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11-20

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夜读 | 马斯克：第一性原理，是最好的思考方式

01-23

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Better Than BTC: 7 Crypto Stocks With the Potential to Outperform Bitcoin

2021-02-13

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@美股投资网: 【前纽约证交所分析师频道】提前预测ARK基金ARKX的投资组合，四只太空概念股NPA SRAC SPCE MAXR 哪只更受女神青睐？

2021-01-23

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@小虎老师:【干货】港股打新，你不能错过的知识点！

2021-01-23

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@桃李春风益点财:前两期视频，我们向大家介绍了国内医美行业至少将是一个万亿级的超大市场，并且在国内医美医疗器械的主要玩家都包括哪些。这一期视频我们聊一下为什么同时拥有消费和医疗的属性，以及美容院和美容医院的区别。

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:"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/372838235803904","repostId":"1113155763","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1113155763","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1732028997,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1113155763?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2024-11-19 23:09","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"夜读 | 马斯克：第一性原理，是最好的思考方式","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1113155763","media":"红与绿","summary":"但是马斯克从第一性原理角度进行思考：电池组到底是由什么材料组成的？02 用第一性原理思考著名传记作家艾萨克森在《埃隆·马斯克传》中也多次提及“第一性原理”这个概念。这一次，马斯克的主要目的是去买两枚第聂伯运载火箭，它是一种经过改装的老式弹道导弹。无独有偶，在特斯拉的设计生产过程中，“第一性原理”也发挥着至关重要的作用。","content":"<html><head></head><body><blockquote><p><strong>马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。</strong></p></blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d2ab67b05f6fb0cd6fc207742d274f28\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"722\"/></p><p>2014年，埃隆·马斯克在南加州大学商学院的毕业演讲上，留下了一场5分钟的精彩分享，他将自己对工作和人生的思考总结为五个要点，其中一点说到了他的决策方式：</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">“也许你听我说过，<strong>要从物理学的角度思考问题，这是第一性原理。即不要进行类比推理。你把事情细分到你可以想象的最基本元素，然后你从那里开始推理，这是确定某件事是否有意义的好方法。</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">这种思考不容易，你可能无法对每件事都这么思考，因为这很花精力。但是如果你想创新知识，那么这是最好的思考方法。这个框架是由物理学家提出并发展的，他们因此找出了反直觉的事情，比如量子力学。所以这是非常有效、非常强大的方法。无论如何，一定尽可能这样去做。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">这不是马斯克第一次在公众面前提及他极力推崇的决策框架：第一性原理。</p><h2 id=\"id_1080965747\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">01 第一性原理如何发挥作用？</h2><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">此前在 TED 的采访中，马斯克对这个概念给到过更具体地解释，他说：“有一种好的思维框架，那是物理学的东西，有点儿像第一原理推理，第一这件事情，我们就也去做。这样思考决策产生的结果是只能产生细小的迭代发展。<strong>第一性原理思维的思考方式是用物理学的角度看待世界的方法，也就是说一层层剥开事物的表象，看到里面的本质，然后再从本质一层层往上走。这要消耗大量的脑力。</strong>”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">具体来说，第一性原理如何在实际决策中发挥作用？</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">以马斯克的真空胶囊高铁为例，如果用比较思维或者经验思维设计新型火车产品，多数人的想法是在现有的功能上做提升，让动力更强劲，流体力学更好。但是如果用第一性原理分析产品需求，就要回到运输工具的本质目的：将较多的货物从A点运输到B点，这才是最初制造火车等运输工具的目的，并非一定要用牵引力才能实现升级。在第一性原理的支撑下，马斯克提出采用磁悬浮加低真空的模式，打造真空胶囊高铁。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克在采访中还举过一个例子：特斯拉研制电动汽车期间，曾遇到一个难题：电池成本居高不下。当时储能电池的市场价格是每千瓦时600美元，这个市场价格很稳定，短期内不会有太大的变动。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">但是马斯克从第一性原理角度进行思考：电池组到底是由什么材料组成的？这些电池原料的市场价格是多少？如果我们购买这些原材料然后组合成电池，需要多少钱？这个答案是，每千瓦时只需要80美元。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">从最本质出发，研究电池都是由什么材料组成，再推算这些原材料加在一起的价格，从而得到电池的最低价格，通过这样的思维方式，马斯克让电动车的商业化成为可能。多数人考虑问题的出发点是这件事情的现有情况是既定事实，我无法改变，但是马斯克的想法是，如果这件事在物理层面行得通，那么我也能做成。</p><h2 id=\"id_2368992666\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">02 用第一性原理思考</h2><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">著名传记作家艾萨克森在《埃隆·马斯克传》中也多次提及“第一性原理”这个概念。他在书中第一次提到，是在马斯克刚开始涉足太空探索领域时。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">当时他的第一个计划是要建造一个小型火箭，把老鼠送上火星。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">但是后来马斯克开始担心，如果我们最后目睹的只是一只小老鼠在小飞船上慢慢死去、让人哭笑不得的画面，那可就不妙了，所以他后来想到了把一个小型温室送到火星上去。温室会降落在火星上，同时把火星上绿色植物生长的照片传回地球。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">他认为公众会为此感到非常兴奋，以至于他们会迫不及待地希望向火星发射更多飞船，完成更多任务。这个计划被称为“火星绿洲”，马斯克估计他只需花费不到 3 000 万美元就能完成这个任务。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">他用手头的钱就足够了，最大的挑战是造出一枚可以将小温室带到火星的廉价火箭。事实证明，有一个地方可以让他以低廉的价格搞定一枚火箭—俄罗斯。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克准备去一趟俄罗斯，看看是不是真能买到一些发射槽或者火箭。但这次旅程比预想中还要糟糕。其中有一次，马斯克开始谈到让人类成为多行星物种的必要性，这位俄罗斯人向他们喷了口水。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2002 年年初马斯克又去一次俄罗斯。这一次，马斯克的主要目的是去买两枚第聂伯运载火箭，它是一种经过改装的老式弹道导弹。但他越跟人交涉，人家卖得越贵。最后他觉得自己已经谈下来了，为两枚第聂伯火箭支付 1800 万美元，但后来对方说不行，是每枚 1800 万美元。马斯克说：“我当时气不打一处来，但当我为此愤怒的时候，我就开始重新规划这个问题的解决方案。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">在因俄罗斯人离谱的出价感到气愤时，他开始应用第一性原理进行思考，深入基础的物理学情境，一步步在头脑中构建火箭发射的模型。他因此发展出了一个概念，叫“白痴指数”，用来计算某个制成品的成本比其基本材料的成本高多少。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">如果一个产品的“白痴指数”很高，那么一定可以通过规划设计出更有效的制造技术来大幅降低它的成本。火箭的“白痴指数”就非常高。马斯克开始计算其中的碳纤维、金属、燃料和其他材料的成本：采用目前的制造方法，成品的成本至少比材料的成本多出 50 倍。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">人类如果要去火星，必须彻底改进制造火箭的技术。依靠二手火箭，特别是来自俄罗斯的二手火箭，无法推动航天技术发展。因此，在返程的飞机上，马斯克就拿出电脑，开始用电子表格拉清单，详细列出制造一枚中型火箭的所有材料和成本。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">无独有偶，在特斯拉的设计生产过程中，“第一性原理”也发挥着至关重要的作用。从 2017 年年初开始，马斯克和冯·霍兹豪森翻来覆去地讨论特斯拉皮卡的想法。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">冯·霍兹豪森从传统设计起步，以雪佛兰索罗德为参照，还把一辆索罗德放在了工作室正中间，供他们研究车型比例和零部件。马斯克说，他想做一款更令人兴奋甚至能惊艳众人的皮卡。所以他们研究了汽车史上出现过的酷炫车辆，其中最引人注目的是雪佛兰在 20 世纪 60 年代打造的复古未来主义轿跑 El Camino。冯·霍兹豪森设计了一款具有类似气质的皮卡，但当二人绕着模型走来走去时，他们一致认为它风格“太软”了。“曲线玲珑的样子，”冯·霍兹豪森说，“不像皮卡那样敦实厚重。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克随后补充了另一个启发过他的设计做参考：20 世纪 70 年代末的楔形尖头的英国跑车—路特斯 Esprit。具体来说，他特别迷恋 1977 年詹姆斯·邦德系列电影《007 之海底城》中出现过的一款路特斯 Esprit。马斯克以近 100 万美元的价格买下了电影拍摄时用过的那辆车，放在特斯拉的设计工作室里做展示。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">头脑风暴的过程很有趣，但还是没有碰撞出一个让他们激动的概念原型。为了汲取灵感，他们参观了彼得森汽车博物馆，在那里有些发现出乎他们的意料。冯·霍兹豪森说：“我们意识到，皮卡的外形和制造工艺在长达 80 年的时间里基本没有变化。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">这导致马斯克把注意力转移到了更基础的问题上，他开始用“第一性原理”推导这个问题：特斯拉应该用什么材料打造卡车车身？通过对材料的反思，甚至是对车辆结构物理学的反复研究，特斯拉可以为全新设计开辟出可能性。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">冯·霍兹豪森说：“最初我们考虑的是铝，还考虑过钛，因为耐用性真的很重要。”但在那时，马斯克开始着迷于探索用富有光泽的不锈钢制作火箭飞船的可能性。他意识到，这种材料可能也适用于皮卡。不锈钢车身不需要喷漆，而且可以承担车辆的一些结构性负荷。这个想法真正做到了不落俗套，重新思考了车辆的可能性。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">经过几周的讨论，在一个周五的下午，马斯克走进来，简明扼要地宣布：“我们要用不锈钢造皮卡。”查尔斯·柯伊曼是特斯拉和 SpaceX 负责材料工程的副总裁。马斯克具备的一个优势是他的几家公司可以彼此分享工程知识。柯伊曼开发了一种“冷轧”的超硬不锈钢合金，不需要做热处理，特斯拉还为此申请了专利。这种材料足够结实，也足够便宜，可以用于制造卡车和火箭。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">在特斯拉 Cybertruck 上使用不锈钢的决定对车辆的工程设计有重大影响。钢制车身可以作为车辆的承重结构，而过去是底盘在发挥这一作用。马斯克建议：“我们可以把强度都放在外圈，让车身成为车辆的外骨骼，然后把其他东西都搭在它里面。”用上了不锈钢，也给卡车外观引入了新的可能性。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">与使用冲压机器将碳纤维雕琢成曲线玲珑的车身面板相比，不锈钢更适合做直线和锐角设计。这就让设计团队有机会—某种程度上也是被逼无奈—探索出更多未来主义的、前卫的甚至是乍一看不太和谐的设计想法。</p><h2 id=\"id_1099004697\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">03 从事物的本质出发不被过往的经验所束缚</h2><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克对于“第一性原理”的推崇，还体现在对于成本的把控上。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克对成本控制极为关注，这不仅是因为他要花他自己的钱，更是因为把每一分钱都花在刀刃上对实现他的最终目标（殖民火星）来说至关重要。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">航空航天领域的零部件供应商提供的部件价格不能让他满意，他质疑这些价格，因为这些部件的价格一般要比汽车行业的类似零部件高出 10 倍。他对成本的关注，以及他天生的控制欲，让他产生了这样一种想法：尽量多在公司内部制造零部件，而不是从供应商那里购买，这是当时火箭产业和汽车行业的通行做法。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">穆勒回忆说，有一次 SpaceX 需要一个阀门，供应商要价 25 万美元。马斯克说他们心太黑了，并对穆勒说我们应该自己制造。他们在几个月内就以很低的成本完成了这项工作。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">另一家供应商负责提供一种能使上级发动机的喷管旋转的驱动器，报价12万美 元。马斯克说这东西并不比车库门开关复杂多少，于是他要求手下的一名工程师以每个 5000 美元的成本把它造出来。为穆勒工作的年轻工程师杰里米·霍尔曼发现，洗车系统里用于混合清洗液的阀门改造后就可以与火箭燃料一起工作。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">还有一家供应商，交付了一批装在燃料箱顶部的铝制整流罩，随后就抬高了下一批产品的价格。“这就像油漆工给你的房子刷了一半漆后坐地起价，要你花 3 倍的价钱才肯刷完后一半，埃隆可不吃这一套。”马克·容科萨说道，他是马斯克在 SpaceX 关系最亲密的同事。马斯克说这样敲诈他的人跟在莫斯科卖火箭的家伙没什么区别，他对容科萨说：“我们自己做。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">于是装配设施中增加了一个新的部分来打造整流罩。几年后， SpaceX 在内部就完成了 70% 的火箭零部件制造工作。当 SpaceX 开始生产第一批默林火箭发动机时，马斯克问穆勒这东西有多重，穆勒说大约 1000 磅。马斯克说，特斯拉 Model S 的引擎重约 4000 磅，制造成本约3万美元。“如果特斯拉的引擎重量是你的发动机的 4 倍，为什么你的发动机要花那么多钱？”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">其中一个原因是，火箭零部件的制造受到军方和美国国家航空航天局规定的数百种规格与要求的制约。在大型航空航天公司，工程师们严格遵守这些金科玉律，马斯克则离经叛道，他要求工程师质疑这些规格要求，这后来成为他五步工作法当中的第一步，在公司内部这一步被称为“质疑”，这也是他开发产品时的口头禅。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">每当工程师把某项“要求”作为做某事的理由时，马斯克就会质问他们：谁提出的这个要求？如果工程师回答“军方要求”或“法律要求”，都不能让他满意，马斯克坚持要让他们说出提出这些要求的人员姓名。“我们讨论如何鉴别发动机的水平、如何判定燃料箱是否合格时，他会问大家：‘为什么我们必须这样做？’”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">蒂姆·布扎说，他曾是波音公司员工，后来成为 SpaceX 负责发射与测试任务的副总裁，“我们会说：‘军事规格标准里要求的。’他又会问：‘谁起草的？为什么这么要求？’”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。</strong></p></body></html>","source":"lsy1584353588345","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>夜读 | 马斯克：第一性原理，是最好的思考方式</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n夜读 | 马斯克：第一性原理，是最好的思考方式\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2024-11-19 23:09 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VLYT0x2xCxzIuog8c_twVQ?global_content=%7B%22promote_id%22%3A13766%2C%22sub_promote_id%22%3A29%7D><strong>红与绿</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。2014年，埃隆·马斯克在南加州大学商学院的毕业演讲上，留下了一场5分钟的精彩分享，他将自己对工作和人生的思考总结为五个要点，其中一点说到了他的决策方式：“也许你听我说过，要从...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VLYT0x2xCxzIuog8c_twVQ?global_content=%7B%22promote_id%22%3A13766%2C%22sub_promote_id%22%3A29%7D\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d2ab67b05f6fb0cd6fc207742d274f28","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VLYT0x2xCxzIuog8c_twVQ?global_content=%7B%22promote_id%22%3A13766%2C%22sub_promote_id%22%3A29%7D","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1113155763","content_text":"马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。2014年，埃隆·马斯克在南加州大学商学院的毕业演讲上，留下了一场5分钟的精彩分享，他将自己对工作和人生的思考总结为五个要点，其中一点说到了他的决策方式：“也许你听我说过，要从物理学的角度思考问题，这是第一性原理。即不要进行类比推理。你把事情细分到你可以想象的最基本元素，然后你从那里开始推理，这是确定某件事是否有意义的好方法。这种思考不容易，你可能无法对每件事都这么思考，因为这很花精力。但是如果你想创新知识，那么这是最好的思考方法。这个框架是由物理学家提出并发展的，他们因此找出了反直觉的事情，比如量子力学。所以这是非常有效、非常强大的方法。无论如何，一定尽可能这样去做。”这不是马斯克第一次在公众面前提及他极力推崇的决策框架：第一性原理。01 第一性原理如何发挥作用？此前在 TED 的采访中，马斯克对这个概念给到过更具体地解释，他说：“有一种好的思维框架，那是物理学的东西，有点儿像第一原理推理，第一这件事情，我们就也去做。这样思考决策产生的结果是只能产生细小的迭代发展。第一性原理思维的思考方式是用物理学的角度看待世界的方法，也就是说一层层剥开事物的表象，看到里面的本质，然后再从本质一层层往上走。这要消耗大量的脑力。”具体来说，第一性原理如何在实际决策中发挥作用？以马斯克的真空胶囊高铁为例，如果用比较思维或者经验思维设计新型火车产品，多数人的想法是在现有的功能上做提升，让动力更强劲，流体力学更好。但是如果用第一性原理分析产品需求，就要回到运输工具的本质目的：将较多的货物从A点运输到B点，这才是最初制造火车等运输工具的目的，并非一定要用牵引力才能实现升级。在第一性原理的支撑下，马斯克提出采用磁悬浮加低真空的模式，打造真空胶囊高铁。马斯克在采访中还举过一个例子：特斯拉研制电动汽车期间，曾遇到一个难题：电池成本居高不下。当时储能电池的市场价格是每千瓦时600美元，这个市场价格很稳定，短期内不会有太大的变动。但是马斯克从第一性原理角度进行思考：电池组到底是由什么材料组成的？这些电池原料的市场价格是多少？如果我们购买这些原材料然后组合成电池，需要多少钱？这个答案是，每千瓦时只需要80美元。从最本质出发，研究电池都是由什么材料组成，再推算这些原材料加在一起的价格，从而得到电池的最低价格，通过这样的思维方式，马斯克让电动车的商业化成为可能。多数人考虑问题的出发点是这件事情的现有情况是既定事实，我无法改变，但是马斯克的想法是，如果这件事在物理层面行得通，那么我也能做成。02 用第一性原理思考著名传记作家艾萨克森在《埃隆·马斯克传》中也多次提及“第一性原理”这个概念。他在书中第一次提到，是在马斯克刚开始涉足太空探索领域时。当时他的第一个计划是要建造一个小型火箭，把老鼠送上火星。但是后来马斯克开始担心，如果我们最后目睹的只是一只小老鼠在小飞船上慢慢死去、让人哭笑不得的画面，那可就不妙了，所以他后来想到了把一个小型温室送到火星上去。温室会降落在火星上，同时把火星上绿色植物生长的照片传回地球。他认为公众会为此感到非常兴奋，以至于他们会迫不及待地希望向火星发射更多飞船，完成更多任务。这个计划被称为“火星绿洲”，马斯克估计他只需花费不到 3 000 万美元就能完成这个任务。他用手头的钱就足够了，最大的挑战是造出一枚可以将小温室带到火星的廉价火箭。事实证明，有一个地方可以让他以低廉的价格搞定一枚火箭—俄罗斯。马斯克准备去一趟俄罗斯，看看是不是真能买到一些发射槽或者火箭。但这次旅程比预想中还要糟糕。其中有一次，马斯克开始谈到让人类成为多行星物种的必要性，这位俄罗斯人向他们喷了口水。2002 年年初马斯克又去一次俄罗斯。这一次，马斯克的主要目的是去买两枚第聂伯运载火箭，它是一种经过改装的老式弹道导弹。但他越跟人交涉，人家卖得越贵。最后他觉得自己已经谈下来了，为两枚第聂伯火箭支付 1800 万美元，但后来对方说不行，是每枚 1800 万美元。马斯克说：“我当时气不打一处来，但当我为此愤怒的时候，我就开始重新规划这个问题的解决方案。”在因俄罗斯人离谱的出价感到气愤时，他开始应用第一性原理进行思考，深入基础的物理学情境，一步步在头脑中构建火箭发射的模型。他因此发展出了一个概念，叫“白痴指数”，用来计算某个制成品的成本比其基本材料的成本高多少。如果一个产品的“白痴指数”很高，那么一定可以通过规划设计出更有效的制造技术来大幅降低它的成本。