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ginobili
2021-12-08
冬天真的要来了
疑云:19家互联网大厂裁员,这预示着什么?
ginobili
2021-12-01
电动车中的垃圾车[笑哭]
小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%
ginobili
2021-10-11
$水滴(WDH)$
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ginobili
2021-09-22
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终于翻身
ginobili
2021-09-21
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[财迷] [财迷] [财迷]
ginobili
2021-09-10
血亏[愤怒] [愤怒] [愤怒]
ginobili
2021-08-31
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2021-08-27
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2021-08-19
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2021-08-17
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ginobili
2021-08-13
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[喷血] [喷血]
ginobili
2021-08-12
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[得意]
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2021-08-04
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2021-07-30
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2021-07-19
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ginobili
2021-07-15
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快毕业了
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2021-07-09
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太惨
ginobili
2021-07-07
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终于上岸了
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2021-07-06
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2021-07-02
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23:04","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"疑云:19家互联网大厂裁员,这预示着什么?","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1113571364","media":"财经天下周刊","summary":"裁员的消息在互联网圈蔓延。","content":"<p>撰文 / 《财经天下》周刊作者 周享玥 许歌 薛永玮</p>\n<p><b>19家互联网公司裁员疑云</b></p>\n<p>裁员的消息在互联网圈蔓延。</p>\n<p>12月6日早上,在北京海淀一家互联网公司上班的清阳,刚到公司便被领导叫去办公室。门刚关上,领导便告诉她,由于公司架构调整,需要裁员,她所在的部门要从8人缩成3人。她发现除了被裁的,“剩下的就是领导及其亲信”。</p>\n<p>紧接着,HR在下午找她谈话,通知她第二天办完所有手续。“从没觉得公司办事效率这么高”,34岁的清阳感觉脑袋嗡嗡作响,就在上周她还跻身公司优秀员工榜。</p>\n<p>其实在年初,清阳就感觉公司在走下坡路,股价逐渐跌破发行价,并开始抓考勤制度,倍感不安的清阳也悄悄开始看机会,但没想到裁员来得这么快,“也许紧迫度不够,如今才这么被动”。</p>\n<p>清阳是个要强的人,34岁未婚,一心扑在工作上。在她的人生规划里,“从没想过自己有朝一日会被裁员,心理上没有这种准备”。这两天她也在反思自己,“是自己太笨,一段时间内只能做一件事,还是对自己不够狠,今天的自己是小时候不敢想的自己”,她甚至沮丧到用两个“无”形容自己——一无所有、一事无成。</p>\n<p>更早之前,裁员其实已经开始在互联网大厂上演。</p>\n<p>“从9月开始,部门被裁的人有20个以上,一半人都走了。”一位<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">腾讯</a>的员工对《财经天下》周刊说,从今年7月份开始,部门领导就已经口头发出裁员预警,表示今年因为业绩不好会裁一波人,让大家都做好准备。</p>\n<p>“裁员在陆陆续续进行,员工分批离开,直到10月告一段落。”该腾讯员工说,裁的主要是一些小业务部门。据他透露,正式裁员名单里,有的最后选择了转岗,有的则选择了拿赔偿走人。</p>\n<p>同样是9月,字节跳动员工被张楠的OKR搞得人心惶惶。作为字节跳动中国区CEO,张楠在8月和9月的OKR中,明确写着要“去肥增瘦”,过去一年,字节跳动扩张太快,在全球有十几万员工,造成了大量人员冗余。</p>\n<p>“一般裁年龄大的和在试用期内的,这两个最节省成本。”一位字节跳动负责垂类内容运营的员工告诉《财经天下》周刊,他今年刚毕业,还在试用期内。听到裁员消息后,他身边的一些同事已经开始主动找下家,“毕业还不满半年,试用期都还没过,被裁的话可能连赔偿都拿不到”。</p>\n<p>而另一位已经被字节跳动裁掉的员工对《财经天下》周刊透露,也是在张楠更新“去肥增瘦”的OKR之后,他们所在城市的本地生活团队被裁撤了70%。然而,这位员工不久前又去面试了<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WUBA\">58同城</a>,到了谈薪酬阶段,HR却告诉他,“岗位已经关闭了,今年不再招人了”。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d76055420e08c049616b871c059be79d\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"413\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>更大的裁员风暴来自12月。月初,<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IQ\">爱奇艺</a>被媒体报道称正在裁员,裁员比例在20%-40%之间,裁员补偿暂按N+1发放。爱奇艺官方尚未明确回复,只说“以官方信息为准”。</p>\n<p>快手也正在此时进行新一轮裁员。据澎湃新闻报道,快手北上广深的商业化团队将在年底前完成转型,部分业务线被取消,而剩余业务线将在年底搬到杭州,“搬家和离职之间,二选一”。一位认证为快手员工的脉脉用户则表示,自己12月初收到了裁员通知,但并被告知“如果想拿N+1,那就留进档案,离职证明会被写上‘不能胜任工作’”。于是转而向网友求助,不知该如何选择。</p>\n<p>一张社交网络疯传的裁员统计图将焦虑的情绪推到了顶点。图片里罗列了19家互联网知名企业的裁员情况,名单里包括爱奇艺、快手、腾讯、阿里、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BIDU\">百度</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DIDI\">滴滴</a>、苏宁、携程、瓜子车、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WDH\">水滴</a>筹等。</p>\n<p>有知情人士向《财经天下》周刊透露,百度近期裁员一事属实,主要涉及电商部门。一位水滴筹内部人员也表示,公司最近裁员一事基本属实,主要涉及顾问团队及保险销售团队,“水滴最多员工达到11000人,现在人数在6000上下”。</p>\n<p>但一位腾讯PCG基层员工向AI财经社否认了“腾讯PCG裁员30%”的传闻,表示至少自己所在团队尚未出现变动,PCG也尚未发出裁员通知。</p>\n<p>而据《财经天下》周刊不完全统计,在这场流传甚广的19家互联网企业裁员名单中,除百度无人驾驶部门裁员、携程总部裁员30%没找到公开报道外,近期有裁员报道的只有腾讯PCG部门、字节跳动、水滴筹、爱奇艺、快手,剩下的裁员信息基本发生在2019年底或2018年底,并非最近之事。</p>\n<p><b>大厂为什么裁员?</b></p>\n<p>互联网大厂最新这波裁员潮,并非无迹可寻。</p>\n<p>一个最典型的例子是,2021年11月,在快手和爱奇艺第三季度电话会议上,两家公司的掌门人程一笑和龚宇,实际上都已经不约而同地给到了外界有关裁员的暗示。</p>\n<p>快手CEO程一笑说,“快手对降本增效一直抱有很大的决心,并已从第三季度开始付诸行动。”爱奇艺董事长兼CEO龚宇则称,“对爱奇艺来说,当前重点是开源节流,主要是砍掉低效率的业务、项目,增加和尝试新的货币化机会。”