跳跳跳在跳的个人主页 - 老虎社区

跳跳跳在跳

有些门打开了，就有了

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跳跳跳在跳

2020-01-29

$道琼斯(.DJI)$ 美国道琼斯增长乏力了

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2019-12-06

这篇文章不错，转发给大家看

“内贼”作乱：方正帝国衰亡史

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2019-04-16

$老虎证券(TIGR)$你太幸运了

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2019-04-09

$爱奇艺(IQ)$这家公司很有潜力，我几乎天天用它看电视剧电影，很有特色，创新能力很强，给力

跳跳跳在跳

2019-04-09

$切萨皮克能源(CHK)$月线打开就知道了，暴涨只是时间问题

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2019-04-09

$切萨皮克能源(CHK)$最起码10元

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2019-03-27

$Axsome Therapeutics, Inc.(AXSM)做空他

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2019-03-26

$Axsome Therapeutics, Inc.(AXSM)$从1.9涨到16.5一夜就有可能暴跌50%

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2019-03-26

$Axsome Therapeutics, Inc.(AXSM)$你以为他是亚马逊阿里巴巴吗

跳跳跳在跳

2019-03-26

$Axsome Therapeutics, Inc.(AXSM)$此票不跌，天理不容

跳跳跳在跳

2019-03-26

此票不跌，天理不容

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2019-03-25

$第九城市(NCTY)$没有获利盘了

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2019-03-25

$第九城市(NCTY)$我买100股参与一下

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2019-03-23

$京东(JD)$过了今晚大家就会知道，京东的真正实力，股价远飞值目前28这个价位

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2019-03-23

$京东(JD)$力挺京东

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2019-02-22

$阿里巴巴(BABA)$下一个亚马逊，股价上千元没问题

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2019-01-31

$拼多多(PDD)$拼多多能赶得上京东吗？京东不过24，它凭什么，很大可能暴跌

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2019-01-31

$Check Cap Ltd(CHEK)$追涨又被套了

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2019-01-30

$Check Cap Ltd(CHEK)$这票有鬼，美股都靠机构活着，赶紧做多这票，大涨在即

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2019-01-17

$西格内特珠宝(SIG)$三天之内到20

去老虎APP查看更多动态

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href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/.DJI\">$道琼斯(.DJI)$</a>&nbsp;美国道琼斯增长乏力了","listText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/.DJI\">$道琼斯(.DJI)$</a>&nbsp;美国道琼斯增长乏力了","text":"$道琼斯(.DJI)$ 美国道琼斯增长乏力了","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/912241281","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1194,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":910364124,"gmtCreate":1575605707368,"gmtModify":1704729779545,"author":{"id":"292432541645244","authorId":"292432541645244","name":"跳跳跳在跳","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false},"themes":[],"htmlText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看","listText":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看","text":"这篇文章不错，转发给大家看","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/910364124","repostId":"1132414789","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1132414789","pubTimestamp":1575644416,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1132414789?