出——绝大部分的券商研究，在干货上打不过QM、TD或App Annie（甚至被拉出代差），在分析逻辑上打不过自媒体，在信息准确度和时效性上打不过财经媒体，在形式和可读性方面则被上述竞争对手同时完爆……</p>\n<p>讲真，绝大部分券商研究，不但趣味性比不上半佛仙人或巫师财经，就连干货也比不上半佛仙人或巫师财经。你们不要以为我是半佛的托——起码人家去年就指出了瑞幸咖啡是一场骗局（我也在稍晚指出了），而几家大券商的分析师直到今年2月还在拼命给瑞幸咖啡站台，一直站到台子塌了为止。</p>\n<p>你们也不要以为我是巫师的托——虽然他说什么“2003年非典成就了淘宝”有点不专业，起码人家还是把电商行业早期的历史撸过一遍、认真整理了材料的。如果我们对比一下某些券商写的“电商行业综合研究报告”，就会发现其中犯的常识错误比巫师严重一百倍，而且（挂名的）作者可能根本没意识到，因为报告是实习生写的。</p>\n<p>说实话，半佛、巫师这样的娱乐导向的“知识类自媒体”，居然能在专业水准上也把大批券商研究爆成渣，你说这些券商研究还有什么价值？</p>\n<p>更不要说那些著名的互联网研究自媒体，成名已久的公众号、虎嗅、36氪大V们，写的东西不但深刻而且可读，影响力很大，随时能跟互联网大佬谈笑风生——咱们就说卖方分析师怎么跟他们比吧……就算对股价的影响力也已经远远落后了，人家的一篇10万+真能立即拉一个或砸一个涨停。（注：本人绝非互联网大V，粉丝和影响力差了一个数量级，仅仅是个小学生而已。）</p>\n<p>不可否认，中资券商研究所、外资投行研究部里面确实还是有聪明人的，每年也还是会有许多理想主义的年轻人进入这一行。我当然无意把卖方研究“一棒子打死”。我只是说：大部分卖方研究缺乏价值，大部分投资者和专业人士已经意识到了。竞争对手越来越强，读者越来越聪明，不好忽悠了。</p>\n<p>再这么玩两年，上文中的“大部分”一词恐怕就要换成“全部”了。届时券商研究可能就彻底丧失专业意义上的参考价值了。这一天到底会不会到来呢？</p>\n<p>我说了不算，大家说呢？</p>","source":"lsy1590637062545","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>再这么玩两年，券商报告就真的没有任何人看了</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; 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overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n再这么玩两年，券商报告就真的没有任何人看了\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2020-07-23 22:23 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/z-kvXuLSrZZwV1hfd6gC1Q><strong> 互联网怪盗团</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>两个星期前，周期天王·尼古拉斯·金涛在多年前写的一篇宏观经济研究报告又在朋友圈刷屏了——金涛天王竟然在2006年就预测到了2020年的“虚拟经济大繁荣”以及“中国股票大牛市”，让很多人叹为观止。当然，金涛天王的研究一直是媒体报道、朋友圈转发的热点，他的水平不需要通过这一篇报告来证明。虽然我一直没搞懂康波，但是对金涛天王的研究一直很信服的。\n问题在于：周金涛已经去世快四年了，他已经属于“前辈”券商...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/z-kvXuLSrZZwV1hfd6gC1Q\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a8fca69a364eb1ccaf6e9078f1721480","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/z-kvXuLSrZZwV1hfd6gC1Q","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1158165129","content_text":"两个星期前，周期天王·尼古拉斯·金涛在多年前写的一篇宏观经济研究报告又在朋友圈刷屏了——金涛天王竟然在2006年就预测到了2020年的“虚拟经济大繁荣”以及“中国股票大牛市”，让很多人叹为观止。当然，金涛天王的研究一直是媒体报道、朋友圈转发的热点，他的水平不需要通过这一篇报告来证明。虽然我一直没搞懂康波，但是对金涛天王的研究一直很信服的。\n问题在于：周金涛已经去世快四年了，他已经属于“前辈”券商分析师了。