火箭的“白痴指数”就非常高。马斯克开始计算其中的碳纤维、金属、燃料和其他材料的成本：采用目前的制造方法，成品的成本至少比材料的成本多出 50 倍。人类如果要去火星，必须彻底改进制造火箭的技术。依靠二手火箭，特别是来自俄罗斯的二手火箭，无法推动航天技术发展。因此，在返程的飞机上，马斯克就拿出电脑，开始用电子表格拉清单，详细列出制造一枚中型火箭的所有材料和成本。无独有偶，在特斯拉的设计生产过程中，“第一性原理”也发挥着至关重要的作用。从 2017 年年初开始，马斯克和冯·霍兹豪森翻来覆去地讨论特斯拉皮卡的想法。冯·霍兹豪森从传统设计起步，以雪佛兰索罗德为参照，还把一辆索罗德放在了工作室正中间，供他们研究车型比例和零部件。马斯克说，他想做一款更令人兴奋甚至能惊艳众人的皮卡。所以他们研究了汽车史上出现过的酷炫车辆，其中最引人注目的是雪佛兰在 20 世纪 60 年代打造的复古未来主义轿跑 El Camino。冯·霍兹豪森设计了一款具有类似气质的皮卡，但当二人绕着模型走来走去时，他们一致认为它风格“太软”了。“曲线玲珑的样子，”冯·霍兹豪森说，“不像皮卡那样敦实厚重。”马斯克随后补充了另一个启发过他的设计做参考：20 世纪 70 年代末的楔形尖头的英国跑车—路特斯 Esprit。具体来说，他特别迷恋 1977 年詹姆斯·邦德系列电影《007 之海底城》中出现过的一款路特斯 Esprit。马斯克以近 100 万美元的价格买下了电影拍摄时用过的那辆车，放在特斯拉的设计工作室里做展示。头脑风暴的过程很有趣，但还是没有碰撞出一个让他们激动的概念原型。为了汲取灵感，他们参观了彼得森汽车博物馆，在那里有些发现出乎他们的意料。冯·霍兹豪森说：“我们意识到，皮卡的外形和制造工艺在长达 80 年的时间里基本没有变化。”这导致马斯克把注意力转移到了更基础的问题上，他开始用“第一性原理”推导这个问题：特斯拉应该用什么材料打造卡车车身？通过对材料的反思，甚至是对车辆结构物理学的反复研究，特斯拉可以为全新设计开辟出可能性。冯·霍兹豪森说：“最初我们考虑的是铝，还考虑过钛，因为耐用性真的很重要。”但在那时，马斯克开始着迷于探索用富有光泽的不锈钢制作火箭飞船的可能性。他意识到，这种材料可能也适用于皮卡。不锈钢车身不需要喷漆，而且可以承担车辆的一些结构性负荷。这个想法真正做到了不落俗套，重新思考了车辆的可能性。经过几周的讨论，在一个周五的下午，马斯克走进来，简明扼要地宣布：“我们要用不锈钢造皮卡。”查尔斯·柯伊曼是特斯拉和 SpaceX 负责材料工程的副总裁。马斯克具备的一个优势是他的几家公司可以彼此分享工程知识。柯伊曼开发了一种“冷轧”的超硬不锈钢合金，不需要做热处理，特斯拉还为此申请了专利。这种材料足够结实，也足够便宜，可以用于制造卡车和火箭。在特斯拉 Cybertruck 上使用不锈钢的决定对车辆的工程设计有重大影响。钢制车身可以作为车辆的承重结构，而过去是底盘在发挥这一作用。马斯克建议：“我们可以把强度都放在外圈，让车身成为车辆的外骨骼，然后把其他东西都搭在它里面。”用上了不锈钢，也给卡车外观引入了新的可能性。与使用冲压机器将碳纤维雕琢成曲线玲珑的车身面板相比，不锈钢更适合做直线和锐角设计。这就让设计团队有机会—某种程度上也是被逼无奈—探索出更多未来主义的、前卫的甚至是乍一看不太和谐的设计想法。03 从事物的本质出发不被过往的经验所束缚马斯克对于“第一性原理”的推崇，还体现在对于成本的把控上。马斯克对成本控制极为关注，这不仅是因为他要花他自己的钱，更是因为把每一分钱都花在刀刃上对实现他的最终目标（殖民火星）来说至关重要。航空航天领域的零部件供应商提供的部件价格不能让他满意，他质疑这些价格，因为这些部件的价格一般要比汽车行业的类似零部件高出 10 倍。他对成本的关注，以及他天生的控制欲，让他产生了这样一种想法：尽量多在公司内部制造零部件，而不是从供应商那里购买，这是当时火箭产业和汽车行业的通行做法。穆勒回忆说，有一次 SpaceX 需要一个阀门，供应商要价 25 万美元。马斯克说他们心太黑了，并对穆勒说我们应该自己制造。他们在几个月内就以很低的成本完成了这项工作。另一家供应商负责提供一种能使上级发动机的喷管旋转的驱动器，报价12万美 元。马斯克说这东西并不比车库门开关复杂多少，于是他要求手下的一名工程师以每个 5000 美元的成本把它造出来。为穆勒工作的年轻工程师杰里米·霍尔曼发现，洗车系统里用于混合清洗液的阀门改造后就可以与火箭燃料一起工作。还有一家供应商，交付了一批装在燃料箱顶部的铝制整流罩，随后就抬高了下一批产品的价格。“这就像油漆工给你的房子刷了一半漆后坐地起价，要你花 3 倍的价钱才肯刷完后一半，埃隆可不吃这一套。”马克·容科萨说道，他是马斯克在 SpaceX 关系最亲密的同事。马斯克说这样敲诈他的人跟在莫斯科卖火箭的家伙没什么区别，他对容科萨说：“我们自己做。”于是装配设施中增加了一个新的部分来打造整流罩。几年后， SpaceX 在内部就完成了 70% 的火箭零部件制造工作。当 SpaceX 开始生产第一批默林火箭发动机时，马斯克问穆勒这东西有多重，穆勒说大约 1000 磅。马斯克说，特斯拉 Model S 的引擎重约 4000 磅，制造成本约3万美元。“如果特斯拉的引擎重量是你的发动机的 4 倍，为什么你的发动机要花那么多钱？”其中一个原因是，火箭零部件的制造受到军方和美国国家航空航天局规定的数百种规格与要求的制约。在大型航空航天公司，工程师们严格遵守这些金科玉律，马斯克则离经叛道，他要求工程师质疑这些规格要求，这后来成为他五步工作法当中的第一步，在公司内部这一步被称为“质疑”，这也是他开发产品时的口头禅。每当工程师把某项“要求”作为做某事的理由时，马斯克就会质问他们：谁提出的这个要求？如果工程师回答“军方要求”或“法律要求”，都不能让他满意，马斯克坚持要让他们说出提出这些要求的人员姓名。“我们讨论如何鉴别发动机的水平、如何判定燃料箱是否合格时，他会问大家：‘为什么我们必须这样做？’”蒂姆·布扎说，他曾是波音公司员工，后来成为 SpaceX 负责发射与测试任务的副总裁，“我们会说：‘军事规格标准里要求的。’他又会问：‘谁起草的？为什么这么要求？’”马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":92,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":266001701183536,"gmtCreate":1705960208128,"gmtModify":1705962153640,"author":{"id":"3468372725449802","authorId":"3468372725449802","name":"lonson","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0db7aec776040a893db01217e7312082","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3468372725449802","idStr":"3468372725449802"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/266001701183536","repostId":"2403279232","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2403279232","kind":"highlight","pubTimestamp":1705196183,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2403279232?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2024-01-14 09:36","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Better Than BTC: 7 Crypto Stocks With the Potential to Outperform Bitcoin","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2403279232","media":"InvestorPlace","summary":"Riot Platforms : Boasts the lowest Bitcoin  production costs among publicly-traded miners.Marathon Digital : Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.Bitfarms : Continues expanding mining capacity and accumulating inventory ahead of the next major Bitcoin bull cycle.Continue reading for the complete list of the crypto stocks to buy!Riot Platforms aims to increase its hash rate even more. It has secured two major orders with MicroBT, one in June for over 33,000 next-gen miners and another for an additional 66,560 miners this month. The company is targe","content":"<html><head></head><body><ul style=\"\"><li><p><strong>Riot Platforms</strong> (<strong>RIOT</strong>): Boasts the lowest <strong>Bitcoin</strong> (<strong><u>BTC-USD</u></strong>) production costs among publicly-traded miners.</p></li><li><p><strong>Marathon Digital</strong> (<strong>MARA</strong>): Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.</p></li><li><p><strong>Bitfarms</strong> (<strong>BITF</strong>): Continues expanding mining capacity and accumulating inventory ahead of the next major Bitcoin bull cycle.</p></li><li><p>Continue reading for the complete list of the crypto stocks to buy!</p></li></ul><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8eb7347f56c37b36c61820505038b63a\" tg-width=\"768\" tg-height=\"432\"/></p><p>Source: biggunsband / Shutterstock.com</p><p>The crypto market is on fire this winter, with many cryptocurrencies seeing sharp rises as we start 2024 off strong. One of the biggest potential catalysts has been the SEC’s approval of 12 <strong>Bitcoin</strong> (<strong>BTC-USD</strong>) ETFs, finally giving the nod to these long-awaited investment vehicles. With the flood gates now opened, I expect to see many more Bitcoin ETFs launch this year, further propelling the leading cryptocurrency higher. In addition, Bitcoin’s next halving event is approaching in 2024, reducing the new supply of coins on the market. Historically, these halvings lead to a supply shock that drives the Bitcoin price higher. And cyclical assets like Bitcoin could get an additional boost with rate cuts potentially on the horizon in the first half of 2024.</p><p>While I always recommend holding some Bitcoin directly, buying shares of crypto stocks related to Bitcoin is another way to capitalize on this momentum and potentially see even bigger gains. These crypto mining stocks tend to trade more speculatively and have greater volatility than Bitcoin, as evidenced by the recent tumble. But their returns during crypto bull runs can be incredible for those with a higher risk tolerance. Let’s take a look!</p><h2 id=\"id_3775013041\">Riot Platforms (RIOT)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/84cf777374981a0defc49e7efc38c94c\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.com</p><p><strong>Riot Platforms</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>RIOT</strong>) has very low production costs and a significant stash of BTC to benefit from future price spikes. If the crypto winter thaws more, RIOT stock has the potential to deliver much higher gains than Bitcoin itself. One of the reasons for this is that the company mines Bitcoin at a cost of only $5,537 per coin, which is the lowest among publicly-traded miners. Therefore, if the price of Bitcoin increases next year, Riot’s profit surge will be magnified due to the company’s operating leverage.</p><p>Riot currently holds over 7,327 Bitcoin in its balance sheet, which makes it highly-sensitive to the token’s value. The upcoming 2024 “halving” event, which reduces mining rewards to create scarcity, could potentially trigger a surge in Bitcoin’s price. As far as pure-plays in crypto mining are concerned, Riot Platforms is my top choice for navigating market ups and downs. This Bitcoin miner has increased its production capacity and is well-positioned to benefit from future bull runs. In December, its monthly Bitcoin output rose by 12% to 619 coins.</p><p>Riot Platforms aims to increase its hash rate even more. It has secured two major orders with MicroBT, one in June for over 33,000 next-gen miners and another for an additional 66,560 miners this month. The company is targeting over 100 EH/s in total.</p><p>Apart from benefiting from rising Bitcoin prices, Riot can also capture more mining market share. Despite Bitcoin sitting 29% below its record highs, Riot’s cost to produce a single Bitcoin is approximately $5,500. With Bitcoin currently trading near $46,000, this miner’s margins seem sustainable even if prices correct. However, if bullish momentum takes hold, Riot’s profit potential could be massive.</p><h2 id=\"id_1917097497\">Marathon Digital (MARA)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f7b8d4b255b47c4e053f452536215910\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.com</p><p><strong>Marathon Digital</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>MARA</strong>) is another company that mines cryptocurrencies and is well-positioned to benefit from Bitcoin’s long-term growth. Although Marathon’s cost to produce each Bitcoin is higher than that of Riot, its recent growth cannot be ignored. In Q3 of 2023, Marathon mined 3,490 Bitcoins, a 467% year-over-year increase compared to the 616 coins mined the previous year, resulting in a net income of $64 million from Bitcoin revenue. The company then produced 1,853 BTC in December alone.</p><p>Despite the company’s higher mining costs, Marathon remains profitable, especially at Bitcoin’s current price level. Notably, this profitability is expected to continue in 2024. Additionally, with Marathon expanding its network hash rate, it is well-positioned to benefit from the growth of crypto mining overall.</p><h2 id=\"id_3803031266\">Bitfarms (BITF)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/845fc8ac2be7950d5554a764718811c6\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: PHOTOCREO Michal Bednarek / Shutterstock.com</p><p>With Bitcoin surging recently amid several near-term catalysts, I’ve become increasingly bullish on <strong>Bitfarms</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>BITF</strong>). However This stock could take a breather soon as it has appreciated a lot.</p><p>Still, I think the Canadian Bitcoin miner is not a bad buy below $3 per share. Bitfarms earned 446 BTC in December 2023 and 4,928 BTC for all of 2023. The company’s hashrate also grew by 44% year-over-year, which exceeded guidance.</p><p>Going forward, the company hopes to achieve achieve 12 EH/s and 25 w/TH fleet efficiency in Q2 2024. Jeff Lucas, CFO of Bitfarms, said,</p><blockquote><p>“In 2024, we are building on our financial foundation with a continued focus on effectively utilizing cash flow from operations in our capital efficient growth plan for farm expansion and fleet-wide upgrades. Throughout 2023, we maintained a strong balance sheet during the fourth quarter, and we increased total liquidity by $52 million to $118 million, ending the year with $84 million in cash, $34 million in BTC in treasury, and only $4 million in debt. Furthermore, in December, we increased our overall BTC exposure by expanding our Synthetic HODL™ portfolio by a total of 100 long-dated calls while maintaining BTC held in treasury relatively constant at 804.”</p></blockquote><h2 id=\"id_907362637\">Hive Blockchain (HIVE)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1ab9aafa313ccd3aabf45250c92914dc\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: Gaston Cerliani / Shutterstock.com</p><p><strong>Hive Blockchain</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>HIVE</strong>) announced impressive 2023 calendar year production totals from its global Bitcoin mining operations. The company mined 3,260 Bitcoin in 2023 while doubling its hashrate from 2 EH/s to 4 EH/s.