</p>\n<p>尽管二者语言表述并不完全一样,但不难看出,两家公司都提到要节约成本,提高效率。而降低成本最迅速和有效的手段,无疑是裁撤冗余的业务板块和低效率员工。</p>\n<p>这一点从此次互联网大厂裁员涉及到的具体业务部门中可窥一斑。不管是这次处在裁员潮暴风眼的快手还是爱奇艺,又或是此前大规模裁员的字节跳动等企业,从裁员结果来看,涉及最多的要么是不赚钱甚至还在大量烧钱的非主营业务,要么是政策发生变化而不得不进行缩减的业务。</p>\n<p>比如快手被曝将大幅裁员30%的消息中,被提及最多的还是国际业务和游戏业务。</p>\n<p>尽管快手早在2017年初就在越南等地率先上线了国际版Kwai,先于<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DYIN\">抖音</a>开启了国际化征程,但其国际化表现算不上特别理想。大规模的烧钱拉新,并没能给快手带来拓展市场所需的高效率,反而使其人力营销市场费用长期居高不下。</p>\n<p>今年8月,据《晚点》报道,上半年烧了55亿元后,快手已经决定将原有的三个海外App合并成为一个App,并将运营重点从获取新用户转为留住老用户。11月的三季度电话会议上,程一笑更是坦言对海外策略进行了优化和调整,要“更聚焦于重点区域的发展,提升单一市场的效率”,而对一些低回报率的市场则大幅减少了投放。</p>\n<p>游戏这个一度被视为互联网行业最赚钱的业务,则因版号缩紧,监管趋严等因素,使得快手、字节跳动这些后来者卡在了“半山腰”,成了这些公司一个需要大量烧钱,且短期内难以贡献营收的包袱。于是,2021年10月,字节跳动率先动刀,旗下游戏平台Ohayoo人员调整了数十人。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bb86ec7eae8f897c798bdc8490d088bc\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"367\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>爱奇艺这波裁员波及范围更加广泛,根据目前曝出的消息,影业、IP、游戏、文学、电商等几乎所有部门均有涉及。</p>\n<p>业内人士分析称,爱奇艺这次裁员之所以波及如此之广,其中一个很重要的原因在于“<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>树”战略的失利。</p>\n<p>2016年爱奇艺世界·大会上,龚宇给爱奇艺画了一棵苹果树,这棵树上每一颗苹果都代表了爱奇艺的一个细分业务内容,影视、UGC、PGC、网络小说、直播、游戏等若干个苹果组成了爱奇艺这棵完整的苹果树。两年后,同样是爱奇艺世界·大会上,这棵“苹果树”,再次进化为了一个“苹果园”。围绕苹果树及升级以后的苹果园战略,爱奇艺希望能够从原创IP出发,进行多链路开发和精细化运营,打造具有生态系统的“独立公司”,并最终实现“一鱼多吃”。</p>\n<p>为了打造爱奇艺的“苹果园”生态,2019年的爱奇艺世界·大会上,爱奇艺创始人、CEO龚宇一口气揭幕了旗下21款产品矩阵,涵盖VR、短视频、文学、动漫、直播、体育、游戏等众多领域。</p>\n<p>伴随着业务扩张,爱奇艺的员工规模也达到了峰值。数据显示,截至2019年末,爱奇艺的员工数量已经高达8889人,较三年前(2016年)的4794名员工数,涨了85.42%。</p>\n<p>而与背靠阿里的优酷和发家于腾讯的腾讯视频不同,爱奇艺虽然也有BAT中的百度入股,但更多是“被放养”的状态。龚宇不止一次强调爱奇艺是一家独立发展的公司,后期的数据增长也是更多依赖于自身的内容体系,而非像优酷和腾讯视频一样,从大股东那儿获益良多。也正因为此,爱奇艺在很多成本项目上,甚至是带宽成本,都比腾讯视频和优酷要付出得多,也是一直以来最烧钱的一个。</p>\n<p>事实上,“亏损”一直是爱奇艺身上绕不开的一个词,即使从2018年美国上市算起,总计亏损额也已经超过300亿。也因此,资本补血成为了常态,2018年至今,爱奇艺就曾三次发债融资近27.5亿美元。不过,随着中概股在美国市场碰壁,叠加疫情等的影响,发债补血这条路显然已经不好走,今年一整年,爱奇艺都没有公布过发债计划,但有消息称,它正在寻求港股二次上市。</p>\n<p>在此背景下,爱奇艺的裁员,在部分业内人士看来,一定程度上也是爱奇艺主动调整、降本增效的结果。</p>\n<p><b>裁员未必是坏事</b></p>\n<p>字节跳动、腾讯、快手、爱奇艺、百度、滴滴……一众互联网大厂似乎在此轮裁员潮中无一幸免。</p>\n<p>“感觉现在很多互联网公司都在集体哭穷,大家都在控制规模,不让自己增长太快,也不做无序扩张了。”一位互联网大厂员工告诉《财经天下》周刊。</p>\n<p>事实上,今年以来,的确有很多风光的互联网企业都一改此前的高调作风,更多开始“塑造”不赚钱或者亏损的形象。</p>\n<p>最明显的例子是,在最新公布的多份三季报中,各互联网大厂的业绩增长均出现了放缓趋势。</p>\n<p>阿里实现营收2006.9亿元,同比增长29%,但若不考虑合并<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/06808\">高鑫零售</a>带来的影响,增速仅为16%;而其净利润在非公认会计准则下,则同比下降39%至285.24亿元。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/JD\">京东</a>营收2187亿元,同比增长25.5%,与上一季度基本持平,但净利润却由盈转亏,同比下滑了137.12%。即使按照非公认会计准则计算,其净利润也仅为50亿元,同比依然下降了11%。</p>\n<p>至于百度,营收319亿元,同比增长13%,略低于上一季度20%的增速;净亏损166亿元,同比下滑221%;而非公认会计准则下净利润为50.9亿元,同比也下滑了27%。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/92b5e01d0278ec6f0842d8fe2ebd84ab\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"367\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p>一个明显的趋势是,在反垄断大势下,互联网发展的黄金时代已经逐渐进入尾声。互联网公司财报的“集体失速”是其中一个体现,裁员又是另外一个鲜明表现。</p>\n<p>但从另一方面来看,这波裁员也并不意味着一定是件坏事。从某种意义上来说,互联网大厂在年关前裁员的动作,实际上也暗示着过去那种以规模换增长的无序扩张时代的结束。</p>\n<p>如信奉“大力出奇迹”和烧钱扩张策略下杀出一片天地的字节跳动和快手,就已经在今年下半年纷纷进行组织架构调整,宣布实行事业部制。</p>\n<p>而据业内人士透露,事业部制,或者说BU制,一般适用于业务进入稳定期,从“创业”转向“守业”状态的企业。一家企业实行事业部制,本质上也意味着这家公司将告别疯狂开拓新业务,烧钱扩张的阶段,进入以主业维稳为主的新阶段。</p>\n<p>在11月初字节那场覆盖全业务的组织架构调整中,就着重强调了抖音这个主业的地位,包括今日头条、西瓜视频、头条搜索、头条百科以及国内垂直服务业务都被并入其中,成为“大抖音”。而快手在9月那波组织架构调整中,则在宣布设立电商事业部、商业化事业部、国际化事业部、游戏事业部四大事业部的同时,正式设立了主站产运线,对主站产品部、运营部、用户增长部、游戏生态、搜索等业务进行收拢。</p>\n<p>事实上,各家互联网大厂最近在防止无序扩张上也多有表态。</p>\n<p>11月的三季度电话会议中,快手和爱奇艺分别提及“降本增效”和“开源节流”两个关键词;字节跳动则在前不久的内部商业化全员大会中,坦言“过去半年国内广告收入停止增长,内部正在进行组织和战略复盘,认为确实存在业务和组织臃肿问题,强调业务创新和提升管理,淡化短期目标,争取长期突破”。</p>\n<p>除此之外,部分互联网大厂也在开始有意强调“投入”或者“助力”实体经济。腾讯2021年Q3财报显示,其研发开支达到了137.3亿元新高,而这些钱多被用在了云计算等基础建设领域。阿里最新一季的财报中,则在总收入项目中,强调了“由阿里云和菜鸟构成的企业数字化及服务板块收入已经在截至9月30日止的6个月同比增长32%,贡献了超过575亿元的收入,数字服务开始向实体经济领域延伸”这一点。</p>\n<p>某种意义上来说,互联网企业们正在主动放缓脚步,以更加理性的视角,规划自己在新的大环境中的前进方向。</p>\n<p>(清阳为化名)</p>","source":"lsy1571110535712","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>疑云:19家互联网大厂裁员,这预示着什么?</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; 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}\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n疑云:19家互联网大厂裁员,这预示着什么?\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-12-08 23:04 北京时间 <a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-ZZhSIiYpyVjPFEgo2z7bA><strong>财经天下周刊</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>撰文 / 《财经天下》周刊作者 周享玥 许歌 薛永玮\n19家互联网公司裁员疑云\n裁员的消息在互联网圈蔓延。\n12月6日早上,在北京海淀一家互联网公司上班的清阳,刚到公司便被领导叫去办公室。