而且，目前还具备一些公信力、得到大部分投资者和专业媒体认可的券商分析师，几乎全是宏观研究领域的——大部分是宏观，小部分是策略。\n行业分析师呢？无论是周期性还是成长性行业，市场还信任谁？上市公司还认可谁？你的朋友圈还转载谁？谁的研究观点还能引发大批专业人士的共鸣，谁的研究成果还能真正改变行业、驱动市场？\n几乎没有。可能有那么一两个、四五个吧，但是绝大部分券商分析师（卖方）的研究已经没人看了。既没有市场影响力（对买方的），也没有专业影响力（对自己研究行业的），更没有大众影响力（对广大吃瓜群众的）。没人看，没人听，没人信，甚至没人理解。Nobody cares at all.\n我这里说的可不仅限于A股的卖方（中资券商），港股、美股的卖方（外资投行）也一样。就算在研究中概股的时候，也很少有人真的拿投行报告当一回事了——大家一般只是看看他们的EPS预测，因为那很可能来自公司管理层的指引。至于报告本身的观点和逻辑……Who would fxxking care?\n先搞清一个事实：我们究竟想从卖方分析师（无论中资券商还是外资投行）的研究当中，获得什么知识？答案似乎是一目了然的。\n\n直接指导投资操作，例如该买什么股票，什么时候买、什么时候卖；\n了解行业及公司逻辑，作为综合知识储备库的一部分；\n对于市场突发情况或临时热点进行及时的解读。\n\n在这三条当中，很显然，第一条你是不能指望卖方分析师的。如果一个分析师真能“直接指导”你买卖股票，那他要么可以自己炒股赚大钱，要么可以自己开私募基金赚大钱。何况，为了维护与上市公司的关系，卖方分析师给大部分公司都是“买入”或“增持”评级——如果你真信，那你就应该在任何价位买入任何股票，这种滑稽的投资策略显然是不能赚钱的……\n第二条本来应该是卖方分析师的主要任务：产生论点，并为自己的论点准备论据。论点不对不要紧，只要逻辑有价值，或者论据有价值，那么读者就会有所收获。金涛天王的预测不是每次都对，但是他的“康波理论”启发了很多人；玛丽·米克当年在卖方推荐的互联网公司大部分都死了，但是她的《互联网报告》至今还被人传阅。遗憾的是，现在的卖方分析师已经无法承担这个任务了。\n绝大部分卖方的首席分析师不会亲自写报告。越是资深的分析师，就越是只“动口”（路演、电话会议）而不“动手”（写报告、调模型）。问题在于，如果你去听过他们的路演，就会发现内容其实也谈不上有多深刻，绝大部分是大路货。现在，市场对于卖方的要求已经降低到了“具备常识”，就算这么低的要求还是有人达不到。\n第三条也是卖方分析师比较重要的任务，但是也越来越做不好——如果你对行业的理解不够深刻，甚至缺乏常识，那么你能对突发事件做出多深刻的解读呢？很多卖方的“事件点评”，无非是把新闻抄了一遍，然后加上一些不痛不痒、正面反面都有道理的口水话，凑个几百字、一千多字也就完成KPI了。\n平心而论，卖方研究水平的下降是一个长期过程。由于监管要求、商业模式变化、竞争环境改变等各种各样的原因，A股卖方研究从来没有进入过真正的“平衡状态”，永远在动荡，也就永远没法沉下来；欧美等发达市场的卖方研究则在监管趋紧的格局下不断衰落，已经吸引不到第一流人才了。最近几年只是愈演愈烈而已。\n那么问题来了：既然中外卖方研究的水平都在不断下滑、无法给市场贡献价值，那么它们为什么还能存在到今天呢？为什么还是会有一些人（虽然数量越来越少）会关注卖方研究呢？\n原因有两个，或者说，在我看来主要有两个：\n\n第一，在移动互联网时代以前，卖方可以扮演上市公司与资本市场的“传声筒”，调节市场预期，或者代替上市公司说一些不太适合直接说的话。\n第二，在移动互联网时代以前，详细、可靠、有时效性的专业研究是非常稀缺的；无论是投资人还是上市公司，想持续、深入地了解行业，只能依靠卖方研究了——就算卖方研究的质量不高也得忍着。\n\n关于第一点，举个例子：某上市公司觉得自己下个季度的业绩要滑坡，肯定达不到市场预期；但是它不想发个公告说“我的业绩完了”，而且业绩究竟完不完也是个未知数。这家公司的董秘或CFO多半会给熟悉的卖方分析师打个电话，把情况暗示一下，让卖方下调盈利预测。这样，如果下个季度真玩完，市场会有心理准备；如果下个季度没玩完，那也只是卖方的一家之言，上市公司不用负责任。\n这就是所谓的“调节市场预期”。高明的上市公司管理层会把卖方当成一块“海绵”，作为自己和市场之间的缓冲，必要时也可以背锅。此外，投资者的数量那么多，上市公司不可能一个一个去打招呼，有卖方作为“中间人”去统一协调总是好的。\n关于第二点，也很好理解：在1990或2000年代，甚至2010年代初期，要深入了解一个行业，除了依靠百科全书、行业年鉴、专业媒体，你还真只能依靠卖方研究。当时在市面上根本没有那么多可用的研究资料，就算花钱也买不到太多。尤其对于一些新兴行业或公司，除了卖方分析师，也没人发表意见了。卖方研究的质量当然谈不上多好，但是总比没有强吧。\n但是，请注意我在上文特意强调的那句话：“在移动互联网时代以前”。随着移动互联网浪潮的不断深入，卖方研究的上述用处正在不断降低，甚至可以说毫无用处可言。互联网改变了整个金融市场、整个证券行业，也改变了卖方研究这个看似“高端”“老派”“专业”的细分板块。