</p><p>This hashrate expansion allowed Hive to maintain approximately 1% share of the total Bitcoin network, mining around 9 coins daily on average throughout the year. With Bitcoin’s daily block rewards averaging 900 and totaling 328,500 for 2023, Hive’s output equated to a market share right around 1%.</p><p>As more efficient mining machines compete for limited daily rewards, Bitcoin’s mining difficulty increased about 100% in 2023. But Hive expanded its hashrate enough to preserve its share. The company ended 2023 with around $17 million in cash and 1,704 Bitcoin held.</p><p>Hive aims to hold its full balance until April 2024’s halving cuts daily rewards in half to 450 Bitcoin. If the price remains elevated by then, I believe Hive can easily remain profitable.</p><p>The company also made major progress deploying new mining hardware. Its full order of 9,800 Bitmain S19k Pro miners shipped, with 70% installed before January 2024. Once fully deployed, Hive forecasts a hash rate of 4.8 EH/s at 28.7 J/TH efficiency.</p><h2 id=\"id_3290446368\">CleanSpark (CLSK)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d7991795a0688b69a54d0ee9eace42ac\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: Yev_1234 / Shutterstock</p><p>After pulling back recently, I think <strong>CleanSpark </strong>(NASDAQ:<strong>CLSK</strong>) stock retains significant upside potential. Last quarter, CleanSpark grew revenue by 100% year-over-year due to its expanding hash rate. The company posted $144 million in cash, also marking substantial growth. The company’s production of more than 720 Bitcoin last month also took its total holdings above 3,000 BTC.</p><p>The company recently announced a major agreement to purchase up to 160,000 Bitmain S21 miners, positioning the company for up to 50 EH/s in hashing capacity.</p><p>Under the terms, CleanSpark will initially receive 60,000 S21 units shipping from April to June 2024. The deal also includes a strategic call option to acquire 100,000 additional S21 miners at a fixed $16 per terahash through the end of 2024.</p><p>If fully exercised, this option would boost CleanSpark’s hashrate 400% from its current 10 EH/s to approximately 50 EH/s once all new machines are deployed. As one of North America’s largest publicly traded Bitcoin miners, this move positions CleanSpark well to capture significant growth during the next crypto bull cycle.</p><h2 id=\"id_2299779829\">Iris Energy (IREN)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/48f0831e807a2169de978857d7a09d8a\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p><strong>Iris Energy</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>IREN</strong>) recently published its December operational update, highlighting impressive Bitcoin mining production numbers. With 4,123 Bitcoin mined in 2023, the company averaged a 5,576 PH/s hashrate in December while mining 399 Bitcoin in that month alone.</p><p>December revenue reached $17.2 million, weighed down by electricity costs of $5.9 million. Importantly, Iris expanded self-mining capacity to 10 EH/s after acquiring 1.6 EH/s of new Bitmain T21 miners for $14/TH.</p><p>This 80 MW expansion at the company’s Childress, Texas facility will be delivered progressively from January 2024 onward. The added T21 units will also improve Iris’ overall fleet efficiency from 29.5 to 24.8 J/TH once installed.</p><p>The company’s 10 EH/s growth was fully funded through Iris’ targeted equity financing program. The company continues early works and procurement for the next 100 MW expansion at Childress, where an additional 500 MW is immediately available.</p><p>At the company’s Canal Flats, Mackenzie, and Prince George sites in Canada, Iris continued mining at capacity, leveraging 100% renewable energy. Construction also progressed at Childress, with new data center buildings on track for deployment from Q1 2024.</p><p>With its December Bitcoin production, Iris mined a total of 4,123 coins in 2023. The company begins 2024 well-positioned for further growth, with plans to scale beyond 10 EH/s in the second half of the year. If crypto market conditions improve as hoped, Iris could substantially boost future output at lower costs.</p><h2 id=\"id_4172384618\">Bit Digital (BTBT)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ed8eac803ba1d20e1eb02fa6a135d602\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: Artie Medvedev / Shutterstock.com</p><p>As a more under-the-radar crypto mining pick, <strong>Bit Digital</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>BTBT</strong>) could surge from current levels near $3 a share if a bull market rally continues this year.</p><p>The company touts 99% carbon-free mining. It also runs over 44,000 miners, producing a 3.4 exahash rate at maximum capacity. To date, Bit Digital has earned 5,503 Bitcoins since its inception.</p><p>Bit Digital’s profitability is closely tied to the price of Bitcoin. However, if Bitcoin experiences a significant surge in value, some experts believe that previously-struggling companies in the industry, such as Bit Digital, could make a comeback by 2025.</p></body></html>","source":"investorplace_stock_picks","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Better Than BTC: 7 Crypto Stocks With the Potential to Outperform Bitcoin</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBetter Than BTC: 7 Crypto Stocks With the Potential to Outperform Bitcoin\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2024-01-14 09:36 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://investorplace.com/2024/01/better-than-btc-7-crypto-stocks-with-the-potential-to-outperform-bitcoin/><strong>InvestorPlace</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Riot Platforms (RIOT): Boasts the lowest Bitcoin (BTC-USD) production costs among publicly-traded miners.Marathon Digital (MARA): Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.Bitfarms (...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://investorplace.com/2024/01/better-than-btc-7-crypto-stocks-with-the-potential-to-outperform-bitcoin/\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"PSQ":"纳指反向ETF","QLD":"纳指两倍做多ETF","BITO":"ProShares Bitcoin ETF",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","CLSK":"CleanSpark, Inc.","HODL":"VanEck Bitcoin Trust ETF","GBTC":"Grayscale Bitcoin Trust","SQQQ":"纳指三倍做空ETF","BITF":"Bitfarms Ltd.","FBTC":"Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund","QQQ":"纳指100ETF","IBIT":"iShares Bitcoin Trust","BTC":"Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust","BRRR":"Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund","DEFI":"Hashdex Bitcoin ETF","QID":"纳指两倍做空ETF","MARA":"MARA Holdings","BK4023":"应用软件","BTCO":"Invesco Galaxy Bitcoin ETF","RIOT":"Riot Platforms","TQQQ":"纳指三倍做多ETF","BTCW":"WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund","BTBT":"Bit Digital, Inc.","BK4585":"ETF&股票定投概念","BK4594":"比特币ETF概念","BITB":"Bitwise Bitcoin ETF","EZBC":"Franklin Bitcoin ETF","HIVE":"Hive Blockchain","IREN":"Iris Energy Ltd","ARKB":"ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF"},"source_url":"https://investorplace.com/2024/01/better-than-btc-7-crypto-stocks-with-the-potential-to-outperform-bitcoin/","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2403279232","content_text":"Riot Platforms (RIOT): Boasts the lowest Bitcoin (BTC-USD) production costs among publicly-traded miners.Marathon Digital (MARA): Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.Bitfarms (BITF): Continues expanding mining capacity and accumulating inventory ahead of the next major Bitcoin bull cycle.Continue reading for the complete list of the crypto stocks to buy!Source: biggunsband / Shutterstock.comThe crypto market is on fire this winter, with many cryptocurrencies seeing sharp rises as we start 2024 off strong. One of the biggest potential catalysts has been the SEC’s approval of 12 Bitcoin (BTC-USD) ETFs, finally giving the nod to these long-awaited investment vehicles. With the flood gates now opened, I expect to see many more Bitcoin ETFs launch this year, further propelling the leading cryptocurrency higher. In addition, Bitcoin’s next halving event is approaching in 2024, reducing the new supply of coins on the market. Historically, these halvings lead to a supply shock that drives the Bitcoin price higher. And cyclical assets like Bitcoin could get an additional boost with rate cuts potentially on the horizon in the first half of 2024.While I always recommend holding some Bitcoin directly, buying shares of crypto stocks related to Bitcoin is another way to capitalize on this momentum and potentially see even bigger gains. These crypto mining stocks tend to trade more speculatively and have greater volatility than Bitcoin, as evidenced by the recent tumble. But their returns during crypto bull runs can be incredible for those with a higher risk tolerance. Let’s take a look!Riot Platforms (RIOT)Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.comRiot Platforms (NASDAQ:RIOT) has very low production costs and a significant stash of BTC to benefit from future price spikes. If the crypto winter thaws more, RIOT stock has the potential to deliver much higher gains than Bitcoin itself. One of the reasons for this is that the company mines Bitcoin at a cost of only $5,537 per coin, which is the lowest among publicly-traded miners. Therefore, if the price of Bitcoin increases next year, Riot’s profit surge will be magnified due to the company’s operating leverage.Riot currently holds over 7,327 Bitcoin in its balance sheet, which makes it highly-sensitive to the token’s value. The upcoming 2024 “halving” event, which reduces mining rewards to create scarcity, could potentially trigger a surge in Bitcoin’s price. As far as pure-plays in crypto mining are concerned, Riot Platforms is my top choice for navigating market ups and downs. This Bitcoin miner has increased its production capacity and is well-positioned to benefit from future bull runs. In December, its monthly Bitcoin output rose by 12% to 619 coins.Riot Platforms aims to increase its hash rate even more. It has secured two major orders with MicroBT, one in June for over 33,000 next-gen miners and another for an additional 66,560 miners this month. The company is targeting over 100 EH/s in total.Apart from benefiting from rising Bitcoin prices, Riot can also capture more mining market share. Despite Bitcoin sitting 29% below its record highs, Riot’s cost to produce a single Bitcoin is approximately $5,500. With Bitcoin currently trading near $46,000, this miner’s margins seem sustainable even if prices correct. However, if bullish momentum takes hold, Riot’s profit potential could be massive.Marathon Digital (MARA)Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.comMarathon Digital (NASDAQ:MARA) is another company that mines cryptocurrencies and is well-positioned to benefit from Bitcoin’s long-term growth. Although Marathon’s cost to produce each Bitcoin is higher than that of Riot, its recent growth cannot be ignored. In Q3 of 2023, Marathon mined 3,490 Bitcoins, a 467% year-over-year increase compared to the 616 coins mined the previous year, resulting in a net income of $64 million from Bitcoin revenue. The company then produced 1,853 BTC in December alone.Despite the company’s higher mining costs, Marathon remains profitable, especially at Bitcoin’s current price level. Notably, this profitability is expected to continue in 2024. Additionally, with