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2019-12-06 23:00","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"“内贼”作乱：方正帝国衰亡史","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1132414789","media":"先机财经","summary":"千亿规模的方正集团目前陷入债务危机，直接引发大股东变换的不确定性。此时回顾先机财经的这篇旧文，可以品味一下因果。\n\n若不是有内贼，方正集团不会被逼到如今这般田地。\n北京市海淀区东北旺南路甲29号，全称","content":"<blockquote>\n <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ff9abe6149f08d647a0671aa566c1072\">\n <b><span>千亿规模的方正集团目前陷入债务危机，直接引发大股东变换的不确定性。此时回顾先机财经的这篇旧文，可以品味一下因果。</span></b>\n</blockquote>\n<p><b>若不是有内贼，方正集团不会被逼到如今这般田地</b><span>。</span></p>\n<p><span>北京市海淀区东北旺南路甲29号，全称叫“上地办公中心”，这里是海淀区行政服务中心的所在地，旁边就是上地派出所。</span></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ac08d64ab66aa3222468843926e8012c\"><span>一年半前的2017年12月11日，上地办公中心二楼，海淀工商局的办证柜台前，众目睽睽之下，发生了一场武斗。</span></p>\n<p><span>一方是“余丽、冯志丹、李立民、闫飞龙及其雇用人员”；另一方，只有一个人——北大方正集团员工李某。</span></p>\n<p><span>没有带帮手、没有保安出面制止、没有围观群众来帮忙，结果没悬念——方正员工李某手中的所有材料全被对方抢走。李某去隔壁的上地派出所报警，与事无补。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/cf8da37098f6db53fedfe591d7f6e715\"><span>办事时间、地点、人员被对方掌握得一清二楚，方正集团人都没多带两个。</span><b><span>我说，方正没有内贼，你信不信？</span></b></p>\n<p><span>被抢走的，是关系到方正集团半条命的文件。</span></p>\n<p><span>因为这场抢夺，从2017年12月11日直到如今，方正集团焦头烂额。而余丽们的命运发生转变，反客为主。</span></p>\n<p><span><b>&nbsp;同学，不好</b></span></p>\n<p><span>余丽的前一份工作是：方正集团董事、执行总裁兼CFO、方正东亚信托董事长、方正集团财务公司董事长、A股上市公司<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/600730\">中国高科</a>董事长、香港上市公司<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00618\">北大资源</a>和方正数码的董事局主席、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/601901\">方正证券</a>董事。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3c63e5c2a38e09e444942d78b1c7277e\"><span>余丽有一个同学叫李友，两人均毕业于郑州航空工业管理学院会计系。</span></p>\n<p><span>李友的前一份工作是方正集团董事、首席执行官。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4b6be1c9ea8eac2828973d6d070a2f7d\"><span>李友曾经带了一波郑州航院同学入驻方正集团， 2015年初，大家一起失业。</span></p>\n<p><span>2016年11月25日，大连中级法院宣判方正集团李友窝案：</span></p>\n<p><span>认定李友犯内幕交易罪、妨碍公务罪和隐匿会计凭证、会计账簿、财务报告罪，数罪并罚、决定执行有期徒刑四年六个月，并处罚金人民币7.502亿元。</span></p>\n<p><span>认定余丽犯隐匿会计凭证、会计账簿、财务会计报告罪，罚款人民币15万元，当庭释放。</span></p>\n<p><span>半年后的2017年5月5日，证监会追加处罚：</span></p>\n<p><span>中国高科信披违法案：余丽被处以30万元顶格罚款。</span></p>\n<p><span>方正证券信披违法、关联交易案：李友被罚30万元，余丽被罚10万元。</span></p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/600601\">方正科技</a>信披违法案：李友被罚30万元；</span></p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000788\">北大医药</a>信披违法案：余丽被罚30万元。</span></p>\n<p><span>另外：证监会认定：“李友组织、策划、领导或者实施了上述多项信息披露违法行为，承担主要责任，其行为性质特别恶劣，违法情节特别严重。”处以李友终身证券市场禁入。余丽10年证券市场禁入。</span></p>\n<p><span>风吹鸡蛋壳，财去人安乐。</span></p>\n<p><span>李友纵横证券市场20载，被罚掉的7.502亿加60万，和余丽的85万，只是几个人生小目标。他们还有近200个亿，在方正集团。</span></p>\n<p><b><span>&nbsp;气功大师</span></b></p>\n<p><span>那是一个波澜壮阔的大时代。</span></p>\n<p><span>1986年，重庆人李友和河南人余丽从郑州航院的会计系毕业。他们的运气很好，毕业前两年，郑州航院刚升格为本科，这样的学历，在那个年代份属难得。