\n卖方分析师的“传声筒”作用仍然存在，但是大幅衰减，因为现在市场上的声音太多了。以前，打开Wind或Bloomberg这样的金融终端，看一眼“卖方一致预期”，再看看最近哪家调高了预期、哪家调低了预期，你就能理解市场预期；现在完全不是了。说到底，卖方分析师能帮助“调节”的，不过是下个季度营业收入和每股收益的预期。可是谁说市场只关心下个季度的每股收益呢？如果市场更关心“公司现任管理层是否合格”，或者“公司所处的赛道是否足够长”，卖方分析师要如何去调节？\n而且，托社交网络和社交媒体之福，上市公司管理层越来越乐意直接与市场沟通了，这种沟通的难度也大大降低了。时至今日，你可以看到：公司董办通过微信公众号及时回答问题；稍微重要一点的投资者干脆跟管理层直接拉微信群；公司董秘或CFO去雪球做直播；微信电话和腾讯会议取代了传统的电话会议和邮件交流。当然，上市公司的信息披露必须注意合规，但是它们能够找到一条既高效又合规的途径。那些真正的“大人物”从来不需要卖方传话，而介于“大人物”与“普通人”之间的人，也越来越容易接触到管理层了。\n在对投资者和专业人士注意力的竞争方面，卖方分析师被打的溃不成军。现在至少有四股“专业研究力量”在争夺专业读者的信赖，而卖方对其中的任何一股都不占优势：\n\n专业自媒体。以互联网行业为例，如果我想认真了解某件事情，我肯定会求助于虎嗅、36氪这样的自媒体聚合平台，或者我最信任的几个微信公众号。自媒体肯定是良莠不齐的，但是券商研究也良莠不齐；自媒体谈不上中立、经常有软文/黑文，但是券商研究也完全谈不上中立、充斥着利益纠葛。自媒体好歹在认真写文章、好歹重视自己的品牌效应，而券商研究很多并不在乎砸自己的牌子（可能因为是实习生写的）。综合上述因素考虑，作为一个老资格的券商分析师，我还是决定相信自媒体。\n专业内容社区。例如雪球、知识星球甚至知乎，虽然里面也有不少垃圾内容，但是只要你肯花时间辨认，总是能找到宝贝的。鉴于这些“专业社区”的内容质量波动实在太大，我还是建议大家不要以它们为“第一参考读物”，而是作为一种有益的补充，但是这也弥足珍贵了。\n咨询公司或第三方数据商。在互联网行业，典型的例子就是QuestMobile, TrustData, TalkingData, App Annie, 极光大数据等。尤其是QM或TD的数据，几乎无人不引用；它们还会根据数据撰写详尽的季度、年度报告。讲真，对于一般的研究者而言，这些咨询公司/数据商的报告已经够用了。很多互联网公司的战略/投资/运营部门也会参考上述公司的研究成果，可见它们至少得到了一部分业内人士的认可——而卖方研究得不到这样的认可。\n品牌得到认可的专业媒体。在互联网行业最著名的就是晚点——只有没发生的消息，没有他们搞不到的消息。如果你追求信息时效性，看看晚点就够了。还有一些媒体的互联网记者团队很强，在此就不列举了。听到什么小道消息，与其请卖方分析师帮忙验证，还真不如交几个靠谱的记者朋友，让他们验证（准确度更高，还不花钱）。\n\n此时此刻，如果你打开一份卖方研究报告，我是指长达三五十页、首页列了四五个作者、光是目录页码就长达两页的那种“砖头深度报告”，你多半会看到下列内容：\n\n公司历史沿革/公司管理层介绍。毫无疑问是抄的招股说明书或年报，人人皆知，纯粹是拿来凑字数的。在这种章节浪费一分钟时间都嫌多。如果你确实不了解公司历史，建议直接登录官网看个痛快。\n行业情况概述。毫无疑问，要么抄了知乎精华问答，要么抄了虎嗅/36氪年度经典文章；更low一点的干脆直接抄百度百科。其实这也不丢人，当初我不懂怎么写报告的时候，也抄过维基百科的内容——有些人一抄却抄了一辈子。那么问题来了：与其读这篇又臭又长的研究报告，为什么我不直接去读知乎回答，或者自媒体文章，或者百度百科？\n行业数据及分析。如果是互联网/传媒/电商行业的研究，那么毫无疑问抄了QM或TD；抄App Annie的倒不是很多，可能是因为订阅价太贵。抄抄数据本身也就罢了，然则很多报告是连分析带结论一起抄的，彻底沦为QM或TD观点的二道贩子。那么问题来了：与其读这篇二道贩子的研究报告，为什么我不直接去读QM或TD的报告？人家很多报告还是免费的呢。\n公司业务或商业模式简介。很可能有一点干货，例如与上市公司直接沟通或调研的结果，可以读一读。问题在于，这些干货经常埋在大批不知所云的口水话里面，分不清重点。毕竟大部分深度报告都是实习生写的，实习生拼命灌水冲KPI是可以理解的。\n业务及财务预测。一般而言，干货都集中在此处，充分体现了卖方首席与上市公司勾兑的结果。问题在于，上市公司管理层也很精，也越来越懂得合规，凭什么要给你独家消息。如果是不重要的信息，那么你有大家也有；如果是重要的信息，那么你就算有了多半也不敢写。这段一般还是值得读的，可惜执笔人往往还是实习生。\n风险提示：彻头彻尾的废话，完全是为了合规而写，别看，看了也没用。\n\n我们可以坦率地指出——绝大部分的券商研究，在干货上打不过QM、TD或App Annie（甚至被拉出代差），在分析逻辑上打不过自媒体，在信息准确度和时效性上打不过财经媒体，在形式和可读性方面则被上述竞争对手同时完爆……\n讲真，绝大部分券商研究，不但趣味性比不上半佛仙人或巫师财经，就连干货也比不上半佛仙人或巫师财经。