Marathon expanding its network hash rate, it is well-positioned to benefit from the growth of crypto mining overall.Bitfarms (BITF)Source: PHOTOCREO Michal Bednarek / Shutterstock.comWith Bitcoin surging recently amid several near-term catalysts, I’ve become increasingly bullish on Bitfarms (NASDAQ:BITF). However This stock could take a breather soon as it has appreciated a lot.Still, I think the Canadian Bitcoin miner is not a bad buy below $3 per share. Bitfarms earned 446 BTC in December 2023 and 4,928 BTC for all of 2023. The company’s hashrate also grew by 44% year-over-year, which exceeded guidance.Going forward, the company hopes to achieve achieve 12 EH/s and 25 w/TH fleet efficiency in Q2 2024. Jeff Lucas, CFO of Bitfarms, said,“In 2024, we are building on our financial foundation with a continued focus on effectively utilizing cash flow from operations in our capital efficient growth plan for farm expansion and fleet-wide upgrades. Throughout 2023, we maintained a strong balance sheet during the fourth quarter, and we increased total liquidity by $52 million to $118 million, ending the year with $84 million in cash, $34 million in BTC in treasury, and only $4 million in debt. Furthermore, in December, we increased our overall BTC exposure by expanding our Synthetic HODL™ portfolio by a total of 100 long-dated calls while maintaining BTC held in treasury relatively constant at 804.”Hive Blockchain (HIVE)Source: Gaston Cerliani / Shutterstock.comHive Blockchain (NASDAQ:HIVE) announced impressive 2023 calendar year production totals from its global Bitcoin mining operations. The company mined 3,260 Bitcoin in 2023 while doubling its hashrate from 2 EH/s to 4 EH/s.This hashrate expansion allowed Hive to maintain approximately 1% share of the total Bitcoin network, mining around 9 coins daily on average throughout the year. With Bitcoin’s daily block rewards averaging 900 and totaling 328,500 for 2023, Hive’s output equated to a market share right around 1%.As more efficient mining machines compete for limited daily rewards, Bitcoin’s mining difficulty increased about 100% in 2023. But Hive expanded its hashrate enough to preserve its share. The company ended 2023 with around $17 million in cash and 1,704 Bitcoin held.Hive aims to hold its full balance until April 2024’s halving cuts daily rewards in half to 450 Bitcoin. If the price remains elevated by then, I believe Hive can easily remain profitable.The company also made major progress deploying new mining hardware. Its full order of 9,800 Bitmain S19k Pro miners shipped, with 70% installed before January 2024. Once fully deployed, Hive forecasts a hash rate of 4.8 EH/s at 28.7 J/TH efficiency.CleanSpark (CLSK)Source: Yev_1234 / ShutterstockAfter pulling back recently, I think CleanSpark (NASDAQ:CLSK) stock retains significant upside potential. Last quarter, CleanSpark grew revenue by 100% year-over-year due to its expanding hash rate. The company posted $144 million in cash, also marking substantial growth. The company’s production of more than 720 Bitcoin last month also took its total holdings above 3,000 BTC.The company recently announced a major agreement to purchase up to 160,000 Bitmain S21 miners, positioning the company for up to 50 EH/s in hashing capacity.Under the terms, CleanSpark will initially receive 60,000 S21 units shipping from April to June 2024. The deal also includes a strategic call option to acquire 100,000 additional S21 miners at a fixed $16 per terahash through the end of 2024.If fully exercised, this option would boost CleanSpark’s hashrate 400% from its current 10 EH/s to approximately 50 EH/s once all new machines are deployed. As one of North America’s largest publicly traded Bitcoin miners, this move positions CleanSpark well to capture significant growth during the next crypto bull cycle.Iris Energy (IREN)Iris Energy (NASDAQ:IREN) recently published its December operational update, highlighting impressive Bitcoin mining production numbers. With 4,123 Bitcoin mined in 2023, the company averaged a 5,576 PH/s hashrate in December while mining 399 Bitcoin in that month alone.December revenue reached $17.2 million, weighed down by electricity costs of $5.9 million. Importantly, Iris expanded self-mining capacity to 10 EH/s after acquiring 1.6 EH/s of new Bitmain T21 miners for $14/TH.This 80 MW expansion at the company’s Childress, Texas facility will be delivered progressively from January 2024 onward. The added T21 units will also improve Iris’ overall fleet efficiency from 29.5 to 24.8 J/TH once installed.The company’s 10 EH/s growth was fully funded through Iris’ targeted equity financing program. The company continues early works and procurement for the next 100 MW expansion at Childress, where an additional 500 MW is immediately available.At the company’s Canal Flats, Mackenzie, and Prince George sites in Canada, Iris continued mining at capacity, leveraging 100% renewable energy. Construction also progressed at Childress, with new data center buildings on track for deployment from Q1 2024.With its December Bitcoin production, Iris mined a total of 4,123 coins in 2023. The company begins 2024 well-positioned for further growth, with plans to scale beyond 10 EH/s in the second half of the year. If crypto market conditions improve as hoped, Iris could substantially boost future output at lower costs.Bit Digital (BTBT)Source: Artie Medvedev / Shutterstock.comAs a more under-the-radar crypto mining pick, Bit Digital (NASDAQ:BTBT) could surge from current levels near $3 a share if a bull market rally continues this year.The company touts 99% carbon-free mining. It also runs over 44,000 miners, producing a 3.4 exahash rate at maximum capacity. To date, Bit Digital has earned 5,503 Bitcoins since its inception.Bit Digital’s profitability is closely tied to the price of Bitcoin. However, if Bitcoin experiences a significant surge in value, some experts believe that previously-struggling companies in the industry, such as Bit Digital, could make a comeback by 2025.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":534,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":386697469,"gmtCreate":1613167487451,"gmtModify":1613167487451,"author":{"id":"3468372725449802","authorId":"3468372725449802","name":"lonson","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0db7aec776040a893db01217e7312082","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3468372725449802","idStr":"3468372725449802"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/386697469","repostId":"334234546","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":334234546,"gmtCreate":1610791448781,"gmtModify":1703746925191,"author":{"id":"3478213283465426","authorId":"3478213283465426","name":"美股投资网","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a1bfd2cf1aa240d7058795c83d419510","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3478213283465426","idStr":"3478213283465426"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"\n \n \n  【前纽约证交所分析师频道】提前预测ARK基金ARKX的投资组合，四只太空概念股NPA SRAC SPCE MAXR 哪只更受女神青睐？\n \n","listText":"【前纽约证交所分析师频道】提前预测ARK基金ARKX的投资组合，四只太空概念股NPA SRAC SPCE MAXR 哪只更受女神青睐？","text":"【前纽约证交所分析师频道】提前预测ARK基金ARKX的投资组合，四只太空概念股NPA SRAC SPCE MAXR 哪只更受女神青睐？","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f01cc046ac11dc34fb458f9496359ee4","width":"0","height":"0"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":2,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/334234546","isVote":1,"tweetType":2,"object":{"id":"f723f8722c8c454faf8f1adaa702dbe4","tweetId":"334234546","title":"美股分析 | ARK 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什么是打新？ 公司上市又称为首次公开发行（IPO），是指一家公司设定一个发行价格区间首次向公众发行股票进行融资。“打新”即指投资者参与认购首次公开招股，有机会以最终确定的发行价在上市当天买入股票。 公司拟于香港主板上市，需向香港联交所提交申请，由联交所统一审批并发布，分为国际配售和公开发售两部分。国际配售是直接卖给专业投资者（一般为机构投资者或者大额个人投资者）的部分，包括基石投资和锚定投资。其中，基石投资者获得的配售股票具有半年的锁定期。上市条例规定一般情况下国际配售占到整个发行量的90%以上。剩下的为公开发售，也就是个人投资者参与打新的部分。另设回拨机制，根据公开发售超购倍数扩大公开发售部分的比例，公开发售最多可以占整个发行量的50%，以保证个人投资者有足够的机会参与。 港股打新与A股打新的区别有哪些？ 要想在港股市场认购新股，首先必须要有港股的证券账户，但并不要求有持仓，只需要在互联网券商公司如老虎证券开户入金就可以参与了。而A股打新则需要现持有一定市值的股票才可操作，沪港通还没有开通打新的业务。其次，港股与A股的上市制度也有所不同，港股采用了注册制，相比A股的审批制相对较为宽松，也没有市盈率的要求，因此企业赴港上市的节奏也会稍快。此外，A股打新就是另一种形式的“买彩票”而港股的中签率则要大于A股。新股发行之前，如果认购的人比较多，将通过抽签决定股票的分配。其中一个重要的概念是一手中签率，即只申购一手的情况下，中签一手的概率。A股普遍中签率在0.03%左右，但港股实施的是优先保证一户一签的分配政策，尽量每个申购者和散户都能抽到一手，剩余股票再根据递减原则进行分配的公平分配机制，但大热的新股由于引来太多投资者参与，会导致中签率降低，可以从香港联交所信息披露网站查询具体分配情","listText":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集，全是干货，建议收藏后阅读，也建议各位动动小手把它分享给需要了解的朋友。 什么是打新？ 公司上市又称为首次公开发行（IPO），是指一家公司设定一个发行价格区间首次向公众发行股票进行融资。“打新”即指投资者参与认购首次公开招股，有机会以最终确定的发行价在上市当天买入股票。 公司拟于香港主板上市，需向香港联交所提交申请，由联交所统一审批并发布，分为国际配售和公开发售两部分。国际配售是直接卖给专业投资者（一般为机构投资者或者大额个人投资者）的部分，包括基石投资和锚定投资。其中，基石投资者获得的配售股票具有半年的锁定期。上市条例规定一般情况下国际配售占到整个发行量的90%以上。剩下的为公开发售，也就是个人投资者参与打新的部分。另设回拨机制，根据公开发售超购倍数扩大公开发售部分的比例，公开发售最多可以占整个发行量的50%，以保证个人投资者有足够的机会参与。 港股打新与A股打新的区别有哪些？ 要想在港股市场认购新股，首先必须要有港股的证券账户，但并不要求有持仓，只需要在互联网券商公司如老虎证券开户入金就可以参与了。而A股打新则需要现持有一定市值的股票才可操作，沪港通还没有开通打新的业务。其次，港股与A股的上市制度也有所不同，港股采用了注册制，相比A股的审批制相对较为宽松，也没有市盈率的要求，因此企业赴港上市的节奏也会稍快。此外，A股打新就是另一种形式的“买彩票”而港股的中签率则要大于A股。新股发行之前，如果认购的人比较多，将通过抽签决定股票的分配。其中一个重要的概念是一手中签率，即只申购一手的情况下，中签一手的概率。A股普遍中签率在0.03%左右，但港股实施的是优先保证一户一签的分配政策，尽量每个申购者和散户都能抽到一手，剩余股票再根据递减原则进行分配的公平分配机制，但大热的新股由于引来太多投资者参与，会导致中签率降低，可以从香港联交所信息披露网站查询具体分配情","text":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集，全是干货，建议收藏后阅读，也建议各位动动小手把它分享给需要了解的朋友。 什么是打新？ 公司上市又称为首次公开发行（IPO），是指一家公司设定一个发行价格区间首次向公众发行股票进行融资。“打新”即指投资者参与认购首次公开招股，有机会以最终确定的发行价在上市当天买入股票。 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\n","listText":"前两期视频，我们向大家介绍了国内医美行业至少将是一个万亿级的超大市场，并且在国内医美医疗器械的主要玩家都包括哪些。这一期视频我们聊一下为什么同时拥有消费和医疗的属性，以及美容院和美容医院的区别。","text":"前两期视频，我们向大家介绍了国内医美行业至少将是一个万亿级的超大市场，并且在国内医美医疗器械的主要玩家都包括哪些。这一期视频我们聊一下为什么同时拥有消费和医疗的属性，以及美容院和美容医院的区别。","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e8b7f10cfbe69dde0948593f85902be3","width":"0","height":"0"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":2,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/310890513","isVote":1,"tweetType":2,"object":{"id":"c9f9c283e57741dfbc429e8e1a336366","tweetId":"310890513","videoUrl":"https://1254107296.vod2.myqcloud.com/27e1f7ecvodtransgzp1254107296/1f036c145285890813069605767/v.f30.mp4","poster":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e8b7f10cfbe69dde0948593f85902be3"},"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1534,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[{"author":{"id":"3527667803686145","authorId":"3527667803686145","name":"社区成长助手","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b7c7106b5c0c8b0037faa67439d898f","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3527667803686145","authorIdStr":"3527667803686145"},"content":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看老虎社区创作指引","text":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看老虎社区创作指引","html":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看老虎社区创作指引"}],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":372838235803904,"gmtCreate":1732034573787,"gmtModify":1732034577283,"author":{"id":"3468372725449802","authorId":"3468372725449802","name":"lonson","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0db7aec776040a893db01217e7312082","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3468372725449802","authorIdStr":"3468372725449802"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/372838235803904","repostId":"1113155763","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1113155763","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1732028997,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1113155763?