门刚关上,领导便告诉她,由于公司架构调整,需要裁员,她所在的部门要从8人缩成3人。她发现除了被裁的,“剩下的就是领导及其亲信”。\n紧接着,HR在下午找她谈话,通知她第二天办完所有手续。“从没觉得公司办事效率这么高...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-ZZhSIiYpyVjPFEgo2z7bA\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a7134764ab7c3346cdfbb3acb4e63d14","relate_stocks":{"QNETCN":"纳斯达克中美互联网老虎指数"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-ZZhSIiYpyVjPFEgo2z7bA","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1113571364","content_text":"撰文 / 《财经天下》周刊作者 周享玥 许歌 薛永玮\n19家互联网公司裁员疑云\n裁员的消息在互联网圈蔓延。\n12月6日早上,在北京海淀一家互联网公司上班的清阳,刚到公司便被领导叫去办公室。门刚关上,领导便告诉她,由于公司架构调整,需要裁员,她所在的部门要从8人缩成3人。她发现除了被裁的,“剩下的就是领导及其亲信”。\n紧接着,HR在下午找她谈话,通知她第二天办完所有手续。“从没觉得公司办事效率这么高”,34岁的清阳感觉脑袋嗡嗡作响,就在上周她还跻身公司优秀员工榜。\n其实在年初,清阳就感觉公司在走下坡路,股价逐渐跌破发行价,并开始抓考勤制度,倍感不安的清阳也悄悄开始看机会,但没想到裁员来得这么快,“也许紧迫度不够,如今才这么被动”。\n清阳是个要强的人,34岁未婚,一心扑在工作上。在她的人生规划里,“从没想过自己有朝一日会被裁员,心理上没有这种准备”。这两天她也在反思自己,“是自己太笨,一段时间内只能做一件事,还是对自己不够狠,今天的自己是小时候不敢想的自己”,她甚至沮丧到用两个“无”形容自己——一无所有、一事无成。\n更早之前,裁员其实已经开始在互联网大厂上演。\n“从9月开始,部门被裁的人有20个以上,一半人都走了。”一位腾讯的员工对《财经天下》周刊说,从今年7月份开始,部门领导就已经口头发出裁员预警,表示今年因为业绩不好会裁一波人,让大家都做好准备。\n“裁员在陆陆续续进行,员工分批离开,直到10月告一段落。”该腾讯员工说,裁的主要是一些小业务部门。据他透露,正式裁员名单里,有的最后选择了转岗,有的则选择了拿赔偿走人。\n同样是9月,字节跳动员工被张楠的OKR搞得人心惶惶。作为字节跳动中国区CEO,张楠在8月和9月的OKR中,明确写着要“去肥增瘦”,过去一年,字节跳动扩张太快,在全球有十几万员工,造成了大量人员冗余。\n“一般裁年龄大的和在试用期内的,这两个最节省成本。”一位字节跳动负责垂类内容运营的员工告诉《财经天下》周刊,他今年刚毕业,还在试用期内。听到裁员消息后,他身边的一些同事已经开始主动找下家,“毕业还不满半年,试用期都还没过,被裁的话可能连赔偿都拿不到”。\n而另一位已经被字节跳动裁掉的员工对《财经天下》周刊透露,也是在张楠更新“去肥增瘦”的OKR之后,他们所在城市的本地生活团队被裁撤了70%。然而,这位员工不久前又去面试了58同城,到了谈薪酬阶段,HR却告诉他,“岗位已经关闭了,今年不再招人了”。\n\n更大的裁员风暴来自12月。月初,爱奇艺被媒体报道称正在裁员,裁员比例在20%-40%之间,裁员补偿暂按N+1发放。爱奇艺官方尚未明确回复,只说“以官方信息为准”。\n快手也正在此时进行新一轮裁员。据澎湃新闻报道,快手北上广深的商业化团队将在年底前完成转型,部分业务线被取消,而剩余业务线将在年底搬到杭州,“搬家和离职之间,二选一”。一位认证为快手员工的脉脉用户则表示,自己12月初收到了裁员通知,但并被告知“如果想拿N+1,那就留进档案,离职证明会被写上‘不能胜任工作’”。于是转而向网友求助,不知该如何选择。\n一张社交网络疯传的裁员统计图将焦虑的情绪推到了顶点。图片里罗列了19家互联网知名企业的裁员情况,名单里包括爱奇艺、快手、腾讯、阿里、百度、滴滴、苏宁、携程、瓜子车、水滴筹等。\n有知情人士向《财经天下》周刊透露,百度近期裁员一事属实,主要涉及电商部门。一位水滴筹内部人员也表示,公司最近裁员一事基本属实,主要涉及顾问团队及保险销售团队,“水滴最多员工达到11000人,现在人数在6000上下”。\n但一位腾讯PCG基层员工向AI财经社否认了“腾讯PCG裁员30%”的传闻,表示至少自己所在团队尚未出现变动,PCG也尚未发出裁员通知。\n而据《财经天下》周刊不完全统计,在这场流传甚广的19家互联网企业裁员名单中,除百度无人驾驶部门裁员、携程总部裁员30%没找到公开报道外,近期有裁员报道的只有腾讯PCG部门、字节跳动、水滴筹、爱奇艺、快手,剩下的裁员信息基本发生在2019年底或2018年底,并非最近之事。\n大厂为什么裁员?\n互联网大厂最新这波裁员潮,并非无迹可寻。\n一个最典型的例子是,2021年11月,在快手和爱奇艺第三季度电话会议上,两家公司的掌门人程一笑和龚宇,实际上都已经不约而同地给到了外界有关裁员的暗示。\n快手CEO程一笑说,“快手对降本增效一直抱有很大的决心,并已从第三季度开始付诸行动。”爱奇艺董事长兼CEO龚宇则称,“对爱奇艺来说,当前重点是开源节流,主要是砍掉低效率的业务、项目,增加和尝试新的货币化机会。”\n尽管二者语言表述并不完全一样,但不难看出,两家公司都提到要节约成本,提高效率。而降低成本最迅速和有效的手段,无疑是裁撤冗余的业务板块和低效率员工。\n这一点从此次互联网大厂裁员涉及到的具体业务部门中可窥一斑。不管是这次处在裁员潮暴风眼的快手还是爱奇艺,又或是此前大规模裁员的字节跳动等企业,从裁员结果来看,涉及最多的要么是不赚钱甚至还在大量烧钱的非主营业务,要么是政策发生变化而不得不进行缩减的业务。\n比如快手被曝将大幅裁员30%的消息中,被提及最多的还是国际业务和游戏业务。\n尽管快手早在2017年初就在越南等地率先上线了国际版Kwai,先于抖音开启了国际化征程,但其国际化表现算不上特别理想。大规模的烧钱拉新,并没能给快手带来拓展市场所需的高效率,反而使其人力营销市场费用长期居高不下。\n今年8月,据《晚点》报道,上半年烧了55亿元后,快手已经决定将原有的三个海外App合并成为一个App,并将运营重点从获取新用户转为留住老用户。11月的三季度电话会议上,程一笑更是坦言对海外策略进行了优化和调整,要“更聚焦于重点区域的发展,提升单一市场的效率”,而对一些低回报率的市场则大幅减少了投放。\n游戏这个一度被视为互联网行业最赚钱的业务,则因版号缩紧,监管趋严等因素,使得快手、字节跳动这些后来者卡在了“半山腰”,成了这些公司一个需要大量烧钱,且短期内难以贡献营收的包袱。于是,2021年10月,字节跳动率先动刀,旗下游戏平台Ohayoo人员调整了数十人。\n\n爱奇艺这波裁员波及范围更加广泛,根据目前曝出的消息,影业、IP、游戏、文学、电商等几乎所有部门均有涉及。\n业内人士分析称,爱奇艺这次裁员之所以波及如此之广,其中一个很重要的原因在于“苹果树”战略的失利。\n2016年爱奇艺世界·大会上,龚宇给爱奇艺画了一棵苹果树,这棵树上每一颗苹果都代表了爱奇艺的一个细分业务内容,影视、UGC、PGC、网络小说、直播、游戏等若干个苹果组成了爱奇艺这棵完整的苹果树。两年后,同样是爱奇艺世界·大会上,这棵“苹果树”,再次进化为了一个“苹果园”。围绕苹果树及升级以后的苹果园战略,爱奇艺希望能够从原创IP出发,进行多链路开发和精细化运营,打造具有生态系统的“独立公司”,并最终实现“一鱼多吃”。\n为了打造爱奇艺的“苹果园”生态,2019年的爱奇艺世界·大会上,爱奇艺创始人、CEO龚宇一口气揭幕了旗下21款产品矩阵,涵盖VR、短视频、文学、动漫、直播、体育、游戏等众多领域。\n伴随着业务扩张,爱奇艺的员工规模也达到了峰值。数据显示,截至2019年末,爱奇艺的员工数量已经高达8889人,较三年前(2016年)的4794名员工数,涨了85.42%。\n而与背靠阿里的优酷和发家于腾讯的腾讯视频不同,爱奇艺虽然也有BAT中的百度入股,但更多是“被放养”的状态。龚宇不止一次强调爱奇艺是一家独立发展的公司,后期的数据增长也是更多依赖于自身的内容体系,而非像优酷和腾讯视频一样,从大股东那儿获益良多。也正因为此,爱奇艺在很多成本项目上,甚至是带宽成本,都比腾讯视频和优酷要付出得多,也是一直以来最烧钱的一个。\n事实上,“亏损”一直是爱奇艺身上绕不开的一个词,即使从2018年美国上市算起,总计亏损额也已经超过300亿。也因此,资本补血成为了常态,2018年至今,爱奇艺就曾三次发债融资近27.5亿美元。不过,随着中概股在美国市场碰壁,叠加疫情等的影响,发债补血这条路显然已经不好走,今年一整年,爱奇艺都没有公布过发债计划,但有消息称,它正在寻求港股二次上市。\n在此背景下,爱奇艺的裁员,在部分业内人士看来,一定程度上也是爱奇艺主动调整、降本增效的结果。\n裁员未必是坏事\n字节跳动、腾讯、快手、爱奇艺、百度、滴滴……一众互联网大厂似乎在此轮裁员潮中无一幸免。\n“感觉现在很多互联网公司都在集体哭穷,大家都在控制规模,不让自己增长太快,也不做无序扩张了。”一位互联网大厂员工告诉《财经天下》周刊。\n事实上,今年以来,的确有很多风光的互联网企业都一改此前的高调作风,更多开始“塑造”不赚钱或者亏损的形象。\n最明显的例子是,在最新公布的多份三季报中,各互联网大厂的业绩增长均出现了放缓趋势。\n阿里实现营收2006.9亿元,同比增长29%,但若不考虑合并高鑫零售带来的影响,增速仅为16%;而其净利润在非公认会计准则下,则同比下降39%至285.24亿元。\n京东营收2187亿元,同比增长25.5%,与上一季度基本持平,但净利润却由盈转亏,同比下滑了137.12%。即使按照非公认会计准则计算,其净利润也仅为50亿元,同比依然下降了11%。\n至于百度,营收319亿元,同比增长13%,略低于上一季度20%的增速;净亏损166亿元,同比下滑221%;而非公认会计准则下净利润为50.9亿元,同比也下滑了27%。\n\n一个明显的趋势是,在反垄断大势下,互联网发展的黄金时代已经逐渐进入尾声。