你们不要以为我是半佛的托——起码人家去年就指出了瑞幸咖啡是一场骗局（我也在稍晚指出了），而几家大券商的分析师直到今年2月还在拼命给瑞幸咖啡站台，一直站到台子塌了为止。\n你们也不要以为我是巫师的托——虽然他说什么“2003年非典成就了淘宝”有点不专业，起码人家还是把电商行业早期的历史撸过一遍、认真整理了材料的。如果我们对比一下某些券商写的“电商行业综合研究报告”，就会发现其中犯的常识错误比巫师严重一百倍，而且（挂名的）作者可能根本没意识到，因为报告是实习生写的。\n说实话，半佛、巫师这样的娱乐导向的“知识类自媒体”，居然能在专业水准上也把大批券商研究爆成渣，你说这些券商研究还有什么价值？\n更不要说那些著名的互联网研究自媒体，成名已久的公众号、虎嗅、36氪大V们，写的东西不但深刻而且可读，影响力很大，随时能跟互联网大佬谈笑风生——咱们就说卖方分析师怎么跟他们比吧……就算对股价的影响力也已经远远落后了，人家的一篇10万+真能立即拉一个或砸一个涨停。（注：本人绝非互联网大V，粉丝和影响力差了一个数量级，仅仅是个小学生而已。）\n不可否认，中资券商研究所、外资投行研究部里面确实还是有聪明人的，每年也还是会有许多理想主义的年轻人进入这一行。我当然无意把卖方研究“一棒子打死”。我只是说：大部分卖方研究缺乏价值，大部分投资者和专业人士已经意识到了。竞争对手越来越强，读者越来越聪明，不好忽悠了。\n再这么玩两年，上文中的“大部分”一词恐怕就要换成“全部”了。届时券商研究可能就彻底丧失专业意义上的参考价值了。这一天到底会不会到来呢？\n我说了不算，大家说呢？","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1529,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":943777750,"gmtCreate":1594728673170,"gmtModify":1704206546897,"author":{"id":"7436355058528383","authorId":"7436355058528383","name":"sstone","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/a2ef96287a98200bc77833c9636ed4a9","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"7436355058528383","idStr":"7436355058528383"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BIDU\">$百度(BIDU)$</a>怎么连谷歌的零头也没有了","text":"$百度(BIDU)$怎么连谷歌的零头也没有了","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/943777750","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1907,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":943158967,"gmtCreate":1594423138359,"gmtModify":1704205707734,"author":{"id":"7436355058528383","authorId":"7436355058528383","name":"sstone","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/a2ef96287a98200bc77833c9636ed4a9","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"7436355058528383","idStr":"7436355058528383"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"我就是个标准的日间交易者","listText":"我就是个标准的日间交易者","text":"我就是个标准的日间交易者","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/943158967","repostId":"1152202937","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1152202937","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1594384945,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1152202937?