</span></p>\n<p><span>李友毕业后一开始是在河南审计厅，余丽在河南省计划经济委员会（后来的发改委）。几年之后，两人再度交汇到一起。</span></p>\n<p><span>80年代末的李友，一直有奋起改变命运的决心，在审计厅工作之余，卖过烤串、炒过股，但生活没有太大改观。</span></p>\n<p><span>直至遇上他生命中的第一个贵人和金主——张海。</span></p>\n<p><span>李友大学毕业时，张海还在读初中。他没考上高中，后来另辟一蹊径，去河南大学读了一个收费的武术专修班，还是没拿到毕业证。</span></p>\n<p><span>但是，弄潮儿的天马行空，一般人理解不了。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/df6a7924be777186180cce66423b0f67\"><span>上世纪90年代末，气功热就像当今的P2P、区块链一样席卷神州大地。在武术班进修的张海一不留神进了这个圈子，结识了藏密气功师王某，并经王某介绍，认识了藏传佛教大师某活佛。</span></p>\n<p><span>1992年，张海以某活佛的弟子身份在各地广开藏密气功中心，收徒授法。“有毒瘾的人喝了藏密瑜伽发了功的信息水后，可以减轻他戒毒的副作用，藏密瑜伽对艾滋病的一些科研项目也取得了一定的效应。”</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/63badb9dd2f50d91d8ec8c888f30283f\"><span>短短几年，张海有30万信徒，收取“带功报告费用”数千万元。</span><b><span>1995年左右的几千万，相当于现在的十个亿。</span></b><span>这种体量的资金，足以在当初刚起步的股市呼风唤雨。</span></p>\n<p><span>李友未必是张海的信徒，但他是张海最需要的人。张海高中文凭都没有，只有钱；李友没有钱，但是有财务技术和资本圈的人脉。</span></p>\n<p><span>1996年11月，张海与已从河南审计厅离职的李友合作创立了河南心智实业，第二年，又发起成立河南菩提泉农业发展有限公司。</span></p>\n<p><span>从名称上看，“心智”、“菩提泉”都带有张海的气功、藏密意境。但李友的郑航系同学冯七评、余丽、冉茂平陆续加入进来。</span></p>\n<p><span>2000年左右，李友与张海在深圳改组凯地投资公司、收购东方时代公司，进而入主上市公司中国高科，并先后操盘方正科技、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/600069\">银鸽投资</a>、飞亚达、中科健、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000038\">深大通</a>、浙江国投，成为资本市场名震一时的“凯地系”。</span></p>\n<p><span>早年，市场上曾流传过一份张海的“十虎将”名单，李友和郑航院同学余丽、方中华、冯七评占了其中四席。</span></p>\n<p><span>李友，除了在凯地系核心公司任职之外，于2000年担任中国高科总裁。</span></p>\n<p><span>余丽在2000年起，担任河南心智的法人后，又于2001年担任凯地系控制的上市公司银鸽投资副总裁。</span></p>\n<p><span>随着“凯地系”的资本版图扩张，原来的金主张海逐渐边缘化。</span></p>\n<p><b><span>魏老师炒股</span></b></p>\n<p><span>2001年到2005年，是一轮四年多的大熊市。</span></p>\n<p><span>没有股权分置改革，上市公司盈利能力差，市场成交极不活跃，股价跳水，很多“资本系”无法套现，全靠外部资金拆结和挪用上市公司资金，苟延残喘，一不留神资金链断裂、身败名裂，操盘手入狱了事，比如“德隆系”。</span></p>\n<p><span>“凯地系”别看牛气哄哄，同样资金链紧崩，暗雷涌动，控制的上市公司营收利润水平都极有限，李友一直在寻找出路。这时，他遇到了事业上的第二个贵人——魏新。</span></p>\n<p><span>魏新，河南周口人，比李友大十岁左右，本科毕业于北京钢铁学院（后改名北京科技大学），很努力的攻下了北京大学的教育学硕士和管理学博士。1992年起任教北大；后任北京大学教育学院常务副院长。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7c58b35260c5f55fc9e045dbe9c59e52\"><span>1999年，长期在北大教育口工作的魏新，突然进入方正集团。</span></p>\n<p><span>方正集团成立于1992年。有方正激光照排系统的垄断利润加持和个人电脑市场春天的到来，方正集团的发展并不比联想差。</span></p>\n<p><span>到1999年，方正集团已拥有三家上市公司，A股的方正科技（电脑）和香港的<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00418\">方正控股</a>（电子排版）、方正数码（电子商务）。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7015bdb503c91bdd6bc5c89e90a700a2\"><span>联想只有柳传志一个核心，而方正创业以来，一直有两个核心人物：技术核心王选院士和经营核心张玉峰，集团内部技术派和经营派长期斗得不可开交。</span></p>\n<p><span>最终两败俱伤，渔翁得利。1999年11月，方正集团宣布调整人事，原董事长张玉峰和方正研究院院长王选均从集团董事会离任。北京大学副校长出任集团董事长。魏新作为新董事长的助理，协助处理方正集团事务，并于2001年6月正式成为方正集团副董事长。</span></p>\n<p><span>1999年到2000年，</span><b><span>方正集团在方正科技搞了一系列神经操作</span></b><span>。</span></p>\n<p><span>1998年5月，北大系四家公司举牌延中实业（600601），共计持有股权5.077%，并改组了董事会（原大股东宝安默许，拱手让权）、将公司改名为方正科技。</span></p>\n<p><span>方正集团把正在迅猛增长的PC机、显示器、服务器、笔记本电脑业务以现金对价注入了方正科技，使得方正科技营收和净利润两年之间增长10倍。