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2024-11-19 23:09","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"夜读 | 马斯克：第一性原理，是最好的思考方式","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1113155763","media":"红与绿","summary":"但是马斯克从第一性原理角度进行思考：电池组到底是由什么材料组成的？02 用第一性原理思考著名传记作家艾萨克森在《埃隆·马斯克传》中也多次提及“第一性原理”这个概念。这一次，马斯克的主要目的是去买两枚第聂伯运载火箭，它是一种经过改装的老式弹道导弹。无独有偶，在特斯拉的设计生产过程中，“第一性原理”也发挥着至关重要的作用。","content":"<html><head></head><body><blockquote><p><strong>马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。</strong></p></blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d2ab67b05f6fb0cd6fc207742d274f28\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" tg-width=\"1080\" tg-height=\"722\"/></p><p>2014年，埃隆·马斯克在南加州大学商学院的毕业演讲上，留下了一场5分钟的精彩分享，他将自己对工作和人生的思考总结为五个要点，其中一点说到了他的决策方式：</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">“也许你听我说过，<strong>要从物理学的角度思考问题，这是第一性原理。即不要进行类比推理。你把事情细分到你可以想象的最基本元素，然后你从那里开始推理，这是确定某件事是否有意义的好方法。</strong></p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">这种思考不容易，你可能无法对每件事都这么思考，因为这很花精力。但是如果你想创新知识，那么这是最好的思考方法。这个框架是由物理学家提出并发展的，他们因此找出了反直觉的事情，比如量子力学。所以这是非常有效、非常强大的方法。无论如何，一定尽可能这样去做。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">这不是马斯克第一次在公众面前提及他极力推崇的决策框架：第一性原理。</p><h2 id=\"id_1080965747\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">01 第一性原理如何发挥作用？</h2><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">此前在 TED 的采访中，马斯克对这个概念给到过更具体地解释，他说：“有一种好的思维框架，那是物理学的东西，有点儿像第一原理推理，第一这件事情，我们就也去做。这样思考决策产生的结果是只能产生细小的迭代发展。<strong>第一性原理思维的思考方式是用物理学的角度看待世界的方法，也就是说一层层剥开事物的表象，看到里面的本质，然后再从本质一层层往上走。这要消耗大量的脑力。</strong>”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">具体来说，第一性原理如何在实际决策中发挥作用？</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">以马斯克的真空胶囊高铁为例，如果用比较思维或者经验思维设计新型火车产品，多数人的想法是在现有的功能上做提升，让动力更强劲，流体力学更好。但是如果用第一性原理分析产品需求，就要回到运输工具的本质目的：将较多的货物从A点运输到B点，这才是最初制造火车等运输工具的目的，并非一定要用牵引力才能实现升级。在第一性原理的支撑下，马斯克提出采用磁悬浮加低真空的模式，打造真空胶囊高铁。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克在采访中还举过一个例子：特斯拉研制电动汽车期间，曾遇到一个难题：电池成本居高不下。当时储能电池的市场价格是每千瓦时600美元，这个市场价格很稳定，短期内不会有太大的变动。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">但是马斯克从第一性原理角度进行思考：电池组到底是由什么材料组成的？这些电池原料的市场价格是多少？如果我们购买这些原材料然后组合成电池，需要多少钱？这个答案是，每千瓦时只需要80美元。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">从最本质出发，研究电池都是由什么材料组成，再推算这些原材料加在一起的价格，从而得到电池的最低价格，通过这样的思维方式，马斯克让电动车的商业化成为可能。多数人考虑问题的出发点是这件事情的现有情况是既定事实，我无法改变，但是马斯克的想法是，如果这件事在物理层面行得通，那么我也能做成。</p><h2 id=\"id_2368992666\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">02 用第一性原理思考</h2><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">著名传记作家艾萨克森在《埃隆·马斯克传》中也多次提及“第一性原理”这个概念。他在书中第一次提到，是在马斯克刚开始涉足太空探索领域时。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">当时他的第一个计划是要建造一个小型火箭，把老鼠送上火星。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">但是后来马斯克开始担心，如果我们最后目睹的只是一只小老鼠在小飞船上慢慢死去、让人哭笑不得的画面，那可就不妙了，所以他后来想到了把一个小型温室送到火星上去。温室会降落在火星上，同时把火星上绿色植物生长的照片传回地球。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">他认为公众会为此感到非常兴奋，以至于他们会迫不及待地希望向火星发射更多飞船，完成更多任务。这个计划被称为“火星绿洲”，马斯克估计他只需花费不到 3 000 万美元就能完成这个任务。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">他用手头的钱就足够了，最大的挑战是造出一枚可以将小温室带到火星的廉价火箭。事实证明，有一个地方可以让他以低廉的价格搞定一枚火箭—俄罗斯。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克准备去一趟俄罗斯，看看是不是真能买到一些发射槽或者火箭。但这次旅程比预想中还要糟糕。其中有一次，马斯克开始谈到让人类成为多行星物种的必要性，这位俄罗斯人向他们喷了口水。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2002 年年初马斯克又去一次俄罗斯。这一次，马斯克的主要目的是去买两枚第聂伯运载火箭，它是一种经过改装的老式弹道导弹。但他越跟人交涉，人家卖得越贵。最后他觉得自己已经谈下来了，为两枚第聂伯火箭支付 1800 万美元，但后来对方说不行，是每枚 1800 万美元。马斯克说：“我当时气不打一处来，但当我为此愤怒的时候，我就开始重新规划这个问题的解决方案。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">在因俄罗斯人离谱的出价感到气愤时，他开始应用第一性原理进行思考，深入基础的物理学情境，一步步在头脑中构建火箭发射的模型。他因此发展出了一个概念，叫“白痴指数”，用来计算某个制成品的成本比其基本材料的成本高多少。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">如果一个产品的“白痴指数”很高，那么一定可以通过规划设计出更有效的制造技术来大幅降低它的成本。火箭的“白痴指数”就非常高。马斯克开始计算其中的碳纤维、金属、燃料和其他材料的成本：采用目前的制造方法，成品的成本至少比材料的成本多出 50 倍。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">人类如果要去火星，必须彻底改进制造火箭的技术。依靠二手火箭，特别是来自俄罗斯的二手火箭，无法推动航天技术发展。因此，在返程的飞机上，马斯克就拿出电脑，开始用电子表格拉清单，详细列出制造一枚中型火箭的所有材料和成本。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">无独有偶，在特斯拉的设计生产过程中，“第一性原理”也发挥着至关重要的作用。从 2017 年年初开始，马斯克和冯·霍兹豪森翻来覆去地讨论特斯拉皮卡的想法。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">冯·霍兹豪森从传统设计起步，以雪佛兰索罗德为参照，还把一辆索罗德放在了工作室正中间，供他们研究车型比例和零部件。马斯克说，他想做一款更令人兴奋甚至能惊艳众人的皮卡。所以他们研究了汽车史上出现过的酷炫车辆，其中最引人注目的是雪佛兰在 20 世纪 60 年代打造的复古未来主义轿跑 El Camino。冯·霍兹豪森设计了一款具有类似气质的皮卡，但当二人绕着模型走来走去时，他们一致认为它风格“太软”了。“曲线玲珑的样子，”冯·霍兹豪森说，“不像皮卡那样敦实厚重。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克随后补充了另一个启发过他的设计做参考：20 世纪 70 年代末的楔形尖头的英国跑车—路特斯 Esprit。具体来说，他特别迷恋 1977 年詹姆斯·邦德系列电影《007 之海底城》中出现过的一款路特斯 Esprit。马斯克以近 100 万美元的价格买下了电影拍摄时用过的那辆车，放在特斯拉的设计工作室里做展示。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">头脑风暴的过程很有趣，但还是没有碰撞出一个让他们激动的概念原型。为了汲取灵感，他们参观了彼得森汽车博物馆，在那里有些发现出乎他们的意料。冯·霍兹豪森说：“我们意识到，皮卡的外形和制造工艺在长达 80 年的时间里基本没有变化。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">这导致马斯克把注意力转移到了更基础的问题上，他开始用“第一性原理”推导这个问题：特斯拉应该用什么材料打造卡车车身？通过对材料的反思，甚至是对车辆结构物理学的反复研究，特斯拉可以为全新设计开辟出可能性。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">冯·霍兹豪森说：“最初我们考虑的是铝，还考虑过钛，因为耐用性真的很重要。”但在那时，马斯克开始着迷于探索用富有光泽的不锈钢制作火箭飞船的可能性。他意识到，这种材料可能也适用于皮卡。不锈钢车身不需要喷漆，而且可以承担车辆的一些结构性负荷。这个想法真正做到了不落俗套，重新思考了车辆的可能性。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">经过几周的讨论，在一个周五的下午，马斯克走进来，简明扼要地宣布：“我们要用不锈钢造皮卡。”查尔斯·柯伊曼是特斯拉和 SpaceX 负责材料工程的副总裁。马斯克具备的一个优势是他的几家公司可以彼此分享工程知识。柯伊曼开发了一种“冷轧”的超硬不锈钢合金，不需要做热处理，特斯拉还为此申请了专利。这种材料足够结实，也足够便宜，可以用于制造卡车和火箭。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">在特斯拉 Cybertruck 上使用不锈钢的决定对车辆的工程设计有重大影响。钢制车身可以作为车辆的承重结构，而过去是底盘在发挥这一作用。马斯克建议：“我们可以把强度都放在外圈，让车身成为车辆的外骨骼，然后把其他东西都搭在它里面。”用上了不锈钢，也给卡车外观引入了新的可能性。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">与使用冲压机器将碳纤维雕琢成曲线玲珑的车身面板相比，不锈钢更适合做直线和锐角设计。这就让设计团队有机会—某种程度上也是被逼无奈—探索出更多未来主义的、前卫的甚至是乍一看不太和谐的设计想法。</p><h2 id=\"id_1099004697\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">03 从事物的本质出发不被过往的经验所束缚</h2><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克对于“第一性原理”的推崇，还体现在对于成本的把控上。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">马斯克对成本控制极为关注，这不仅是因为他要花他自己的钱，更是因为把每一分钱都花在刀刃上对实现他的最终目标（殖民火星）来说至关重要。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">航空航天领域的零部件供应商提供的部件价格不能让他满意，他质疑这些价格，因为这些部件的价格一般要比汽车行业的类似零部件高出 10 倍。他对成本的关注，以及他天生的控制欲，让他产生了这样一种想法：尽量多在公司内部制造零部件，而不是从供应商那里购买，这是当时火箭产业和汽车行业的通行做法。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">穆勒回忆说，有一次 SpaceX 需要一个阀门，供应商要价 25 万美元。马斯克说他们心太黑了，并对穆勒说我们应该自己制造。他们在几个月内就以很低的成本完成了这项工作。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">另一家供应商负责提供一种能使上级发动机的喷管旋转的驱动器，报价12万美 元。马斯克说这东西并不比车库门开关复杂多少，于是他要求手下的一名工程师以每个 5000 美元的成本把它造出来。为穆勒工作的年轻工程师杰里米·霍尔曼发现，洗车系统里用于混合清洗液的阀门改造后就可以与火箭燃料一起工作。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">还有一家供应商，交付了一批装在燃料箱顶部的铝制整流罩，随后就抬高了下一批产品的价格。“这就像油漆工给你的房子刷了一半漆后坐地起价，要你花 3 倍的价钱才肯刷完后一半，埃隆可不吃这一套。”马克·容科萨说道，他是马斯克在 SpaceX 关系最亲密的同事。马斯克说这样敲诈他的人跟在莫斯科卖火箭的家伙没什么区别，他对容科萨说：“我们自己做。”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">于是装配设施中增加了一个新的部分来打造整流罩。几年后， SpaceX 在内部就完成了 70% 的火箭零部件制造工作。当 SpaceX 开始生产第一批默林火箭发动机时，马斯克问穆勒这东西有多重，穆勒说大约 1000 磅。马斯克说，特斯拉 Model S 的引擎重约 4000 磅，制造成本约3万美元。“如果特斯拉的引擎重量是你的发动机的 4 倍，为什么你的发动机要花那么多钱？”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">其中一个原因是，火箭零部件的制造受到军方和美国国家航空航天局规定的数百种规格与要求的制约。在大型航空航天公司，工程师们严格遵守这些金科玉律，马斯克则离经叛道，他要求工程师质疑这些规格要求，这后来成为他五步工作法当中的第一步，在公司内部这一步被称为“质疑”，这也是他开发产品时的口头禅。</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">每当工程师把某项“要求”作为做某事的理由时，马斯克就会质问他们：谁提出的这个要求？如果工程师回答“军方要求”或“法律要求”，都不能让他满意，马斯克坚持要让他们说出提出这些要求的人员姓名。“我们讨论如何鉴别发动机的水平、如何判定燃料箱是否合格时，他会问大家：‘为什么我们必须这样做？’”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">蒂姆·布扎说，他曾是波音公司员工，后来成为 SpaceX 负责发射与测试任务的副总裁，“我们会说：‘军事规格标准里要求的。’他又会问：‘谁起草的？为什么这么要求？’”</p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。</strong></p></body></html>","source":"lsy1584353588345","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>夜读 | 马斯克：第一性原理，是最好的思考方式</title>\n<style 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margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n夜读 | 马斯克：第一性原理，是最好的思考方式\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2024-11-19 23:09 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VLYT0x2xCxzIuog8c_twVQ?global_content=%7B%22promote_id%22%3A13766%2C%22sub_promote_id%22%3A29%7D><strong>红与绿</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。2014年，埃隆·马斯克在南加州大学商学院的毕业演讲上，留下了一场5分钟的精彩分享，他将自己对工作和人生的思考总结为五个要点，其中一点说到了他的决策方式：“也许你听我说过，要从...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VLYT0x2xCxzIuog8c_twVQ?global_content=%7B%22promote_id%22%3A13766%2C%22sub_promote_id%22%3A29%7D\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d2ab67b05f6fb0cd6fc207742d274f28","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VLYT0x2xCxzIuog8c_twVQ?global_content=%7B%22promote_id%22%3A13766%2C%22sub_promote_id%22%3A29%7D","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1113155763","content_text":"马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。2014年，埃隆·马斯克在南加州大学商学院的毕业演讲上，留下了一场5分钟的精彩分享，他将自己对工作和人生的思考总结为五个要点，其中一点说到了他的决策方式：“也许你听我说过，要从物理学的角度思考问题，这是第一性原理。即不要进行类比推理。你把事情细分到你可以想象的最基本元素，然后你从那里开始推理，这是确定某件事是否有意义的好方法。这种思考不容易，你可能无法对每件事都这么思考，因为这很花精力。但是如果你想创新知识，那么这是最好的思考方法。这个框架是由物理学家提出并发展的，他们因此找出了反直觉的事情，比如量子力学。所以这是非常有效、非常强大的方法。无论如何，一定尽可能这样去做。”这不是马斯克第一次在公众面前提及他极力推崇的决策框架：第一性原理。01 第一性原理如何发挥作用？此前在 TED 的采访中，马斯克对这个概念给到过更具体地解释，他说：“有一种好的思维框架，那是物理学的东西，有点儿像第一原理推理，第一这件事情，我们就也去做。这样思考决策产生的结果是只能产生细小的迭代发展。第一性原理思维的思考方式是用物理学的角度看待世界的方法，也就是说一层层剥开事物的表象，看到里面的本质，然后再从本质一层层往上走。这要消耗大量的脑力。”具体来说，第一性原理如何在实际决策中发挥作用？以马斯克的真空胶囊高铁为例，如果用比较思维或者经验思维设计新型火车产品，多数人的想法是在现有的功能上做提升，让动力更强劲，流体力学更好。但是如果用第一性原理分析产品需求，就要回到运输工具的本质目的：将较多的货物从A点运输到B点，这才是最初制造火车等运输工具的目的，并非一定要用牵引力才能实现升级。在第一性原理的支撑下，马斯克提出采用磁悬浮加低真空的模式，打造真空胶囊高铁。马斯克在采访中还举过一个例子：特斯拉研制电动汽车期间，曾遇到一个难题：电池成本居高不下。当时储能电池的市场价格是每千瓦时600美元，这个市场价格很稳定，短期内不会有太大的变动。但是马斯克从第一性原理角度进行思考：电池组到底是由什么材料组成的？这些电池原料的市场价格是多少？如果我们购买这些原材料然后组合成电池，需要多少钱？这个答案是，每千瓦时只需要80美元。从最本质出发，研究电池都是由什么材料组成，再推算这些原材料加在一起的价格，从而得到电池的最低价格，通过这样的思维方式，马斯克让电动车的商业化成为可能。多数人考虑问题的出发点是这件事情的现有情况是既定事实，我无法改变，但是马斯克的想法是，如果这件事在物理层面行得通，那么我也能做成。02 用第一性原理思考著名传记作家艾萨克森在《埃隆·马斯克传》中也多次提及“第一性原理”这个概念。他在书中第一次提到，是在马斯克刚开始涉足太空探索领域时。当时他的第一个计划是要建造一个小型火箭，把老鼠送上火星。但是后来马斯克开始担心，如果我们最后目睹的只是一只小老鼠在小飞船上慢慢死去、让人哭笑不得的画面，那可就不妙了，所以他后来想到了把一个小型温室送到火星上去。温室会降落在火星上，同时把火星上绿色植物生长的照片传回地球。他认为公众会为此感到非常兴奋，以至于他们会迫不及待地希望向火星发射更多飞船，完成更多任务。这个计划被称为“火星绿洲”，马斯克估计他只需花费不到 3 000 万美元就能完成这个任务。他用手头的钱就足够了，最大的挑战是造出一枚可以将小温室带到火星的廉价火箭。事实证明，有一个地方可以让他以低廉的价格搞定一枚火箭—俄罗斯。马斯克准备去一趟俄罗斯，看看是不是真能买到一些发射槽或者火箭。但这次旅程比预想中还要糟糕。其中有一次，马斯克开始谈到让人类成为多行星物种的必要性，这位俄罗斯人向他们喷了口水。2002 年年初马斯克又去一次俄罗斯。这一次，马斯克的主要目的是去买两枚第聂伯运载火箭，它是一种经过改装的老式弹道导弹。但他越跟人交涉，人家卖得越贵。最后他觉得自己已经谈下来了，为两枚第聂伯火箭支付 1800 万美元，但后来对方说不行，是每枚 1800 万美元。马斯克说：“我当时气不打一处来，但当我为此愤怒的时候，我就开始重新规划这个问题的解决方案。”在因俄罗斯人离谱的出价感到气愤时，他开始应用第一性原理进行思考，深入基础的物理学情境，一步步在头脑中构建火箭发射的模型。他因此发展出了一个概念，叫“白痴指数”，用来计算某个制成品的成本比其基本材料的成本高多少。如果一个产品的“白痴指数”很高，那么一定可以通过规划设计出更有效的制造技术来大幅降低它的成本。火箭的“白痴指数”就非常高。马斯克开始计算其中的碳纤维、金属、燃料和其他材料的成本：采用目前的制造方法，成品的成本至少比材料的成本多出 50 倍。人类如果要去火星，必须彻底改进制造火箭的技术。依靠二手火箭，特别是来自俄罗斯的二手火箭，无法推动航天技术发展。因此，在返程的飞机上，马斯克就拿出电脑，开始用电子表格拉清单，详细列出制造一枚中型火箭的所有材料和成本。无独有偶，在特斯拉的设计生产过程中，“第一性原理”也发挥着至关重要的作用。从 2017 年年初开始，马斯克和冯·霍兹豪森翻来覆去地讨论特斯拉皮卡的想法。冯·霍兹豪森从传统设计起步，以雪佛兰索罗德为参照，还把一辆索罗德放在了工作室正中间，供他们研究车型比例和零部件。马斯克说，他想做一款更令人兴奋甚至能惊艳众人的皮卡。所以他们研究了汽车史上出现过的酷炫车辆，其中最引人注目的是雪佛兰在 20 世纪 60 年代打造的复古未来主义轿跑 El Camino。冯·霍兹豪森设计了一款具有类似气质的皮卡，但当二人绕着模型走来走去时，他们一致认为它风格“太软”了。“曲线玲珑的样子，”冯·霍兹豪森说，“不像皮卡那样敦实厚重。”马斯克随后补充了另一个启发过他的设计做参考：20 世纪 70 年代末的楔形尖头的英国跑车—路特斯 Esprit。具体来说，他特别迷恋 1977 年詹姆斯·邦德系列电影《007 之海底城》中出现过的一款路特斯 Esprit。马斯克以近 100 万美元的价格买下了电影拍摄时用过的那辆车，放在特斯拉的设计工作室里做展示。头脑风暴的过程很有趣，但还是没有碰撞出一个让他们激动的概念原型。为了汲取灵感，他们参观了彼得森汽车博物馆，在那里有些发现出乎他们的意料。冯·霍兹豪森说：“我们意识到，皮卡的外形和制造工艺在长达 80 年的时间里基本没有变化。”这导致马斯克把注意力转移到了更基础的问题上，他开始用“第一性原理”推导这个问题：特斯拉应该用什么材料打造卡车车身？