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2020-07-10 20:42","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"从100万血亏至不到1万！多数美股散户注定以悲剧收场？","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1152202937","media":"腾讯美股","summary":"“他们使一切变得极为便利，哪怕对股票一无所知的人也能够轻松上手。于是你去了他们的平台，等着你的命运就是赔钱。”这就是近日，一位名叫多巴茨（Richard Dobatse）的美股散户投资者对《纽约时报》","content":"<blockquote>\n <i>“他们使一切变得极为便利，哪怕对股票一无所知的人也能够轻松上手。于是你去了他们的平台，等着你的命运就是赔钱。”这就是近日，一位名叫多巴茨（Richard Dobatse）的美股散户投资者对《<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NYT\">纽约时报</a>》撰稿人这样总结了自己的“多么痛的领悟”。</i>\n</blockquote>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c54bd228bd6294b1a3a038a31245f207\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"368\"></p>\n<p>多巴茨所指的“他们”，当然就是当下高度活跃的美股新日间交易散户的聚集地Robinhood平台。他是被这一app各种花狸狐哨的设定吸引过去的，这些手段使得复杂的投资看上去更像是简单的游戏，魅惑了很多用户。</p>\n<p>他是2017年“入坑”的，最初用信用卡预付了1.5万美元开户，而在不断遭遇亏损之后，又不得不借了合计3万美元的房屋净值贷款。</p>\n<p>今年，他似乎时来运转了，几个月里，账户净资产一度膨胀到了100万美元。然后，一切就分崩离析了，接受采访时，他账户里只剩下了6950美元。</p>\n<p>他的妻子介绍说，多巴茨“做交易时，甚至连饭都不想吃”，晚上“他还会做噩梦”。</p>\n<p>这篇报道再度将Robinhood和疫情期间诞生的一代宅家散户推到了聚光灯下。今年早些时候，一位二十岁的大学生卡恩斯（Alex Kearns）自杀身亡，就已经引发了关于这一群体和他们行为的广泛讨论。当时，他错误地以为自己的Robinhood账户已经欠债超过70万美元，于是留下了“一个二十岁、没有任何收入的人怎么会被系统分配了近百万美元的杠杆？”的遗书，与世长辞。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/208eb31ef23694d6851fc5ae81b17b92\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"311\"></p>\n<p>如果只是去看这些散户的网上社区，比如Reddit的WallStreetBets群组或者其他论坛，人们很容易就会以为他们都是超级成功者，但正如前面两篇报道所显示的，事实其实远没有那么美妙。</p>\n<p>理财咨询公司Cerulli专门追踪券商数据的专家史密斯（Scott Smith）就坦言，也许现在由于美股近几个月的戏剧性大涨行情，这些散户当中颇有不少人赚了些钱，但是长期来看，日间交易群体赚钱其实是例外，赔钱才是必然。他在《纽约时报》报道中对Robinhood的评价是：“他们是在怂恿自行车都搞不掂的人去骑摩托车。长期而言，这种行为其实就等于试图从赌场手中抢钱。”</p>\n<p>赌客想要击败赌场，当然几乎是不可能，但是日间交易者要赚钱，真的就这么难么？事实胜于雄辩，投资社区网站Tradeciety曾经发布过一组有趣的统计结果。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c495d092fe74505816a7858a25432a72\" tg-width=\"538\" tg-height=\"382\"></p>\n<ol>\n <li><p>&nbsp;80%的日间交易者都坚持不了两年。</p></li>\n <li><p>平均而言，全部散户的表现每年落后大盘1.5%，而日间交易散户落后6.5%。</p></li>\n <li><p>平均而言，全部日间交易者当中每年只有平均1.6%能够赚钱。</p></li>\n <li><p>越是没钱的散户，投入日间交易的资金相对于他们的总收入的占比越高。其中，那些穷困的、年轻的、居住于城市的少数族裔尤其如此。