互联网公司财报的“集体失速”是其中一个体现,裁员又是另外一个鲜明表现。\n但从另一方面来看,这波裁员也并不意味着一定是件坏事。从某种意义上来说,互联网大厂在年关前裁员的动作,实际上也暗示着过去那种以规模换增长的无序扩张时代的结束。\n如信奉“大力出奇迹”和烧钱扩张策略下杀出一片天地的字节跳动和快手,就已经在今年下半年纷纷进行组织架构调整,宣布实行事业部制。\n而据业内人士透露,事业部制,或者说BU制,一般适用于业务进入稳定期,从“创业”转向“守业”状态的企业。一家企业实行事业部制,本质上也意味着这家公司将告别疯狂开拓新业务,烧钱扩张的阶段,进入以主业维稳为主的新阶段。\n在11月初字节那场覆盖全业务的组织架构调整中,就着重强调了抖音这个主业的地位,包括今日头条、西瓜视频、头条搜索、头条百科以及国内垂直服务业务都被并入其中,成为“大抖音”。而快手在9月那波组织架构调整中,则在宣布设立电商事业部、商业化事业部、国际化事业部、游戏事业部四大事业部的同时,正式设立了主站产运线,对主站产品部、运营部、用户增长部、游戏生态、搜索等业务进行收拢。\n事实上,各家互联网大厂最近在防止无序扩张上也多有表态。\n11月的三季度电话会议中,快手和爱奇艺分别提及“降本增效”和“开源节流”两个关键词;字节跳动则在前不久的内部商业化全员大会中,坦言“过去半年国内广告收入停止增长,内部正在进行组织和战略复盘,认为确实存在业务和组织臃肿问题,强调业务创新和提升管理,淡化短期目标,争取长期突破”。\n除此之外,部分互联网大厂也在开始有意强调“投入”或者“助力”实体经济。腾讯2021年Q3财报显示,其研发开支达到了137.3亿元新高,而这些钱多被用在了云计算等基础建设领域。阿里最新一季的财报中,则在总收入项目中,强调了“由阿里云和菜鸟构成的企业数字化及服务板块收入已经在截至9月30日止的6个月同比增长32%,贡献了超过575亿元的收入,数字服务开始向实体经济领域延伸”这一点。\n某种意义上来说,互联网企业们正在主动放缓脚步,以更加理性的视角,规划自己在新的大环境中的前进方向。\n(清阳为化名)","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2196,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":60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","listText":"电动车中的垃圾车[笑哭] ","text":"电动车中的垃圾车[笑哭]","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/603915140","repostId":"1107102348","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1107102348","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据,旨在帮助投资者理解世界,做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1638351105,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1107102348?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-12-01 17:31","market":"other","language":"zh","title":"小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1107102348","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"12月1日,小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%。11月交付7,839辆小鹏P7,同比增长187%。年初至今共交付82,155辆智能汽车,同比增长285%。截至2021年11月底,累计","content":"<p>12月1日,小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%。11月交付7,839辆小鹏P7,同比增长187%。年初至今共交付82,155辆智能汽车,同比增长285%。截至2021年11月底,累计交付量达到121,953辆。</p>\n<p><b>成绩单核心重点</b></p>\n<p>1、11月总交付量<b>15,613台</b>,环比<b>增长54%</b>,同比<b>增长270%</b>。</p>\n<p>2、P7交付<b>7,839台</b>,环比<b>增长30%</b>。</p>\n<p>3、G3系列产品交付<b>5,620台</b>,环比<b>增长54%</b>。</p>\n<p>4、于10月启动规模交付的P5,交付<b>2,154台</b>。</p>\n<p>5、今年前11个月累计交付量<b>82,155台</b>,同比<b>增长285%</b>。</p>\n<p>6、截至今年11月底,历史累计交付量<b>超过12万台</b>。<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/afc1ae9cf0e22263befbd3a6bf3fc2f4\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"2252\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">随着三款主力车型的持续放量,我们的第四款全新车型——智能旗舰SUV小鹏G9也于今年11月在广州车展上正式亮相。小鹏G9是我们第一款面向全球市场开发的旗舰车型,采用领先行业的X-EEA 3.0电子电气架构和800V高压SiC平台,并将搭载XPILOT 4.0智能辅助驾驶系统,计划将于<b>明年三季度开启交付</b>。</p>\n<p>为满足日益增长的市场需求,我们正在全力克服供应链挑战,同时,也在不断加紧产能和销服网络建设。目前,广东肇庆工厂已实行双班生产,产量持续爬坡。销售和服务网络方面,到今年年底,我们计划销售门店的数量将<b>超过350家</b>,品牌超充站将<b>超过600座</b>,进一步加速拓展一二线城市以外的充电布局。</p>\n<p>数据发布后,小鹏汽车盘前涨超5%。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/dd692573dceb48aaf2d3380e99d61a34\" tg-width=\"873\" tg-height=\"644\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2021-12-01 17:31</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>12月1日,小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%。11月交付7,839辆小鹏P7,同比增长187%。年初至今共交付82,155辆智能汽车,同比增长285%。截至2021年11月底,累计交付量达到121,953辆。</p>\n<p><b>成绩单核心重点</b></p>\n<p>1、11月总交付量<b>15,613台</b>,环比<b>增长54%</b>,同比<b>增长270%</b>。</p>\n<p>2、P7交付<b>7,839台</b>,环比<b>增长30%</b>。</p>\n<p>3、G3系列产品交付<b>5,620台</b>,环比<b>增长54%</b>。</p>\n<p>4、于10月启动规模交付的P5,交付<b>2,154台</b>。</p>\n<p>5、今年前11个月累计交付量<b>82,155台</b>,同比<b>增长285%</b>。</p>\n<p>6、截至今年11月底,历史累计交付量<b>超过12万台</b>。<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/afc1ae9cf0e22263befbd3a6bf3fc2f4\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"2252\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\">随着三款主力车型的持续放量,我们的第四款全新车型——智能旗舰SUV小鹏G9也于今年11月在广州车展上正式亮相。小鹏G9是我们第一款面向全球市场开发的旗舰车型,采用领先行业的X-EEA 3.0电子电气架构和800V高压SiC平台,并将搭载XPILOT 4.0智能辅助驾驶系统,计划将于<b>明年三季度开启交付</b>。</p>\n<p>为满足日益增长的市场需求,我们正在全力克服供应链挑战,同时,也在不断加紧产能和销服网络建设。目前,广东肇庆工厂已实行双班生产,产量持续爬坡。销售和服务网络方面,到今年年底,我们计划销售门店的数量将<b>超过350家</b>,品牌超充站将<b>超过600座</b>,进一步加速拓展一二线城市以外的充电布局。</p>\n<p>数据发布后,小鹏汽车盘前涨超5%。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/dd692573dceb48aaf2d3380e99d61a34\" tg-width=\"873\" tg-height=\"644\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"></p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f803d027d960e6544b634aa5c50191ab","relate_stocks":{"XPEV":"小鹏汽车","09868":"小鹏汽车-W"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1107102348","content_text":"12月1日,小鹏汽车:11月交付15,613辆,同比增长270%。