通过对材料的反思，甚至是对车辆结构物理学的反复研究，特斯拉可以为全新设计开辟出可能性。冯·霍兹豪森说：“最初我们考虑的是铝，还考虑过钛，因为耐用性真的很重要。”但在那时，马斯克开始着迷于探索用富有光泽的不锈钢制作火箭飞船的可能性。他意识到，这种材料可能也适用于皮卡。不锈钢车身不需要喷漆，而且可以承担车辆的一些结构性负荷。这个想法真正做到了不落俗套，重新思考了车辆的可能性。经过几周的讨论，在一个周五的下午，马斯克走进来，简明扼要地宣布：“我们要用不锈钢造皮卡。”查尔斯·柯伊曼是特斯拉和 SpaceX 负责材料工程的副总裁。马斯克具备的一个优势是他的几家公司可以彼此分享工程知识。柯伊曼开发了一种“冷轧”的超硬不锈钢合金，不需要做热处理，特斯拉还为此申请了专利。这种材料足够结实，也足够便宜，可以用于制造卡车和火箭。在特斯拉 Cybertruck 上使用不锈钢的决定对车辆的工程设计有重大影响。钢制车身可以作为车辆的承重结构，而过去是底盘在发挥这一作用。马斯克建议：“我们可以把强度都放在外圈，让车身成为车辆的外骨骼，然后把其他东西都搭在它里面。”用上了不锈钢，也给卡车外观引入了新的可能性。与使用冲压机器将碳纤维雕琢成曲线玲珑的车身面板相比，不锈钢更适合做直线和锐角设计。这就让设计团队有机会—某种程度上也是被逼无奈—探索出更多未来主义的、前卫的甚至是乍一看不太和谐的设计想法。03 从事物的本质出发不被过往的经验所束缚马斯克对于“第一性原理”的推崇，还体现在对于成本的把控上。马斯克对成本控制极为关注，这不仅是因为他要花他自己的钱，更是因为把每一分钱都花在刀刃上对实现他的最终目标（殖民火星）来说至关重要。航空航天领域的零部件供应商提供的部件价格不能让他满意，他质疑这些价格，因为这些部件的价格一般要比汽车行业的类似零部件高出 10 倍。他对成本的关注，以及他天生的控制欲，让他产生了这样一种想法：尽量多在公司内部制造零部件，而不是从供应商那里购买，这是当时火箭产业和汽车行业的通行做法。穆勒回忆说，有一次 SpaceX 需要一个阀门，供应商要价 25 万美元。马斯克说他们心太黑了，并对穆勒说我们应该自己制造。他们在几个月内就以很低的成本完成了这项工作。另一家供应商负责提供一种能使上级发动机的喷管旋转的驱动器，报价12万美 元。马斯克说这东西并不比车库门开关复杂多少，于是他要求手下的一名工程师以每个 5000 美元的成本把它造出来。为穆勒工作的年轻工程师杰里米·霍尔曼发现，洗车系统里用于混合清洗液的阀门改造后就可以与火箭燃料一起工作。还有一家供应商，交付了一批装在燃料箱顶部的铝制整流罩，随后就抬高了下一批产品的价格。“这就像油漆工给你的房子刷了一半漆后坐地起价，要你花 3 倍的价钱才肯刷完后一半，埃隆可不吃这一套。”马克·容科萨说道，他是马斯克在 SpaceX 关系最亲密的同事。马斯克说这样敲诈他的人跟在莫斯科卖火箭的家伙没什么区别，他对容科萨说：“我们自己做。”于是装配设施中增加了一个新的部分来打造整流罩。几年后， SpaceX 在内部就完成了 70% 的火箭零部件制造工作。当 SpaceX 开始生产第一批默林火箭发动机时，马斯克问穆勒这东西有多重，穆勒说大约 1000 磅。马斯克说，特斯拉 Model S 的引擎重约 4000 磅，制造成本约3万美元。“如果特斯拉的引擎重量是你的发动机的 4 倍，为什么你的发动机要花那么多钱？”其中一个原因是，火箭零部件的制造受到军方和美国国家航空航天局规定的数百种规格与要求的制约。在大型航空航天公司，工程师们严格遵守这些金科玉律，马斯克则离经叛道，他要求工程师质疑这些规格要求，这后来成为他五步工作法当中的第一步，在公司内部这一步被称为“质疑”，这也是他开发产品时的口头禅。每当工程师把某项“要求”作为做某事的理由时，马斯克就会质问他们：谁提出的这个要求？如果工程师回答“军方要求”或“法律要求”，都不能让他满意，马斯克坚持要让他们说出提出这些要求的人员姓名。“我们讨论如何鉴别发动机的水平、如何判定燃料箱是否合格时，他会问大家：‘为什么我们必须这样做？’”蒂姆·布扎说，他曾是波音公司员工，后来成为 SpaceX 负责发射与测试任务的副总裁，“我们会说：‘军事规格标准里要求的。’他又会问：‘谁起草的？为什么这么要求？’”马斯克时时刻刻反复叮嘱大家，所有要求都应该被当成建议，不可变更的金科玉律只有那些物理学定律约束下的条件。也就是他说的，从事物的本质出发，不被过往的经验所束缚，避免和周边的同类事物过度类比，透过重重的迷雾，看到事物的本质。","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":92,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":266001701183536,"gmtCreate":1705960208128,"gmtModify":1705962153640,"author":{"id":"3468372725449802","authorId":"3468372725449802","name":"lonson","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0db7aec776040a893db01217e7312082","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3468372725449802","authorIdStr":"3468372725449802"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/266001701183536","repostId":"2403279232","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2403279232","kind":"highlight","pubTimestamp":1705196183,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2403279232?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2024-01-14 09:36","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Better Than BTC: 7 Crypto Stocks With the Potential to Outperform Bitcoin","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2403279232","media":"InvestorPlace","summary":"Riot Platforms : Boasts the lowest Bitcoin  production costs among publicly-traded miners.Marathon Digital : Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.Bitfarms : Continues expanding mining capacity and accumulating inventory ahead of the next major Bitcoin bull cycle.Continue reading for the complete list of the crypto stocks to buy!Riot Platforms aims to increase its hash rate even more. It has secured two major orders with MicroBT, one in June for over 33,000 next-gen miners and another for an additional 66,560 miners this month. The company is targe","content":"<html><head></head><body><ul style=\"\"><li><p><strong>Riot Platforms</strong> (<strong>RIOT</strong>): Boasts the lowest <strong>Bitcoin</strong> (<strong><u>BTC-USD</u></strong>) production costs among publicly-traded miners.</p></li><li><p><strong>Marathon Digital</strong> (<strong>MARA</strong>): Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.</p></li><li><p><strong>Bitfarms</strong> (<strong>BITF</strong>): Continues expanding mining capacity and accumulating inventory ahead of the next major Bitcoin bull cycle.</p></li><li><p>Continue reading for the complete list of the crypto stocks to buy!</p></li></ul><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8eb7347f56c37b36c61820505038b63a\" tg-width=\"768\" tg-height=\"432\"/></p><p>Source: biggunsband / Shutterstock.com</p><p>The crypto market is on fire this winter, with many cryptocurrencies seeing sharp rises as we start 2024 off strong. One of the biggest potential catalysts has been the SEC’s approval of 12 <strong>Bitcoin</strong> (<strong>BTC-USD</strong>) ETFs, finally giving the nod to these long-awaited investment vehicles. With the flood gates now opened, I expect to see many more Bitcoin ETFs launch this year, further propelling the leading cryptocurrency higher. In addition, Bitcoin’s next halving event is approaching in 2024, reducing the new supply of coins on the market. Historically, these halvings lead to a supply shock that drives the Bitcoin price higher. And cyclical assets like Bitcoin could get an additional boost with rate cuts potentially on the horizon in the first half of 2024.</p><p>While I always recommend holding some Bitcoin directly, buying shares of crypto stocks related to Bitcoin is another way to capitalize on this momentum and potentially see even bigger gains. These crypto mining stocks tend to trade more speculatively and have greater volatility than Bitcoin, as evidenced by the recent tumble. But their returns during crypto bull runs can be incredible for those with a higher risk tolerance. Let’s take a look!</p><h2 id=\"id_3775013041\">Riot Platforms (RIOT)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/84cf777374981a0defc49e7efc38c94c\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.com</p><p><strong>Riot Platforms</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>RIOT</strong>) has very low production costs and a significant stash of BTC to benefit from future price spikes. If the crypto winter thaws more, RIOT stock has the potential to deliver much higher gains than Bitcoin itself. One of the reasons for this is that the company mines Bitcoin at a cost of only $5,537 per coin, which is the lowest among publicly-traded miners. Therefore, if the price of Bitcoin increases next year, Riot’s profit surge will be magnified due to the company’s operating leverage.</p><p>Riot currently holds over 7,327 Bitcoin in its balance sheet, which makes it highly-sensitive to the token’s value. The upcoming 2024 “halving” event, which reduces mining rewards to create scarcity, could potentially trigger a surge in Bitcoin’s price. As far as pure-plays in crypto mining are concerned, Riot Platforms is my top choice for navigating market ups and downs. This Bitcoin miner has increased its production capacity and is well-positioned to benefit from future bull runs. In December, its monthly Bitcoin output rose by 12% to 619 coins.</p><p>Riot Platforms aims to increase its hash rate even more. It has secured two major orders with MicroBT, one in June for over 33,000 next-gen miners and another for an additional 66,560 miners this month. The company is targeting over 100 EH/s in total.</p><p>Apart from benefiting from rising Bitcoin prices, Riot can also capture more mining market share. Despite Bitcoin sitting 29% below its record highs, Riot’s cost to produce a single Bitcoin is approximately $5,500. With Bitcoin currently trading near $46,000, this miner’s margins seem sustainable even if prices correct. However, if bullish momentum takes hold, Riot’s profit potential could be massive.</p><h2 id=\"id_1917097497\">Marathon Digital (MARA)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f7b8d4b255b47c4e053f452536215910\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.com</p><p><strong>Marathon Digital</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>MARA</strong>) is another company that mines cryptocurrencies and is well-positioned to benefit from Bitcoin’s long-term growth. Although Marathon’s cost to produce each Bitcoin is higher than that of Riot, its recent growth cannot be ignored. In Q3 of 2023, Marathon mined 3,490 Bitcoins, a 467% year-over-year increase compared to the 616 coins mined the previous year, resulting in a net income of $64 million from Bitcoin revenue. The company then produced 1,853 BTC in December alone.</p><p>Despite the company’s higher mining costs, Marathon remains profitable, especially at Bitcoin’s current price level. Notably, this profitability is expected to continue in 2024. Additionally, with Marathon expanding its network hash rate, it is well-positioned to benefit from the growth of crypto mining overall.</p><h2 id=\"id_3803031266\">Bitfarms (BITF)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/845fc8ac2be7950d5554a764718811c6\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: PHOTOCREO Michal Bednarek / Shutterstock.com</p><p>With Bitcoin surging recently amid several near-term catalysts, I’ve become increasingly bullish on <strong>Bitfarms</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>BITF</strong>). However This stock could take a breather soon as it has appreciated a lot.</p><p>Still, I think the Canadian Bitcoin miner is not a bad buy below $3 per share. Bitfarms earned 446 BTC in December 2023 and 4,928 BTC for all of 2023. The company’s hashrate also grew by 44% year-over-year, which exceeded guidance.</p><p>Going forward, the company hopes to achieve achieve 12 EH/s and 25 w/TH fleet efficiency in Q2 2024. Jeff Lucas, CFO of Bitfarms, said,</p><blockquote><p>“In 2024, we are building on our financial foundation with a continued focus on effectively utilizing cash flow from operations in our capital efficient growth plan for farm expansion and fleet-wide upgrades. Throughout 2023, we maintained a strong balance sheet during the fourth quarter, and we increased total liquidity by $52 million to $118 million, ending the year with $84 million in cash, $34 million in BTC in treasury, and only $4 million in debt. Furthermore, in December, we increased our overall BTC exposure by expanding our Synthetic HODL™ portfolio by a total of 100 long-dated calls while maintaining BTC held in treasury relatively constant at 804.”</p></blockquote><h2 id=\"id_907362637\">Hive Blockchain (HIVE)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1ab9aafa313ccd3aabf45250c92914dc\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: Gaston Cerliani / Shutterstock.com</p><p><strong>Hive Blockchain</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>HIVE</strong>) announced impressive 2023 calendar year production totals from its global Bitcoin mining operations. The company mined 3,260 Bitcoin in 2023 while doubling its hashrate from 2 EH/s to 4 EH/s.</p><p>This hashrate expansion allowed Hive to maintain approximately 1% share of the total Bitcoin network, mining around 9 coins daily on average throughout the year. With Bitcoin’s daily block rewards averaging 900 and totaling 328,500 for 2023, Hive’s output equated to a market share right around 1%.</p><p>As more efficient mining machines compete for limited daily rewards, Bitcoin’s mining difficulty increased about 100% in 2023. But Hive expanded its hashrate enough to preserve its share. The company ended 2023 with around $17 million in cash and 1,704 Bitcoin held.</p><p>Hive aims to hold its full balance until April 2024’s halving cuts daily rewards in half to 450 Bitcoin. If the price remains elevated by then, I believe Hive can easily remain profitable.