</p></li>\n <li><p>日间交易者倾向于卖掉上涨的股票，而不肯放弃下跌的。</p></li>\n <li><p>中国台湾2002年4月引入乐透彩票后，当地日间交易量骤降大约25%。</p></li>\n <li><p>日间交易者再度购入自己曾经赚钱的股票的概率要远大于自己曾经赔钱的股票。</p></li>\n <li><p>日间交易者不喜欢学习交易技巧。</p></li>\n <li><p>在扣除各种交易成本后，日间交易者的亏损还会进一步增大。</p></li>\n <li><p>日间交易者往往倾向于增持自己所在行业的股票。</p></li>\n</ol>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/880368296fea372393d93e4d4e3f551b\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"311\"></p>\n<p>显然，关于日间交易散户的现实确实不怎么美好。那么，为何大多数日间交易散户都只能是悲剧收场呢？理财入门网站THE ROBUST TRADER列出了十大原因。</p>\n<p><b>1. 没有策略和规划</b></p>\n<p>要做交易，就必须有一个长期愿景，以及达成愿景的可靠规划，在不同的策略之间不停切换，乃至于全凭心血来潮做决定，注定是不会有好果子吃的。</p>\n<p><b>2.&nbsp;没有自己的优势</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/08e87fecacfafb655d4a5e74cf883ae1\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"369\"></p>\n<p>这是日间交易者遭遇失败的最重大原因之一。要在市场上获得成功，必须保证自己至少在某方面拥有一定优势，而大多数散户都做不到这一点。</p>\n<p><b>3. 全无纪律</b></p>\n<p>没有优势就已经很糟糕了，再没有坚持既定策略的纪律，后果就只能是雪上加霜。要克制住自己的各种情绪，自己的“直觉”对市场的判断，一切以冰冷的策略为根据，其实难度极高。</p>\n<p><b>4. 下注过大</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8bd6ecceb3d627359ca0c15742ae9b1a\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"311\"></p>\n<p>哪怕投资者有了策略、优势和纪律，也没有谁能够保证每次交易都会成功，而交易生涯的可持续性很大程度上就要看每次交易的头寸规模。如果每次投入的资金都相当于全部本钱的2%，则连续失败十次也就损失20%，而如果每次都投入10%，连续失败十次就意味着血本无归。不要只想着买得多赚得多，也要想想赔了怎么办。</p>\n<p><b>5. 盲目自大</b></p>\n<p>不管是在生活还是在交易当中，人们总是可能会将某种其实完全是运气造成的结果当成自己能力的体现，由此越走越远。尤其是那些依靠“直觉”的散户，在根本没有什么真正能力的情况下，靠着概率也可能有一些成功的交易，而因此变得胆子越来越大，直到万劫不复。</p>\n<p><b>6. 没有应变预案</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d608172233396f8073700dd988680bb3\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"311\"></p>\n<p>许多新玩家都相信，自己只要找到一种对的策略，就可以一直赚钱下去了，然而事实就是，没有任何一种策略是会永远有效的。市场总是会变的，当既有的策略已经与市场脱节，你该用什么新策略来代替？你又如何判断更换策略的时间节点？</p>\n<p><b>7. 不做交易记录</b></p>\n<p>在日间交易所必需的功课当中，做交易记录是非常重要的一项。每一笔交易的时间、对象、金额、信号、预设入场点或退场点、止损手段、总体盈亏等都应该记录下来，这样可以帮助你总结和成长。</p>\n<p><b>8. 预期不切实际</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e399779ca62ba58654517d36ea80571c\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"291\"></p>\n<p>今日的网络世界充斥着各种似是而非的内容，经常会有一些所谓专家宣称，达成每年三位数，乃至四位数的回报都是轻而易举的事情，让人很容易受到蛊惑。然而实际上，这样的回报在短期内也只有少数人能够达到，而长期来看，根本就是子虚乌有。</p>\n<p><b>9. 