11月交付7,839辆小鹏P7,同比增长187%。年初至今共交付82,155辆智能汽车,同比增长285%。截至2021年11月底,累计交付量达到121,953辆。\n成绩单核心重点\n1、11月总交付量15,613台,环比增长54%,同比增长270%。\n2、P7交付7,839台,环比增长30%。\n3、G3系列产品交付5,620台,环比增长54%。\n4、于10月启动规模交付的P5,交付2,154台。\n5、今年前11个月累计交付量82,155台,同比增长285%。\n6、截至今年11月底,历史累计交付量超过12万台。随着三款主力车型的持续放量,我们的第四款全新车型——智能旗舰SUV小鹏G9也于今年11月在广州车展上正式亮相。小鹏G9是我们第一款面向全球市场开发的旗舰车型,采用领先行业的X-EEA 3.0电子电气架构和800V高压SiC平台,并将搭载XPILOT 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09:36","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"蚂蚁上市,“批发”亿万富豪","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1185589765","media":"棱镜","summary":"马云的豪华朋友圈,包括新希望刘永好、巨人史玉柱、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇、苗圃等,均享有5-50亿以上市值不等的蚂蚁股份权益。“忍一忍,到上市。”这是近两年部分蚂蚁集团员工的普遍心态,也包括张亮。","content":"<blockquote>马云的豪华朋友圈,包括新希望刘永好、巨人史玉柱、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇、苗圃等,均享有5-50亿以上市值不等的蚂蚁股份权益。</blockquote><p>“忍一忍,到上市。”</p><p>这是近两年部分蚂蚁集团员工的普遍心态,也包括张亮。三年多前,已在上海安家的他加入蚂蚁集团,开始“双城生活”:每周一早上五点多就去赶乘城际班车,周五下班后再班车返回上海。工作强度不仅大了数倍,经常还因为出差或者加班无法按时周末返沪。</p><p>支撑他的动力就在于蚂蚁集团提供的丰厚的“股权激励”。一旦蚂蚁成功上市,这笔“股权激励”价值有望达到千万元。2014年,阿里巴巴在美上市,在当时就造就了1万多名千万富翁。</p><p>和张亮抱有类似想法的人不在少数,有人甚至愿意降薪30%左右到蚂蚁集团就职,希望能抢到一张上市前的船票。</p><p>今年7月20日下午,支付宝母公司蚂蚁集团宣布,将启动在科创板和香港联交所主板同步发行上市。当天下午,蚂蚁集团杭州总部大楼传出欢呼声,网友戏称“那是财富自由的声音”。</p><p>尽管蚂蚁集团人士澄清是马云到访蚂蚁,员工们合影鼓掌,与上市消息无关,但网友们并不在意:蚂蚁上市将造就大批千万富翁已是铁板钉钉。</p><p>此后的招股书披露,授予给蚂蚁员工的激励计划规模已达1377亿元。按照6月末16660名员工数计算,蚂蚁员工人均激励达到827万元。</p><p>10月26日,蚂蚁集团完成初步询价,代码688688的A股发行价定为68.8元/股,代码6688的H股发行价定为80.00港元/股。蚂蚁总市值达到2.1万亿元。</p><p>“公司里一些可能并不起眼的运营、客服同事,因为来得早享受到了蚂蚁快速成长的红利,已有数千万乃至上亿身家。”曾在蚂蚁工作过的李明向作者透露,不少蚂蚁早期员工是从阿里巴巴转来的,在阿里巴巴上市时,许多人已经体验过第一次“财富自由”。而此次蚂蚁上市,这部分员工身家将再次暴增。</p><p>与此同时,作者在穿透层层股权结构后发现,马云的豪华朋友圈,包括新希望刘永好、巨人史玉柱、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇(以母亲魏启颖身份参与)、苗圃等,均享有5-50亿以上市值不等的蚂蚁股份权益。</p><p>目前,机构、个人投资者参与蚂蚁新股认购热情高涨。市场亦预期蚂蚁新股将会被爆炒。</p><p>两万亿蚂蚁上市,又一场超级造富盛宴开启。</p><p><b>七年前入职的P7,身家已过亿</b></p><p>蚂蚁总部位于杭州,为了吸引来自北京、上海等一线城市优秀人才,蚂蚁自2014年起即设立并实施员工激励计划,向包括阿里员工、蚂蚁员工乃至核心子公司员工、顾问等人士广泛授予经济受益权激励,即外界眼中的“期权”。</p><p>通俗理解,经济受益权即授予对象可享受与发行人股价挂钩的一定的经济利益,但不享有任何投票权或其他股东权利。不过,对于绝大多数普通员工来说,他们更看重“股权”对应的财富增值,对股东权利感知并不明显。</p><p>招股书显示,经济受益权激励计划项下的经济利益对应股份合计30.79亿股,其中约92%股份对应的经济利益已经完成授予,授予蚂蚁集团员工及顾问的比例约为65%。</p><p>据李明介绍,职级在P7及以上的蚂蚁员工在入职时就会授予一定数额的“期权”(SERs),此外每年3月末还会有额外的业绩奖励“期权”,每年7月份还会有晋升激励“期权”。这些“期权”均直接授予而无需出资认购,但会分批归属。其中,入职奖励“期权”在第二年末归属50%,此后每年归属25%,而业绩奖励等每年归属25%。</p><p>业绩奖励“期权”和晋升“期权”每年都会根据表现重新授予。来的越早,待的时间越长,得到的“期权”越多,“期权”增值部分越大;与此同时,据多位蚂蚁员工透露,时间越早,给予的“期权”数量越多。“最近这几年,晚一年,同一级别的‘期权’都会减半。”</p><p>李明透露,期权授予的公允价格以最新一轮蚂蚁融资的估值价格为基准。而在过去6年间,蚂蚁的估值涨势惊人。</p><p>2015年7月,蚂蚁A轮融资时估值超过450亿美元;2018年6月,其估值上升到1500亿美元;此次IPO,蚂蚁市值已经达到约3185亿美元,且后续仍有大幅上涨可能。5年间蚂蚁估值涨了7倍多。</p><p>蚂蚁集团在回复上交所审核问询函时曾披露,报告期内每1份经济受益权项下的经济利益对应5.53股公司普通股股份的价值,即1SER=5.53RSU。有消息称,今年上半年,授予价格已接近400元/SER。</p><p>有接近蚂蚁员工人士介绍,以2013年就入职支付宝的P7员工为例,仅其入职激励部分价值就已超过4000万元,再叠加绩效奖励等,身家可能早已过亿。</p><p>外界艳羡蚂蚁员工财富自由,但在李明看来,蚂蚁的工作氛围“狼性十足”,压力也更大。“入职公司3-6个月后,大多数人可能都会胖至少10斤。不是因为伙食太好,是压力、焦虑导致的。”</p><p>“入职3个月是离职高峰期,太多人无法承受这样的节奏和压力。”李明表示。</p><p>多位蚂蚁员工透露,千万身家只是账面财富,要想变现,还要扣除资本利得税、个人所得税等各项税费近45%。因此到手的财富要缩水近半。</p><p><b>13位合伙人身家超百亿</b></p><p>招股书显示,蚂蚁集团的控股股东为杭州君瀚和杭州君澳,两者合计持有蚂蚁集团50.52%股权,持有股份数120.12亿股。两者均受杭州云铂控制。</p><p>员工经济受益权激励计划由杭州君瀚实施,而杭州君澳则主要是阿里合伙人的持股平台。</p><p>招股书披露,杭州君瀚和杭州君澳的直接或间接合伙人在穿透后,主要为杭州云铂,以及马云、彭蕾、井贤栋、陆兆禧等40位阿里巴巴、蚂蚁集团合伙人。</p><p>杭州云铂手握高达49.81亿股蚂蚁股份,这部分股份价值已超过3400亿元。杭州云铂可支配马云委托捐赠指定公益组织的经济利益,还为杭州君瀚及杭州君澳未来加入合伙人以及其他公益捐赠预留经济利益。</p><p>2004年,为取得第三方支付牌照,马云将支付宝从阿里巴巴中分拆并转移至内资身份的个人公司。这一惊险举动一度招致雅虎投诉,但也为此后的蚂蚁帝国奠定基础。</p><p>招股书显示,马云以2000万元的认缴出资额获得对应26.77亿股蚂蚁股份,仅按照发行价不考虑上市后的股价上涨,这部分股权价值已超过1800亿元。</p><p>除马云外,合伙人中身家过百亿(按照发行价计算)的就有13位,分别是彭蕾、井贤栋、陆兆禧、邵晓峰、戴珊、吴泳铭、童文红 、张勇、王帅、彭翼捷、胡晓明、王坚、樊路远。</p><p>蚂蚁招股书指出,由于不同入伙时间对应的股份公允价值不同,不同有限合伙人有权获得的经济利益对应的股份数量不同,因此,有限合伙人的出资额与对应实际享有的经济利益比例并不一致。</p><p>其中,阿里巴巴联合创始人谢世煌认缴出资额最少,但他享有的股份数为2000万股,对应股权价值达13.76亿元。40位合伙人中,最少的持“股”价值也超过4亿元。</p><p>有接近蚂蚁集团人士介绍,在阿里巴巴上市后的2016年,引进的高职级管理人员可以自由选择持有阿里巴巴股票或蚂蚁“期权”。有不少人选择转换成阿里股权,更多的人选择一部分阿里股权一部分蚂蚁“期权”。</p><p>“那时候蚂蚁才组建不久,上市并不明朗。选择阿里股票也不错,蚂蚁的激励增值更多。但这也有赌的成分在里面。”他说。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b5224c45492ef939cdeb8c2597f9ee9c\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"1359\"></p><p><b>从刘永好到赵薇,马云的朋友圈跟着“吃肉”</b></p><p>蚂蚁集团股东中,云锋系机构成为不可忽视的存在。根据招股书,上海众付、上海麒鸿、上海祺展、上海云锋新呈、上海经颐等5家有限合伙机构均由上海云锋新创作为基金管理人,持有蚂蚁4.27%股份。</p><p>云锋基金由马云、虞峰联合诸多民企大佬创立。层层穿透上述5家机构的合伙人,作者发现,他们可以称之为马云的豪华“朋友圈”。