</p><p>The company also made major progress deploying new mining hardware. Its full order of 9,800 Bitmain S19k Pro miners shipped, with 70% installed before January 2024. Once fully deployed, Hive forecasts a hash rate of 4.8 EH/s at 28.7 J/TH efficiency.</p><h2 id=\"id_3290446368\">CleanSpark (CLSK)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d7991795a0688b69a54d0ee9eace42ac\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: Yev_1234 / Shutterstock</p><p>After pulling back recently, I think <strong>CleanSpark </strong>(NASDAQ:<strong>CLSK</strong>) stock retains significant upside potential. Last quarter, CleanSpark grew revenue by 100% year-over-year due to its expanding hash rate. The company posted $144 million in cash, also marking substantial growth. The company’s production of more than 720 Bitcoin last month also took its total holdings above 3,000 BTC.</p><p>The company recently announced a major agreement to purchase up to 160,000 Bitmain S21 miners, positioning the company for up to 50 EH/s in hashing capacity.</p><p>Under the terms, CleanSpark will initially receive 60,000 S21 units shipping from April to June 2024. The deal also includes a strategic call option to acquire 100,000 additional S21 miners at a fixed $16 per terahash through the end of 2024.</p><p>If fully exercised, this option would boost CleanSpark’s hashrate 400% from its current 10 EH/s to approximately 50 EH/s once all new machines are deployed. As one of North America’s largest publicly traded Bitcoin miners, this move positions CleanSpark well to capture significant growth during the next crypto bull cycle.</p><h2 id=\"id_2299779829\">Iris Energy (IREN)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/48f0831e807a2169de978857d7a09d8a\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p><strong>Iris Energy</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>IREN</strong>) recently published its December operational update, highlighting impressive Bitcoin mining production numbers. With 4,123 Bitcoin mined in 2023, the company averaged a 5,576 PH/s hashrate in December while mining 399 Bitcoin in that month alone.</p><p>December revenue reached $17.2 million, weighed down by electricity costs of $5.9 million. Importantly, Iris expanded self-mining capacity to 10 EH/s after acquiring 1.6 EH/s of new Bitmain T21 miners for $14/TH.</p><p>This 80 MW expansion at the company’s Childress, Texas facility will be delivered progressively from January 2024 onward. The added T21 units will also improve Iris’ overall fleet efficiency from 29.5 to 24.8 J/TH once installed.</p><p>The company’s 10 EH/s growth was fully funded through Iris’ targeted equity financing program. The company continues early works and procurement for the next 100 MW expansion at Childress, where an additional 500 MW is immediately available.</p><p>At the company’s Canal Flats, Mackenzie, and Prince George sites in Canada, Iris continued mining at capacity, leveraging 100% renewable energy. Construction also progressed at Childress, with new data center buildings on track for deployment from Q1 2024.</p><p>With its December Bitcoin production, Iris mined a total of 4,123 coins in 2023. The company begins 2024 well-positioned for further growth, with plans to scale beyond 10 EH/s in the second half of the year. If crypto market conditions improve as hoped, Iris could substantially boost future output at lower costs.</p><h2 id=\"id_4172384618\">Bit Digital (BTBT)</h2><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ed8eac803ba1d20e1eb02fa6a135d602\" tg-width=\"300\" tg-height=\"169\"/></p><p>Source: Artie Medvedev / Shutterstock.com</p><p>As a more under-the-radar crypto mining pick, <strong>Bit Digital</strong> (NASDAQ:<strong>BTBT</strong>) could surge from current levels near $3 a share if a bull market rally continues this year.</p><p>The company touts 99% carbon-free mining. It also runs over 44,000 miners, producing a 3.4 exahash rate at maximum capacity. To date, Bit Digital has earned 5,503 Bitcoins since its inception.</p><p>Bit Digital’s profitability is closely tied to the price of Bitcoin. However, if Bitcoin experiences a significant surge in value, some experts believe that previously-struggling companies in the industry, such as Bit Digital, could make a comeback by 2025.</p></body></html>","source":"investorplace_stock_picks","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Better Than BTC: 7 Crypto Stocks With the Potential to Outperform Bitcoin</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; 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}\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBetter Than BTC: 7 Crypto Stocks With the Potential to Outperform Bitcoin\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2024-01-14 09:36 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://investorplace.com/2024/01/better-than-btc-7-crypto-stocks-with-the-potential-to-outperform-bitcoin/><strong>InvestorPlace</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>Riot Platforms (RIOT): Boasts the lowest Bitcoin (BTC-USD) production costs among publicly-traded miners.Marathon Digital (MARA): Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.Bitfarms (...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://investorplace.com/2024/01/better-than-btc-7-crypto-stocks-with-the-potential-to-outperform-bitcoin/\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"PSQ":"纳指反向ETF","QLD":"纳指两倍做多ETF","BITO":"ProShares Bitcoin ETF",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","CLSK":"CleanSpark, Inc.","HODL":"VanEck Bitcoin Trust ETF","GBTC":"Grayscale Bitcoin Trust","SQQQ":"纳指三倍做空ETF","BITF":"Bitfarms Ltd.","FBTC":"Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund","QQQ":"纳指100ETF","IBIT":"iShares Bitcoin Trust","BTC":"Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust","BRRR":"Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund","DEFI":"Hashdex Bitcoin ETF","QID":"纳指两倍做空ETF","MARA":"MARA Holdings","BK4023":"应用软件","BTCO":"Invesco Galaxy Bitcoin ETF","RIOT":"Riot Platforms","TQQQ":"纳指三倍做多ETF","BTCW":"WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund","BTBT":"Bit Digital, Inc.","BK4585":"ETF&股票定投概念","BK4594":"比特币ETF概念","BITB":"Bitwise Bitcoin ETF","EZBC":"Franklin Bitcoin ETF","HIVE":"Hive Blockchain","IREN":"Iris Energy Ltd","ARKB":"ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF"},"source_url":"https://investorplace.com/2024/01/better-than-btc-7-crypto-stocks-with-the-potential-to-outperform-bitcoin/","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2403279232","content_text":"Riot Platforms (RIOT): Boasts the lowest Bitcoin (BTC-USD) production costs among publicly-traded miners.Marathon Digital (MARA): Has seen massive 467% Bitcoin mining output growth in 2023.Bitfarms (BITF): Continues expanding mining capacity and accumulating inventory ahead of the next major Bitcoin bull cycle.Continue reading for the complete list of the crypto stocks to buy!Source: biggunsband / Shutterstock.comThe crypto market is on fire this winter, with many cryptocurrencies seeing sharp rises as we start 2024 off strong. One of the biggest potential catalysts has been the SEC’s approval of 12 Bitcoin (BTC-USD) ETFs, finally giving the nod to these long-awaited investment vehicles. With the flood gates now opened, I expect to see many more Bitcoin ETFs launch this year, further propelling the leading cryptocurrency higher. In addition, Bitcoin’s next halving event is approaching in 2024, reducing the new supply of coins on the market. Historically, these halvings lead to a supply shock that drives the Bitcoin price higher. And cyclical assets like Bitcoin could get an additional boost with rate cuts potentially on the horizon in the first half of 2024.While I always recommend holding some Bitcoin directly, buying shares of crypto stocks related to Bitcoin is another way to capitalize on this momentum and potentially see even bigger gains. These crypto mining stocks tend to trade more speculatively and have greater volatility than Bitcoin, as evidenced by the recent tumble. But their returns during crypto bull runs can be incredible for those with a higher risk tolerance. Let’s take a look!Riot Platforms (RIOT)Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.comRiot Platforms (NASDAQ:RIOT) has very low production costs and a significant stash of BTC to benefit from future price spikes. If the crypto winter thaws more, RIOT stock has the potential to deliver much higher gains than Bitcoin itself. One of the reasons for this is that the company mines Bitcoin at a cost of only $5,537 per coin, which is the lowest among publicly-traded miners. Therefore, if the price of Bitcoin increases next year, Riot’s profit surge will be magnified due to the company’s operating leverage.Riot currently holds over 7,327 Bitcoin in its balance sheet, which makes it highly-sensitive to the token’s value. The upcoming 2024 “halving” event, which reduces mining rewards to create scarcity, could potentially trigger a surge in Bitcoin’s price. As far as pure-plays in crypto mining are concerned, Riot Platforms is my top choice for navigating market ups and downs. This Bitcoin miner has increased its production capacity and is well-positioned to benefit from future bull runs. In December, its monthly Bitcoin output rose by 12% to 619 coins.Riot Platforms aims to increase its hash rate even more. It has secured two major orders with MicroBT, one in June for over 33,000 next-gen miners and another for an additional 66,560 miners this month. The company is targeting over 100 EH/s in total.Apart from benefiting from rising Bitcoin prices, Riot can also capture more mining market share. Despite Bitcoin sitting 29% below its record highs, Riot’s cost to produce a single Bitcoin is approximately $5,500. With Bitcoin currently trading near $46,000, this miner’s margins seem sustainable even if prices correct. However, if bullish momentum takes hold, Riot’s profit potential could be massive.Marathon Digital (MARA)Source: rafapress / Shutterstock.comMarathon Digital (NASDAQ:MARA) is another company that mines cryptocurrencies and is well-positioned to benefit from Bitcoin’s long-term growth. Although Marathon’s cost to produce each Bitcoin is higher than that of Riot, its recent growth cannot be ignored. In Q3 of 2023, Marathon mined 3,490 Bitcoins, a 467% year-over-year increase compared to the 616 coins mined the previous year, resulting in a net income of $64 million from Bitcoin revenue. The company then produced 1,853 BTC in December alone.Despite the company’s higher mining costs, Marathon remains profitable, especially at Bitcoin’s current price level. Notably, this profitability is expected to continue in 2024. Additionally, with Marathon expanding its network hash rate, it is well-positioned to benefit from the growth of crypto mining overall.Bitfarms (BITF)Source: PHOTOCREO Michal Bednarek / Shutterstock.comWith Bitcoin surging recently amid several near-term catalysts, I’ve become increasingly bullish on Bitfarms (NASDAQ:BITF). However This stock could take a breather soon as it has appreciated a lot.Still, I think the Canadian Bitcoin miner is not a bad buy below $3 per share. Bitfarms earned 446 BTC in December 2023 and 4,928 BTC for all of 2023. The company’s hashrate also grew by 44% year-over-year, which exceeded guidance.Going