处理不好心理压力</b></p>\n<p>许多人都从一开始就将日间交易看成了一个轻松赚钱的游戏，然而现实其实要冷酷得多，一路上，交易者会遇到各种各样的心理压力，以及各种各样的冲动。比如，日间交易散户经常会在心理因素驱使下犯下这些错误：不肯按照策略发出的信号做交易；忍不住去做策略没有发出信号的交易；死活不肯割肉，幻想再过一些时间，下跌的股票就能涨回来；过早卖掉上涨的股票以求心安。</p>\n<p><b>10. 不肯下苦功夫</b></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f0f20809ac2781d912106b81fdcd790d\" tg-width=\"554\" tg-height=\"311\"></p>\n<p>世界上从来就没有轻松赚钱的方法，何况是在股市当中和那么多其他人，那么多其他资金去博弈。日间交易者必须找到和不断验证可靠的策略，不断紧盯策略发出的信号，不断关注市场的变化……如果不能每天都在电脑前投入几个小时，拿这至少当一份兼职工作来干，就不要走这条路。</p>\n<p>遗憾的是，类似这样的建议，在理财顾问和金融教育专家那里早已经是老生常谈，但是日间交易散户群体依然前仆后继，从来不曾从人们视野当中消失。尤其是当下疫情造就的宅家新世代，哪怕麦基尔（Burton Malkiel）、马克斯（Howard Marks）、库珀曼（Leon Cooperman）等等名震业界的大佬一再发出警告，他们也只是一笑置之——毕竟他们的最大特点之一，就是蔑视一切既有权威，连巴菲特（Warren Buffett）都要踩在脚下的。</p>\n<p>等待着他们的命运，会和前辈们不同吗？</p>","source":"txmg","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>从100万血亏至不到1万！多数美股散户注定以悲剧收场？</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; 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display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n从100万血亏至不到1万！多数美股散户注定以悲剧收场？\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2020-07-10 20:42 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/c0QsiIOds578x7gf8fgw8g><strong>腾讯美股</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>“他们使一切变得极为便利，哪怕对股票一无所知的人也能够轻松上手。于是你去了他们的平台，等着你的命运就是赔钱。”这就是近日，一位名叫多巴茨（Richard Dobatse）的美股散户投资者对《纽约时报》撰稿人这样总结了自己的“多么痛的领悟”。\n\n\n多巴茨所指的“他们”，当然就是当下高度活跃的美股新日间交易散户的聚集地Robinhood平台。他是被这一app各种花狸狐哨的设定吸引过去的，这些手段使得...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/c0QsiIOds578x7gf8fgw8g\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/32f76f2b955be371110b877bebef37ba","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯","SPY":"标普500ETF",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/c0QsiIOds578x7gf8fgw8g","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1152202937","content_text":"“他们使一切变得极为便利，哪怕对股票一无所知的人也能够轻松上手。于是你去了他们的平台，等着你的命运就是赔钱。”这就是近日，一位名叫多巴茨（Richard Dobatse）的美股散户投资者对《纽约时报》撰稿人这样总结了自己的“多么痛的领悟”。\n\n\n多巴茨所指的“他们”，当然就是当下高度活跃的美股新日间交易散户的聚集地Robinhood平台。他是被这一app各种花狸狐哨的设定吸引过去的，这些手段使得复杂的投资看上去更像是简单的游戏，魅惑了很多用户。\n他是2017年“入坑”的，最初用信用卡预付了1.5万美元开户，而在不断遭遇亏损之后，又不得不借了合计3万美元的房屋净值贷款。\n今年，他似乎时来运转了，几个月里，账户净资产一度膨胀到了100万美元。