</p><p>公开资料显示,上海众付、上海经颐与全国社保基金、中国太平洋保险、中国人寿等一同在2015年参与蚂蚁A轮融资,当时,蚂蚁投后估值为2600亿元。至今,这部分投资已增值8倍。</p><p>据天眼查和企查查披露的工商信息,在上海众付、上海经颐的合伙人中,新希望集团、巨人投资、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇(以母亲魏启颖身份参与)的身影浮现。</p><p>想要入股蚂蚁并非有钱就可以任性。蚂蚁的融资均采用邀请制,决定启动融资时,只向十多名目标机构发出邀请,这些机构基于长期关系、业务协同及战略支持等标准挑选。而云锋系机构近水楼台。</p><p>今年8月份,新希望集团董事长刘永好接受《21世纪经济报道》采访时,被问及最后悔错过什么机会,刘永好表示,最后悔在2001年错过了投资马云的阿里巴巴。</p><p>这次,刘永好不再错过蚂蚁集团。根据作者查阅的工商资料,作为上海众付、上海经颐和上海麒鸿的合伙人,刘永好通过新希望投资集团持有对应2718万股蚂蚁股份,目前价值已超过18亿元。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/91d95487a51eabd8ef6d7846a9943523\" tg-width=\"828\" tg-height=\"1569\"></p><p>上海众付的部分股东。来源:企查查</p><p>巨人集团史玉柱被称为马云的“好基友”。史玉柱在访谈节目《湖说》中提到,他与马云是在担任央视《赢在中国》节目评委时熟络起来。史玉柱不仅出任湖畔大学校董,也是云锋基金的创始成员之一。</p><p>史玉柱除了通过云锋基金参与蚂蚁融资,还通过北京盈溢互联网科技有限公司入股蚂蚁。史玉柱持有蚂蚁股权达6476万股,价值近45亿元。</p><p>商界大佬中,泛海集团卢志强除通过民生信托、民生证券成为云锋基金的投资合伙人外,还通过通海资本投资管理有限公司直接持有蚂蚁股份,价值近54亿元。</p><p>蚂蚁金服的股东中,浙商群体亦是不可忽视的存在。马云作为浙商总会会长,复星集团郭广昌是浙商总会副会长,也被称为马云的“好基友”。郭广昌旗下的德邦证券通过德邦星睿投资管理有限公司入股蚂蚁,持股市值近12亿元。此外,银泰集团沈国军、鱼跃科技吴光明、知名浙商钱峰雷、圆通喻会蛟、申通陈德军等浙商也都有通过云锋系机构分羹蚂蚁上市盛宴。</p><p>马云对影视圈情有独钟。知名演员赵薇以母亲魏启颖的名义成为云锋基金的合伙人,持股市值达到5亿元;华谊兄弟王忠军持股市值超过12亿;知名演员苗圃持股市值超过7亿元,苗圃丈夫为中国动向董事长陈义红,也是云锋基金的发起人之一。小赢科技CEO唐越持股价值超过12亿元。</p><p>春华资本亦是蚂蚁上市的大赢家之一。春华秋实(天津)股权投资管理有限公司管理的三只基金持有蚂蚁0.6575%股份。此外,春华资本还和建信信托共同管理的海南建银建信丛林基金合伙企业(有限合伙)持有蚂蚁。</p><p>穿透上述合伙企业,根据出资比例对应持股权益比例,胡元满持有的股份权益约1.97亿股,对应市值超过135亿元。平安信托、建信信托持股市值分别达34.8亿元和55.5亿元。</p><p>胡元满是春华资本创始人及董事长胡祖六的妹妹。胡祖六自2020年8月起担任蚂蚁集团独立董事。</p><p>在回复上交所问询时,蚂蚁称,胡祖六未直接持有蚂蚁股份,也未通过其控制的任何实体持有蚂蚁股份,其近亲属控制的实体持有的蚂蚁股份不超过1%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/52a60d7c4e84882c42e884e895414e04\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"1127\"></p><p><b>社保基金、央视都有入股</b></p><p>蚂蚁在融资过程中还引入了多家国资股东,社保基金是其中的典型代表。</p><p>10月25日,在外滩金融峰会上,全国社保基金理事会副理事长陈文辉现场“喊话”台下的蚂蚁集团董事长井贤栋,希望多给一些IPO认购份额。“从高站位的角度,你给我(社保基金)就是给全国人民。”</p><p>社保基金又被称为“全国人民的养老钱”,其目前是蚂蚁集团最大的外部股东,在2015年蚂蚁A轮融资时就重仓参与,持有蚂蚁6.99亿股,持股比例为2.94%。这部分股权价值已超过480亿元,5年间增值超过6倍。</p><p>蚂蚁10月26日披露的科创板IPO战略投资者名单中,全国社保基金追加投资70亿元,认购超1亿股蚂蚁新股,成为除阿里集团外认购金额最大的战略投资者。</p><p>蚂蚁集团股东中,还有中国人寿、中国人保、新华保险、中国太平洋保险集团等四家保险集团的身影。在市场看来,保险资金亦是长期资金的代表。</p><p>此外,中国国家主权基金中投公司、国家开发银行、建信信托(建设银行和合肥国资委联合成立)、中央电视台、邮政集团也通过不同的持股平台入股蚂蚁。蚂蚁也是中国邮储银行的战略投资者之一。</p><p>作者梳理发现,北京市海淀区国资委控股的北京翠微集团,亦低调地持有蚂蚁股份份额。其通过成为云锋新呈和苏州工业园区鑫元广毅投资中心(有限合伙)的合伙人,持有对应蚂蚁2022.46万股份额,市值近14亿元。</p><p>在上述股东之外,包括歌斐资产管理有限公司、“基金一姐”王茹远创办的上海宏流投资等通过合伙人方式参与到蚂蚁融资中,有望从中分得一杯羹。</p><p>蚂蚁国际在2018年还引入了淡马锡、凯雷资本、加拿大养老计划、马来西亚主权财富基金、新加坡政府投资公司等45家投资者。这部分投资者持有股份市值已高达1265亿元。</p><p>在科创板战略配售阶段,有浙江天猫技术有限公司、全国社保基金、建银投资、阿布达比投资局等29家机构投资者参与,投资金额高达919.56亿元。</p><p>相较机构投资者、马云好友等动辄数十亿元、数亿元的财富增值,留给后来者的财富增值空间还有多大?这需要观察。</p><p>多位接近蚂蚁集团人士透露,随着蚂蚁估值水涨船高,今年开始进入蚂蚁的新员工议价空间受到挤压,而新员工能获得的激励也由于公允价值较高,到手“股份”有所缩水。</p><p>更多的人,将目光投向阿里体系内其他有望在未来上市的平台,如阿里云、菜鸟物流等,等待下一艘造富巨轮的起航。</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE 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}\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n蚂蚁上市,“批发”亿万富豪\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/91\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/ea46042fac2240098d9d976e6d67d6a8);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">棱镜 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2020-10-28 09:36</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<blockquote>马云的豪华朋友圈,包括新希望刘永好、巨人史玉柱、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇、苗圃等,均享有5-50亿以上市值不等的蚂蚁股份权益。</blockquote><p>“忍一忍,到上市。”</p><p>这是近两年部分蚂蚁集团员工的普遍心态,也包括张亮。三年多前,已在上海安家的他加入蚂蚁集团,开始“双城生活”:每周一早上五点多就去赶乘城际班车,周五下班后再班车返回上海。工作强度不仅大了数倍,经常还因为出差或者加班无法按时周末返沪。</p><p>支撑他的动力就在于蚂蚁集团提供的丰厚的“股权激励”。一旦蚂蚁成功上市,这笔“股权激励”价值有望达到千万元。2014年,阿里巴巴在美上市,在当时就造就了1万多名千万富翁。</p><p>和张亮抱有类似想法的人不在少数,有人甚至愿意降薪30%左右到蚂蚁集团就职,希望能抢到一张上市前的船票。</p><p>今年7月20日下午,支付宝母公司蚂蚁集团宣布,将启动在科创板和香港联交所主板同步发行上市。当天下午,蚂蚁集团杭州总部大楼传出欢呼声,网友戏称“那是财富自由的声音”。</p><p>尽管蚂蚁集团人士澄清是马云到访蚂蚁,员工们合影鼓掌,与上市消息无关,但网友们并不在意:蚂蚁上市将造就大批千万富翁已是铁板钉钉。</p><p>此后的招股书披露,授予给蚂蚁员工的激励计划规模已达1377亿元。按照6月末16660名员工数计算,蚂蚁员工人均激励达到827万元。</p><p>10月26日,蚂蚁集团完成初步询价,代码688688的A股发行价定为68.8元/股,代码6688的H股发行价定为80.00港元/股。蚂蚁总市值达到2.1万亿元。</p><p>“公司里一些可能并不起眼的运营、客服同事,因为来得早享受到了蚂蚁快速成长的红利,已有数千万乃至上亿身家。”曾在蚂蚁工作过的李明向作者透露,不少蚂蚁早期员工是从阿里巴巴转来的,在阿里巴巴上市时,许多人已经体验过第一次“财富自由”。而此次蚂蚁上市,这部分员工身家将再次暴增。</p><p>与此同时,作者在穿透层层股权结构后发现,马云的豪华朋友圈,包括新希望刘永好、巨人史玉柱、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇(以母亲魏启颖身份参与)、苗圃等,均享有5-50亿以上市值不等的蚂蚁股份权益。</p><p>目前,机构、个人投资者参与蚂蚁新股认购热情高涨。市场亦预期蚂蚁新股将会被爆炒。</p><p>两万亿蚂蚁上市,又一场超级造富盛宴开启。</p><p><b>七年前入职的P7,身家已过亿</b></p><p>蚂蚁总部位于杭州,为了吸引来自北京、上海等一线城市优秀人才,蚂蚁自2014年起即设立并实施员工激励计划,向包括阿里员工、蚂蚁员工乃至核心子公司员工、顾问等人士广泛授予经济受益权激励,即外界眼中的“期权”。