forward, the company hopes to achieve achieve 12 EH/s and 25 w/TH fleet efficiency in Q2 2024. Jeff Lucas, CFO of Bitfarms, said,“In 2024, we are building on our financial foundation with a continued focus on effectively utilizing cash flow from operations in our capital efficient growth plan for farm expansion and fleet-wide upgrades. Throughout 2023, we maintained a strong balance sheet during the fourth quarter, and we increased total liquidity by $52 million to $118 million, ending the year with $84 million in cash, $34 million in BTC in treasury, and only $4 million in debt. Furthermore, in December, we increased our overall BTC exposure by expanding our Synthetic HODL™ portfolio by a total of 100 long-dated calls while maintaining BTC held in treasury relatively constant at 804.”Hive Blockchain (HIVE)Source: Gaston Cerliani / Shutterstock.comHive Blockchain (NASDAQ:HIVE) announced impressive 2023 calendar year production totals from its global Bitcoin mining operations. The company mined 3,260 Bitcoin in 2023 while doubling its hashrate from 2 EH/s to 4 EH/s.This hashrate expansion allowed Hive to maintain approximately 1% share of the total Bitcoin network, mining around 9 coins daily on average throughout the year. With Bitcoin’s daily block rewards averaging 900 and totaling 328,500 for 2023, Hive’s output equated to a market share right around 1%.As more efficient mining machines compete for limited daily rewards, Bitcoin’s mining difficulty increased about 100% in 2023. But Hive expanded its hashrate enough to preserve its share. The company ended 2023 with around $17 million in cash and 1,704 Bitcoin held.Hive aims to hold its full balance until April 2024’s halving cuts daily rewards in half to 450 Bitcoin. If the price remains elevated by then, I believe Hive can easily remain profitable.The company also made major progress deploying new mining hardware. Its full order of 9,800 Bitmain S19k Pro miners shipped, with 70% installed before January 2024. Once fully deployed, Hive forecasts a hash rate of 4.8 EH/s at 28.7 J/TH efficiency.CleanSpark (CLSK)Source: Yev_1234 / ShutterstockAfter pulling back recently, I think CleanSpark (NASDAQ:CLSK) stock retains significant upside potential. Last quarter, CleanSpark grew revenue by 100% year-over-year due to its expanding hash rate. The company posted $144 million in cash, also marking substantial growth. The company’s production of more than 720 Bitcoin last month also took its total holdings above 3,000 BTC.The company recently announced a major agreement to purchase up to 160,000 Bitmain S21 miners, positioning the company for up to 50 EH/s in hashing capacity.Under the terms, CleanSpark will initially receive 60,000 S21 units shipping from April to June 2024. The deal also includes a strategic call option to acquire 100,000 additional S21 miners at a fixed $16 per terahash through the end of 2024.If fully exercised, this option would boost CleanSpark’s hashrate 400% from its current 10 EH/s to approximately 50 EH/s once all new machines are deployed. As one of North America’s largest publicly traded Bitcoin miners, this move positions CleanSpark well to capture significant growth during the next crypto bull cycle.Iris Energy (IREN)Iris Energy (NASDAQ:IREN) recently published its December operational update, highlighting impressive Bitcoin mining production numbers. With 4,123 Bitcoin mined in 2023, the company averaged a 5,576 PH/s hashrate in December while mining 399 Bitcoin in that month alone.December revenue reached $17.2 million, weighed down by electricity costs of $5.9 million. Importantly, Iris expanded self-mining capacity to 10 EH/s after acquiring 1.6 EH/s of new Bitmain T21 miners for $14/TH.This 80 MW expansion at the company’s Childress, Texas facility will be delivered progressively from January 2024 onward. The added T21 units will also improve Iris’ overall fleet efficiency from 29.5 to 24.8 J/TH once installed.The company’s 10 EH/s growth was fully funded through Iris’ targeted equity financing program. The company continues early works and procurement for the next 100 MW expansion at Childress, where an additional 500 MW is immediately available.At the company’s Canal Flats, Mackenzie, and Prince George sites in Canada, Iris continued mining at capacity, leveraging 100% renewable energy. Construction also progressed at Childress, with new data center buildings on track for deployment from Q1 2024.With its December Bitcoin production, Iris mined a total of 4,123 coins in 2023. The company begins 2024 well-positioned for further growth, with plans to scale beyond 10 EH/s in the second half of the year. If crypto market conditions improve as hoped, Iris could substantially boost future output at lower costs.Bit Digital (BTBT)Source: Artie Medvedev / Shutterstock.comAs a more under-the-radar crypto mining pick, Bit Digital (NASDAQ:BTBT) could surge from current levels near $3 a share if a bull market rally continues this year.The company touts 99% carbon-free mining. It also runs over 44,000 miners, producing a 3.4 exahash rate at maximum capacity. To date, Bit Digital has earned 5,503 Bitcoins since its inception.Bit Digital’s profitability is closely tied to the price of Bitcoin. However, if Bitcoin experiences a significant surge in value, some experts believe that previously-struggling companies in the industry, such as Bit Digital, could make a comeback by 2025.","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":534,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":386697469,"gmtCreate":1613167487451,"gmtModify":1613167487451,"author":{"id":"3468372725449802","authorId":"3468372725449802","name":"lonson","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0db7aec776040a893db01217e7312082","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3468372725449802","authorIdStr":"3468372725449802"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/386697469","repostId":"334234546","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":334234546,"gmtCreate":1610791448781,"gmtModify":1703746925191,"author":{"id":"3478213283465426","authorId":"3478213283465426","name":"美股投资网","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a1bfd2cf1aa240d7058795c83d419510","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3478213283465426","authorIdStr":"3478213283465426"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"\n \n \n  【前纽约证交所分析师频道】提前预测ARK基金ARKX的投资组合，四只太空概念股NPA SRAC SPCE MAXR 哪只更受女神青睐？\n \n","listText":"【前纽约证交所分析师频道】提前预测ARK基金ARKX的投资组合，四只太空概念股NPA SRAC SPCE MAXR 哪只更受女神青睐？","text":"【前纽约证交所分析师频道】提前预测ARK基金ARKX的投资组合，四只太空概念股NPA SRAC SPCE MAXR 哪只更受女神青睐？","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f01cc046ac11dc34fb458f9496359ee4","width":"0","height":"0"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":2,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/334234546","isVote":1,"tweetType":2,"object":{"id":"f723f8722c8c454faf8f1adaa702dbe4","tweetId":"334234546","title":"美股分析 | ARK 基金公布太空探索ETF，两只太空SPAC和两只上市太空股为你深度分析，哪只值得提前布局？","videoUrl":"http://v.tigerbbs.com/16107914457199f93f9a2dd82e265ce13803306e0b23b.mp4","poster":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f01cc046ac11dc34fb458f9496359ee4","shareLink":"http://v.tigerbbs.com/16107914457199f93f9a2dd82e265ce13803306e0b23b.mp4"},"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1178,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":310487507,"gmtCreate":1611352710209,"gmtModify":1703750147929,"author":{"id":"3468372725449802","authorId":"3468372725449802","name":"lonson","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0db7aec776040a893db01217e7312082","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3468372725449802","authorIdStr":"3468372725449802"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/310487507","repostId":"337759336","repostType":1,"repost":{"id":337759336,"gmtCreate":1611214835921,"gmtModify":1703748834786,"author":{"id":"36989258284800","authorId":"36989258284800","name":"小虎老师","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/6e9d88ae16a2b401169a727cf1457404","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"36989258284800","authorIdStr":"36989258284800"},"themes":[],"title":"【干货】港股打新，你不能错过的知识点！","htmlText":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集，全是干货，建议收藏后阅读，也建议各位动动小手把它分享给需要了解的朋友。 什么是打新？ 公司上市又称为首次公开发行（IPO），是指一家公司设定一个发行价格区间首次向公众发行股票进行融资。“打新”即指投资者参与认购首次公开招股，有机会以最终确定的发行价在上市当天买入股票。 公司拟于香港主板上市，需向香港联交所提交申请，由联交所统一审批并发布，分为国际配售和公开发售两部分。国际配售是直接卖给专业投资者（一般为机构投资者或者大额个人投资者）的部分，包括基石投资和锚定投资。其中，基石投资者获得的配售股票具有半年的锁定期。上市条例规定一般情况下国际配售占到整个发行量的90%以上。剩下的为公开发售，也就是个人投资者参与打新的部分。另设回拨机制，根据公开发售超购倍数扩大公开发售部分的比例，公开发售最多可以占整个发行量的50%，以保证个人投资者有足够的机会参与。 港股打新与A股打新的区别有哪些？ 要想在港股市场认购新股，首先必须要有港股的证券账户，但并不要求有持仓，只需要在互联网券商公司如老虎证券开户入金就可以参与了。而A股打新则需要现持有一定市值的股票才可操作，沪港通还没有开通打新的业务。其次，港股与A股的上市制度也有所不同，港股采用了注册制，相比A股的审批制相对较为宽松，也没有市盈率的要求，因此企业赴港上市的节奏也会稍快。此外，A股打新就是另一种形式的“买彩票”而港股的中签率则要大于A股。新股发行之前，如果认购的人比较多，将通过抽签决定股票的分配。其中一个重要的概念是一手中签率，即只申购一手的情况下，中签一手的概率。A股普遍中签率在0.03%左右，但港股实施的是优先保证一户一签的分配政策，尽量每个申购者和散户都能抽到一手，剩余股票再根据递减原则进行分配的公平分配机制，但大热的新股由于引来太多投资者参与，会导致中签率降低，可以从香港联交所信息披露网站查询具体分配情","listText":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集，全是干货，建议收藏后阅读，也建议各位动动小手把它分享给需要了解的朋友。 什么是打新？ 公司上市又称为首次公开发行（IPO），是指一家公司设定一个发行价格区间首次向公众发行股票进行融资。“打新”即指投资者参与认购首次公开招股，有机会以最终确定的发行价在上市当天买入股票。 公司拟于香港主板上市，需向香港联交所提交申请，由联交所统一审批并发布，分为国际配售和公开发售两部分。国际配售是直接卖给专业投资者（一般为机构投资者或者大额个人投资者）的部分，包括基石投资和锚定投资。其中，基石投资者获得的配售股票具有半年的锁定期。上市条例规定一般情况下国际配售占到整个发行量的90%以上。剩下的为公开发售，也就是个人投资者参与打新的部分。另设回拨机制，根据公开发售超购倍数扩大公开发售部分的比例，公开发售最多可以占整个发行量的50%，以保证个人投资者有足够的机会参与。 港股打新与A股打新的区别有哪些？ 要想在港股市场认购新股，首先必须要有港股的证券账户，但并不要求有持仓，只需要在互联网券商公司如老虎证券开户入金就可以参与了。而A股打新则需要现持有一定市值的股票才可操作，沪港通还没有开通打新的业务。其次，港股与A股的上市制度也有所不同，港股采用了注册制，相比A股的审批制相对较为宽松，也没有市盈率的要求，因此企业赴港上市的节奏也会稍快。此外，A股打新就是另一种形式的“买彩票”而港股的中签率则要大于A股。新股发行之前，如果认购的人比较多，将通过抽签决定股票的分配。其中一个重要的概念是一手中签率，即只申购一手的情况下，中签一手的概率。A股普遍中签率在0.03%左右，但港股实施的是优先保证一户一签的分配政策，尽量每个申购者和散户都能抽到一手，剩余股票再根据递减原则进行分配的公平分配机制，但大热的新股由于引来太多投资者参与，会导致中签率降低，可以从香港联交所信息披露网站查询具体分配情","text":"本文是港股打新介绍的合集，全是干货，建议收藏后阅读，也建议各位动动小手把它分享给需要了解的朋友。 什么是打新？ 公司上市又称为首次公开发行（IPO），是指一家公司设定一个发行价格区间首次向公众发行股票进行融资。“打新”即指投资者参与认购首次公开招股，有机会以最终确定的发行价在上市当天买入股票。 公司拟于香港主板上市，需向香港联交所提交申请，由联交所统一审批并发布，分为国际配售和公开发售两部分。国际配售是直接卖给专业投资者（一般为机构投资者或者大额个人投资者）的部分，包括基石投资和锚定投资。其中，基石投资者获得的配售股票具有半年的锁定期。上市条例规定一般情况下国际配售占到整个发行量的90%以上。剩下的为公开发售，也就是个人投资者参与打新的部分。另设回拨机制，根据公开发售超购倍数扩大公开发售部分的比例，公开发售最多可以占整个发行量的50%，以保证个人投资者有足够的机会参与。 港股打新与A股打新的区别有哪些？ 要想在港股市场认购新股，首先必须要有港股的证券账户，但并不要求有持仓，只需要在互联网券商公司如老虎证券开户入金就可以参与了。而A股打新则需要现持有一定市值的股票才可操作，沪港通还没有开通打新的业务。其次，港股与A股的上市制度也有所不同，港股采用了注册制，相比A股的审批制相对较为宽松，也没有市盈率的要求，因此企业赴港上市的节奏也会稍快。此外，A股打新就是另一种形式的“买彩票”而港股的中签率则要大于A股。新股发行之前，如果认购的人比较多，将通过抽签决定股票的分配。其中一个重要的概念是一手中签率，即只申购一手的情况下，中签一手的概率。A股普遍中签率在0.03%左右，但港股实施的是优先保证一户一签的分配政策，尽量每个申购者和散户都能抽到一手，剩余股票再根据递减原则进行分配的公平分配机制，但大热的新股由于引来太多投资者参与，会导致中签率降低，可以从香港联交所信息披露网站查询具体分配情","images":[{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/89ec5d0749c3caff90191eb5ca911454","width":"300","height":"300"},{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0f3f6e911825ab005fd4004494f96890","width":"1042","height":"958"},{"img":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f7eba5df0560f722b732dac5d12fabc2","width":"750","height":"1334"}],"top":1,"highlighted":2,"essential":2,"paper":2,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/337759336","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":0,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":9,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1479,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}