然后，一切就分崩离析了，接受采访时，他账户里只剩下了6950美元。\n他的妻子介绍说，多巴茨“做交易时，甚至连饭都不想吃”，晚上“他还会做噩梦”。\n这篇报道再度将Robinhood和疫情期间诞生的一代宅家散户推到了聚光灯下。今年早些时候，一位二十岁的大学生卡恩斯（Alex Kearns）自杀身亡，就已经引发了关于这一群体和他们行为的广泛讨论。当时，他错误地以为自己的Robinhood账户已经欠债超过70万美元，于是留下了“一个二十岁、没有任何收入的人怎么会被系统分配了近百万美元的杠杆？”的遗书，与世长辞。\n\n如果只是去看这些散户的网上社区，比如Reddit的WallStreetBets群组或者其他论坛，人们很容易就会以为他们都是超级成功者，但正如前面两篇报道所显示的，事实其实远没有那么美妙。\n理财咨询公司Cerulli专门追踪券商数据的专家史密斯（Scott Smith）就坦言，也许现在由于美股近几个月的戏剧性大涨行情，这些散户当中颇有不少人赚了些钱，但是长期来看，日间交易群体赚钱其实是例外，赔钱才是必然。他在《纽约时报》报道中对Robinhood的评价是：“他们是在怂恿自行车都搞不掂的人去骑摩托车。长期而言，这种行为其实就等于试图从赌场手中抢钱。”\n赌客想要击败赌场，当然几乎是不可能，但是日间交易者要赚钱，真的就这么难么？事实胜于雄辩，投资社区网站Tradeciety曾经发布过一组有趣的统计结果。\n\n\n 80%的日间交易者都坚持不了两年。\n平均而言，全部散户的表现每年落后大盘1.5%，而日间交易散户落后6.5%。\n平均而言，全部日间交易者当中每年只有平均1.6%能够赚钱。\n越是没钱的散户，投入日间交易的资金相对于他们的总收入的占比越高。其中，那些穷困的、年轻的、居住于城市的少数族裔尤其如此。\n日间交易者倾向于卖掉上涨的股票，而不肯放弃下跌的。\n中国台湾2002年4月引入乐透彩票后，当地日间交易量骤降大约25%。\n日间交易者再度购入自己曾经赚钱的股票的概率要远大于自己曾经赔钱的股票。\n日间交易者不喜欢学习交易技巧。\n在扣除各种交易成本后，日间交易者的亏损还会进一步增大。\n日间交易者往往倾向于增持自己所在行业的股票。\n\n\n显然，关于日间交易散户的现实确实不怎么美好。那么，为何大多数日间交易散户都只能是悲剧收场呢？理财入门网站THE ROBUST TRADER列出了十大原因。\n1. 没有策略和规划\n要做交易，就必须有一个长期愿景，以及达成愿景的可靠规划，在不同的策略之间不停切换，乃至于全凭心血来潮做决定，注定是不会有好果子吃的。\n2. 没有自己的优势\n\n这是日间交易者遭遇失败的最重大原因之一。要在市场上获得成功，必须保证自己至少在某方面拥有一定优势，而大多数散户都做不到这一点。\n3. 全无纪律\n没有优势就已经很糟糕了，再没有坚持既定策略的纪律，后果就只能是雪上加霜。要克制住自己的各种情绪，自己的“直觉”对市场的判断，一切以冰冷的策略为根据，其实难度极高。\n4. 下注过大\n\n哪怕投资者有了策略、优势和纪律，也没有谁能够保证每次交易都会成功，而交易生涯的可持续性很大程度上就要看每次交易的头寸规模。如果每次投入的资金都相当于全部本钱的2%，则连续失败十次也就损失20%，而如果每次都投入10%，连续失败十次就意味着血本无归。不要只想着买得多赚得多，也要想想赔了怎么办。\n5. 盲目自大\n不管是在生活还是在交易当中，人们总是可能会将某种其实完全是运气造成的结果当成自己能力的体现，由此越走越远。尤其是那些依靠“直觉”的散户，在根本没有什么真正能力的情况下，靠着概率也可能有一些成功的交易，而因此变得胆子越来越大，直到万劫不复。\n6. 没有应变预案\n\n许多新玩家都相信，自己只要找到一种对的策略，就可以一直赚钱下去了，然而事实就是，没有任何一种策略是会永远有效的。市场总是会变的，当既有的策略已经与市场脱节，你该用什么新策略来代替？你又如何判断更换策略的时间节点？\n7. 不做交易记录\n在日间交易所必需的功课当中，做交易记录是非常重要的一项。每一笔交易的时间、对象、金额、信号、预设入场点或退场点、止损手段、总体盈亏等都应该记录下来，这样可以帮助你总结和成长。\n8. 预期不切实际\n\n今日的网络世界充斥着各种似是而非的内容，经常会有一些所谓专家宣称，达成每年三位数，乃至四位数的回报都是轻而易举的事情，让人很容易受到蛊惑。然而实际上，这样的回报在短期内也只有少数人能够达到，而长期来看，根本就是子虚乌有。\n9. 处理不好心理压力\n许多人都从一开始就将日间交易看成了一个轻松赚钱的游戏，然而现实其实要冷酷得多，一路上，交易者会遇到各种各样的心理压力，以及各种各样的冲动。比如，日间交易散户经常会在心理因素驱使下犯下这些错误：不肯按照策略发出的信号做交易；忍不住去做策略没有发出信号的交易；死活不肯割肉，幻想再过一些时间，下跌的股票就能涨回来；过早卖掉上涨的股票以求心安。\n10. 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