</p><p>通俗理解,经济受益权即授予对象可享受与发行人股价挂钩的一定的经济利益,但不享有任何投票权或其他股东权利。不过,对于绝大多数普通员工来说,他们更看重“股权”对应的财富增值,对股东权利感知并不明显。</p><p>招股书显示,经济受益权激励计划项下的经济利益对应股份合计30.79亿股,其中约92%股份对应的经济利益已经完成授予,授予蚂蚁集团员工及顾问的比例约为65%。</p><p>据李明介绍,职级在P7及以上的蚂蚁员工在入职时就会授予一定数额的“期权”(SERs),此外每年3月末还会有额外的业绩奖励“期权”,每年7月份还会有晋升激励“期权”。这些“期权”均直接授予而无需出资认购,但会分批归属。其中,入职奖励“期权”在第二年末归属50%,此后每年归属25%,而业绩奖励等每年归属25%。</p><p>业绩奖励“期权”和晋升“期权”每年都会根据表现重新授予。来的越早,待的时间越长,得到的“期权”越多,“期权”增值部分越大;与此同时,据多位蚂蚁员工透露,时间越早,给予的“期权”数量越多。“最近这几年,晚一年,同一级别的‘期权’都会减半。”</p><p>李明透露,期权授予的公允价格以最新一轮蚂蚁融资的估值价格为基准。而在过去6年间,蚂蚁的估值涨势惊人。</p><p>2015年7月,蚂蚁A轮融资时估值超过450亿美元;2018年6月,其估值上升到1500亿美元;此次IPO,蚂蚁市值已经达到约3185亿美元,且后续仍有大幅上涨可能。5年间蚂蚁估值涨了7倍多。</p><p>蚂蚁集团在回复上交所审核问询函时曾披露,报告期内每1份经济受益权项下的经济利益对应5.53股公司普通股股份的价值,即1SER=5.53RSU。有消息称,今年上半年,授予价格已接近400元/SER。</p><p>有接近蚂蚁员工人士介绍,以2013年就入职支付宝的P7员工为例,仅其入职激励部分价值就已超过4000万元,再叠加绩效奖励等,身家可能早已过亿。</p><p>外界艳羡蚂蚁员工财富自由,但在李明看来,蚂蚁的工作氛围“狼性十足”,压力也更大。“入职公司3-6个月后,大多数人可能都会胖至少10斤。不是因为伙食太好,是压力、焦虑导致的。”</p><p>“入职3个月是离职高峰期,太多人无法承受这样的节奏和压力。”李明表示。</p><p>多位蚂蚁员工透露,千万身家只是账面财富,要想变现,还要扣除资本利得税、个人所得税等各项税费近45%。因此到手的财富要缩水近半。</p><p><b>13位合伙人身家超百亿</b></p><p>招股书显示,蚂蚁集团的控股股东为杭州君瀚和杭州君澳,两者合计持有蚂蚁集团50.52%股权,持有股份数120.12亿股。两者均受杭州云铂控制。</p><p>员工经济受益权激励计划由杭州君瀚实施,而杭州君澳则主要是阿里合伙人的持股平台。</p><p>招股书披露,杭州君瀚和杭州君澳的直接或间接合伙人在穿透后,主要为杭州云铂,以及马云、彭蕾、井贤栋、陆兆禧等40位阿里巴巴、蚂蚁集团合伙人。</p><p>杭州云铂手握高达49.81亿股蚂蚁股份,这部分股份价值已超过3400亿元。杭州云铂可支配马云委托捐赠指定公益组织的经济利益,还为杭州君瀚及杭州君澳未来加入合伙人以及其他公益捐赠预留经济利益。</p><p>2004年,为取得第三方支付牌照,马云将支付宝从阿里巴巴中分拆并转移至内资身份的个人公司。这一惊险举动一度招致雅虎投诉,但也为此后的蚂蚁帝国奠定基础。</p><p>招股书显示,马云以2000万元的认缴出资额获得对应26.77亿股蚂蚁股份,仅按照发行价不考虑上市后的股价上涨,这部分股权价值已超过1800亿元。</p><p>除马云外,合伙人中身家过百亿(按照发行价计算)的就有13位,分别是彭蕾、井贤栋、陆兆禧、邵晓峰、戴珊、吴泳铭、童文红 、张勇、王帅、彭翼捷、胡晓明、王坚、樊路远。</p><p>蚂蚁招股书指出,由于不同入伙时间对应的股份公允价值不同,不同有限合伙人有权获得的经济利益对应的股份数量不同,因此,有限合伙人的出资额与对应实际享有的经济利益比例并不一致。</p><p>其中,阿里巴巴联合创始人谢世煌认缴出资额最少,但他享有的股份数为2000万股,对应股权价值达13.76亿元。40位合伙人中,最少的持“股”价值也超过4亿元。</p><p>有接近蚂蚁集团人士介绍,在阿里巴巴上市后的2016年,引进的高职级管理人员可以自由选择持有阿里巴巴股票或蚂蚁“期权”。有不少人选择转换成阿里股权,更多的人选择一部分阿里股权一部分蚂蚁“期权”。</p><p>“那时候蚂蚁才组建不久,上市并不明朗。选择阿里股票也不错,蚂蚁的激励增值更多。但这也有赌的成分在里面。”他说。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b5224c45492ef939cdeb8c2597f9ee9c\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"1359\"></p><p><b>从刘永好到赵薇,马云的朋友圈跟着“吃肉”</b></p><p>蚂蚁集团股东中,云锋系机构成为不可忽视的存在。根据招股书,上海众付、上海麒鸿、上海祺展、上海云锋新呈、上海经颐等5家有限合伙机构均由上海云锋新创作为基金管理人,持有蚂蚁4.27%股份。</p><p>云锋基金由马云、虞峰联合诸多民企大佬创立。层层穿透上述5家机构的合伙人,作者发现,他们可以称之为马云的豪华“朋友圈”。</p><p>公开资料显示,上海众付、上海经颐与全国社保基金、中国太平洋保险、中国人寿等一同在2015年参与蚂蚁A轮融资,当时,蚂蚁投后估值为2600亿元。至今,这部分投资已增值8倍。</p><p>据天眼查和企查查披露的工商信息,在上海众付、上海经颐的合伙人中,新希望集团、巨人投资、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇(以母亲魏启颖身份参与)的身影浮现。</p><p>想要入股蚂蚁并非有钱就可以任性。蚂蚁的融资均采用邀请制,决定启动融资时,只向十多名目标机构发出邀请,这些机构基于长期关系、业务协同及战略支持等标准挑选。而云锋系机构近水楼台。</p><p>今年8月份,新希望集团董事长刘永好接受《21世纪经济报道》采访时,被问及最后悔错过什么机会,刘永好表示,最后悔在2001年错过了投资马云的阿里巴巴。</p><p>这次,刘永好不再错过蚂蚁集团。根据作者查阅的工商资料,作为上海众付、上海经颐和上海麒鸿的合伙人,刘永好通过新希望投资集团持有对应2718万股蚂蚁股份,目前价值已超过18亿元。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/91d95487a51eabd8ef6d7846a9943523\" tg-width=\"828\" tg-height=\"1569\"></p><p>上海众付的部分股东。来源:企查查</p><p>巨人集团史玉柱被称为马云的“好基友”。史玉柱在访谈节目《湖说》中提到,他与马云是在担任央视《赢在中国》节目评委时熟络起来。史玉柱不仅出任湖畔大学校董,也是云锋基金的创始成员之一。</p><p>史玉柱除了通过云锋基金参与蚂蚁融资,还通过北京盈溢互联网科技有限公司入股蚂蚁。史玉柱持有蚂蚁股权达6476万股,价值近45亿元。</p><p>商界大佬中,泛海集团卢志强除通过民生信托、民生证券成为云锋基金的投资合伙人外,还通过通海资本投资管理有限公司直接持有蚂蚁股份,价值近54亿元。</p><p>蚂蚁金服的股东中,浙商群体亦是不可忽视的存在。马云作为浙商总会会长,复星集团郭广昌是浙商总会副会长,也被称为马云的“好基友”。郭广昌旗下的德邦证券通过德邦星睿投资管理有限公司入股蚂蚁,持股市值近12亿元。此外,银泰集团沈国军、鱼跃科技吴光明、知名浙商钱峰雷、圆通喻会蛟、申通陈德军等浙商也都有通过云锋系机构分羹蚂蚁上市盛宴。</p><p>马云对影视圈情有独钟。知名演员赵薇以母亲魏启颖的名义成为云锋基金的合伙人,持股市值达到5亿元;华谊兄弟王忠军持股市值超过12亿;知名演员苗圃持股市值超过7亿元,苗圃丈夫为中国动向董事长陈义红,也是云锋基金的发起人之一。小赢科技CEO唐越持股价值超过12亿元。</p><p>春华资本亦是蚂蚁上市的大赢家之一。春华秋实(天津)股权投资管理有限公司管理的三只基金持有蚂蚁0.6575%股份。此外,春华资本还和建信信托共同管理的海南建银建信丛林基金合伙企业(有限合伙)持有蚂蚁。</p><p>穿透上述合伙企业,根据出资比例对应持股权益比例,胡元满持有的股份权益约1.97亿股,对应市值超过135亿元。平安信托、建信信托持股市值分别达34.8亿元和55.5亿元。</p><p>胡元满是春华资本创始人及董事长胡祖六的妹妹。胡祖六自2020年8月起担任蚂蚁集团独立董事。</p><p>在回复上交所问询时,蚂蚁称,胡祖六未直接持有蚂蚁股份,也未通过其控制的任何实体持有蚂蚁股份,其近亲属控制的实体持有的蚂蚁股份不超过1%。</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/52a60d7c4e84882c42e884e895414e04\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"1127\"></p><p><b>社保基金、央视都有入股</b></p><p>蚂蚁在融资过程中还引入了多家国资股东,社保基金是其中的典型代表。</p><p>10月25日,在外滩金融峰会上,全国社保基金理事会副理事长陈文辉现场“喊话”台下的蚂蚁集团董事长井贤栋,希望多给一些IPO认购份额。“从高站位的角度,你给我(社保基金)就是给全国人民。”</p><p>社保基金又被称为“全国人民的养老钱”,其目前是蚂蚁集团最大的外部股东,在2015年蚂蚁A轮融资时就重仓参与,持有蚂蚁6.99亿股,持股比例为2.94%。这部分股权价值已超过480亿元,5年间增值超过6倍。</p><p>蚂蚁10月26日披露的科创板IPO战略投资者名单中,全国社保基金追加投资70亿元,认购超1亿股蚂蚁新股,成为除阿里集团外认购金额最大的战略投资者。</p><p>蚂蚁集团股东中,还有中国人寿、中国人保、新华保险、中国太平洋保险集团等四家保险集团的身影。在市场看来,保险资金亦是长期资金的代表。</p><p>此外,中国国家主权基金中投公司、国家开发银行、建信信托(建设银行和合肥国资委联合成立)、中央电视台、邮政集团也通过不同的持股平台入股蚂蚁。蚂蚁也是中国邮储银行的战略投资者之一。</p><p>作者梳理发现,北京市海淀区国资委控股的北京翠微集团,亦低调地持有蚂蚁股份份额。其通过成为云锋新呈和苏州工业园区鑫元广毅投资中心(有限合伙)的合伙人,持有对应蚂蚁2022.46万股份额,市值近14亿元。</p><p>在上述股东之外,包括歌斐资产管理有限公司、“基金一姐”王茹远创办的上海宏流投资等通过合伙人方式参与到蚂蚁融资中,有望从中分得一杯羹。</p><p>蚂蚁国际在2018年还引入了淡马锡、凯雷资本、加拿大养老计划、马来西亚主权财富基金、新加坡政府投资公司等45家投资者。这部分投资者持有股份市值已高达1265亿元。</p><p>在科创板战略配售阶段,有浙江天猫技术有限公司、全国社保基金、建银投资、阿布达比投资局等29家机构投资者参与,投资金额高达919.56亿元。</p><p>相较机构投资者、马云好友等动辄数十亿元、数亿元的财富增值,留给后来者的财富增值空间还有多大?这需要观察。</p><p>多位接近蚂蚁集团人士透露,随着蚂蚁估值水涨船高,今年开始进入蚂蚁的新员工议价空间受到挤压,而新员工能获得的激励也由于公允价值较高,到手“股份”有所缩水。</p><p>更多的人,将目光投向阿里体系内其他有望在未来上市的平台,如阿里云、菜鸟物流等,等待下一艘造富巨轮的起航。</p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9d0d21b5643d65b0ab6c6d418377390c","relate_stocks":{"06688":"蚂蚁集团"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1185589765","content_text":"马云的豪华朋友圈,包括新希望刘永好、巨人史玉柱、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇、苗圃等,均享有5-50亿以上市值不等的蚂蚁股份权益。“忍一忍,到上市。”这是近两年部分蚂蚁集团员工的普遍心态,也包括张亮。三年多前,已在上海安家的他加入蚂蚁集团,开始“双城生活”:每周一早上五点多就去赶乘城际班车,周五下班后再班车返回上海。工作强度不仅大了数倍,经常还因为出差或者加班无法按时周末返沪。支撑他的动力就在于蚂蚁集团提供的丰厚的“股权激励”。一旦蚂蚁成功上市,这笔“股权激励”价值有望达到千万元。2014年,阿里巴巴在美上市,在当时就造就了1万多名千万富翁。和张亮抱有类似想法的人不在少数,有人甚至愿意降薪30%左右到蚂蚁集团就职,希望能抢到一张上市前的船票。今年7月20日下午,支付宝母公司蚂蚁集团宣布,将启动在科创板和香港联交所主板同步发行上市。当天下午,蚂蚁集团杭州总部大楼传出欢呼声,网友戏称“那是财富自由的声音”。尽管蚂蚁集团人士澄清是马云到访蚂蚁,员工们合影鼓掌,与上市消息无关,但网友们并不在意:蚂蚁上市将造就大批千万富翁已是铁板钉钉。此后的招股书披露,授予给蚂蚁员工的激励计划规模已达1377亿元。按照6月末16660名员工数计算,蚂蚁员工人均激励达到827万元。10月26日,蚂蚁集团完成初步询价,代码688688的A股发行价定为68.8元/股,代码6688的H股发行价定为80.00港元/股。蚂蚁总市值达到2.1万亿元。“公司里一些可能并不起眼的运营、客服同事,因为来得早享受到了蚂蚁快速成长的红利,已有数千万乃至上亿身家。”曾在蚂蚁工作过的李明向作者透露,不少蚂蚁早期员工是从阿里巴巴转来的,在阿里巴巴上市时,许多人已经体验过第一次“财富自由”。而此次蚂蚁上市,这部分员工身家将再次暴增。与此同时,作者在穿透层层股权结构后发现,马云的豪华朋友圈,包括新希望刘永好、巨人史玉柱、华谊兄弟王忠军、知名演员赵薇(以母亲魏启颖身份参与)、苗圃等,均享有5-50亿以上市值不等的蚂蚁股份权益。目前,机构、个人投资者参与蚂蚁新股认购热情高涨。市场亦预期蚂蚁新股将会被爆炒。两万亿蚂蚁上市,又一场超级造富盛宴开启。七年前入职的P7,身家已过亿蚂蚁总部位于杭州,为了吸引来自北京、上海等一线城市优秀人才,蚂蚁自2014年起即设立并实施员工激励计划,向包括阿里员工、蚂蚁员工乃至核心子公司员工、顾问等人士广泛授予经济受益权激励,即外界眼中的“期权”。通俗理解,经济受益权即授予对象可享受与发行人股价挂钩的一定的经济利益,但不享有任何投票权或其他股东权利。不过,对于绝大多数普通员工来说,他们更看重“股权”对应的财富增值,对股东权利感知并不明显。招股书显示,经济受益权激励计划项下的经济利益对应股份合计30.79亿股,其中约92%股份对应的经济利益已经完成授予,授予蚂蚁集团员工及顾问的比例约为65%。据李明介绍,职级在P7及以上的蚂蚁员工在入职时就会授予一定数额的“期权”(SERs),此外每年3月末还会有额外的业绩奖励“期权”,每年7月份还会有晋升激励“期权”。这些“期权”均直接授予而无需出资认购,但会分批归属。其中,入职奖励“期权”在第二年末归属50%,此后每年归属25%,而业绩奖励等每年归属25%。业绩奖励“期权”和晋升“期权”每年都会根据表现重新授予。来的越早,待的时间越长,得到的“期权”越多,“期权”增值部分越大;与此同时,据多位蚂蚁员工透露,时间越早,给予的“期权”数量越多。“最近这几年,晚一年,同一级别的‘期权’都会减半。”李明透露,期权授予的公允价格以最新一轮蚂蚁融资的估值价格为基准。而在过去6年间,蚂蚁的估值涨势惊人。2015年7月,蚂蚁A轮融资时估值超过450亿美元;2018年6月,其估值上升到1500亿美元;此次IPO,蚂蚁市值已经达到约3185亿美元,且后续仍有大幅上涨可能。5年间蚂蚁估值涨了7倍多。蚂蚁集团在回复上交所审核问询函时曾披露,报告期内每1份经济受益权项下的经济利益对应5.53股公司普通股股份的价值,即1SER=5.53RSU。有消息称,今年上半年,授予价格已接近400元/SER。有接近蚂蚁员工人士介绍,以2013年就入职支付宝的P7员工为例,仅其入职激励部分价值就已超过4000万元,再叠加绩效奖励等,身家可能早已过亿。外界艳羡蚂蚁员工财富自由,但在李明看来,蚂蚁的工作氛围“狼性十足”,压力也更大。“入职公司3-6个月后,大多数人可能都会胖至少10斤。不是因为伙食太好,是压力、焦虑导致的。”“入职3个月是离职高峰期,太多人无法承受这样的节奏和压力。”李明表示。多位蚂蚁员工透露,千万身家只是账面财富,要想变现,还要扣除资本利得税、个人所得税等各项税费近45%。因此到手的财富要缩水近半。13位合伙人身家超百亿招股书显示,蚂蚁集团的控股股东为杭州君瀚和杭州君澳,两者合计持有蚂蚁集团50.52%股权,持有股份数120.12亿股。两者均受杭州云铂控制。员工经济受益权激励计划由杭州君瀚实施,而杭州君澳则主要是阿里合伙人的持股平台。招股书披露,杭州君瀚和杭州君澳的直接或间接合伙人在穿透后,主要为杭州云铂,以及马云、彭蕾、井贤栋、陆兆禧等40位阿里巴巴、蚂蚁集团合伙人。杭州云铂手握高达49.81亿股蚂蚁股份,这部分股份价值已超过3400亿元。杭州云铂可支配马云委托捐赠指定公益组织的经济利益,还为杭州君瀚及杭州君澳未来加入合伙人以及其他公益捐赠预留经济利益。2004年,为取得第三方支付牌照,马云将支付宝从阿里巴巴中分拆并转移至内资身份的个人公司。这一惊险举动一度招致雅虎投诉,但也为此后的蚂蚁帝国奠定基础。招股书显示,马云以2000万元的认缴出资额获得对应26.77亿股蚂蚁股份,仅按照发行价不考虑上市后的股价上涨,这部分股权价值已超过1800亿元。除马云外,合伙人中身家过百亿(按照发行价计算)的就有13位,分别是彭蕾、井贤栋、陆兆禧、邵晓峰、戴珊、吴泳铭、童文红 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referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5d8fb95e65f042f352c6313989391357","relate_stocks":{"600018":"上港集团","600284":"浦东建设","600648":"外高桥","600663":"陆家嘴","600836":"*ST易连","600848":"上海临港","600895":"张江高科"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1178699657","content_text":"6月3日讯,陆家嘴、张江高科、上海临港、外高桥、浦东建设、上港集团、界龙实业等十余股涨停。消息面上,中午据上海发布消息,为广泛吸引社会力量参与上海旧改,加快旧改资金平衡,共同推进城市可持续更新和发展,上海市宣布成立全国落地规模最大的城市更新基金,总规模约800亿元。基金将定向用于投资旧区改造和城市更新项目,促进上海城市功能优化、民生保障、品质提升和风貌保护。上海地产集团与招商蛇口、中交集团、万科集团、国寿投资、保利发展、中国太保、中保投资签署战略合作协议。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":620,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":139324850,"gmtCreate":1621594816970,"gmtModify":1621594816970,"author":{"id":"3478144405084611","authorId":"3478144405084611","name":"ginobili","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5de02bfbce138556d1beb5d770a214c8","crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3478144405084611","idStr":"3478144405084611"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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