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c0261c8c8d94b226649717daa3cbf989\"><b><span>神经的是，</span></b><span>北大方面没有提高股权比例，看到股价暴涨，甚至还减持套现了几十万股。1999年底，方正系列公司持有方正科技股份缩水为4.55%；2000年底，缩减为4.36%。</span></p>\n<p><span>简单说，2000年底的时候，方正科技营收是26.98亿元，净利润1.24亿元，总资产13.08亿元。而总股本1.86亿股中，方正集团和关联公司合计只剩下814万股，占4.36%。</span></p>\n<p><span>现金流超高，大股东持股不到5%的金娃娃，足以勾起很多人的想法。</span></p>\n<p><span>当时方正科技的关键人物祝剑秋，跟随张玉峰一起从经营口起家，做到了方正科技董事长和方正集团副总裁。因为方正的电脑在他手中做到了全国第二、亚太十强，实力派大佬祝剑秋，并不买魏新的账。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2a61c469db5ae6f4baa8895cceb62baa\"><span>2001年初，北大方面还在搞边换仓边减持的神经操作，长虹两家关联公司持股方正科技突然达到2.91%，当时有风声称，长虹方面正是受祝剑秋引导。</span></p>\n<p><span>魏新一下子懵了，当了十几年老师的他，怎么也没想到资本市场是这样玩的。长虹再增持下去，方正集团的控制权不保、魏新在方正集团的位置也会受冲击。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f6483b7b121f41f8441490beb5434ee8\"><span>2001年4月，魏新在郑州的中州宾馆遇到了李友，两人彻夜深谈，一拍即合。</span></p>\n<p><span>2001年5月12日，方正科技被北京裕兴、深圳凯地等六家公司联合举牌。过了两天，方正集团提交给方正科技一份增补董事候选人名单，其中有两个人选：</span></p>\n<p><span>张海，东方时代董事长；李友，东方时代董事。两人均为北京方正实业开发有限公司董事。而6家举牌公司中的深圳凯地，是东方时代控股股东。名单是方正集团给出来的，很明显，裕兴、凯地跟方正集团联了手。</span></p>\n<p><span>祝剑秋不服，最终被踢出局。长虹还想硬扛，但马上公司领导换了人。尘埃落定。</span></p>\n<p><span>方正集团方面后来陆续增持方正科技，合计持股占到总股本的11.91%，拿稳了控制权。而裕兴系6公司举牌持有的股份逐渐退出。留在方正的，只剩下李友和他的郑航同学们。</span></p>\n<p><span>2001年10月，魏新正式出任方正集团董事长。在此前后，李友先进入方正科技任总裁、后进入方正集团担任首席执行官。</span></p>\n<p><b><span>最好的时光</span></b></p>\n<p><span>李友进入方正系，是他与张海分道扬飚的开始。</span></p>\n<p><span>从结果上看，这次分手，等于是张海一个人从凯地系出局，李友带着凯地系的核心团队打包加入了方正集团。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/fc72fafbc415e6a9bcc035ea26dc0d78\"><span>方正集团有每年几十亿的现金流，李友带来了几个壳。</span></p>\n<p><span>2001年11月，方正集团入股当初由李友和张海发起的河南心智，后者改名为河南方正信息。河南方正有了资金注入，也买了不少方正科技股票，帮方正集团坐稳大股东。</span></p>\n<p><span>2002年8月，方正集团宣布入主浙江证券。2001年12月，证监会对浙江国投旗下的浙江证券处以罚款5.03亿元，而浙江证券注册资本只有4.5亿元。浙江证券的原大股东浙江国投，是李友和张海的重要合作伙伴。在方正集团的资金和资源加持下，濒临倒闭的浙江证券改名为方正证券，破茧成蝶。</span></p>\n<p><span>中国高科，在2003年从东方时代转到李友团队的深圳康隆手中，标志着李友团队与张海正式分家。此后，中国高科长期与方正科技互相担保，尽管主营业务起起伏伏，但是资金链稳住了。这个壳，一直是李友团队的保底家当。2011年，深圳康隆将中国高科的股权卖给方正集团，一倒手，赚了几个亿。</span></p>\n<p><span>离开了李友的张海，如同折去了翅膀的小鸟，马上开始自由落体。</span></p>\n<p><span>2002年初，张海以浙江国投某副总为中介，出资3.38亿元收购广东健力宝。张海在此前后还出手华意压缩和西北化工，他玩的还是2000年以前的坐庄套路，想重新组一个“系”。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1da4afc9419804799ee0b2a009383a2d\"><span>两年之后，张海被人举报、入狱，原因是：“张海为支付其购买广东健力宝集团购股款所欠债务，先后侵占健力宝集团资金1.207亿元，挪用资金8645万元。”</span></p>\n<p><span>这等于说，张海已经没多少钱了，收购健力宝的钱，大部分都是借的。</span></p>\n<p><span>张海被关了6年。行贿、立功、减刑、出狱、逃往国外，另是一段魔幻故事。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4b5a7f306dff792e7d660ee466ab114b\"><span>气功大师在广东坐牢的那几年，李友和余丽在北京风生水起。</span></p>\n<p><span>2003年前后，资本市场哀鸿一片，但方正集团有钱，</span><b><span>那是属于李友们的最好时代</span></b><span>，他们将逆周期并购玩到了极致。</span></p>\n<p><span>那几年方正集团出2亿收购浙江证券、出3亿收购西南合成、注资6亿重组泰阳证券、收购苏钢、武汉正信，一路攻城略地。</span></p>\n<p><span>等到2005年牛市起来，市场流动性充裕，方正证券逐渐扭亏为盈，并在2011年上市、募资百亿，整盘棋都活了。</span></p>\n<p><span>2000年末，方正集团的净资产是13亿元；2001年为15亿元；2002年为20亿元；2003年末，净资产达到40亿元。</span></p>\n<p><span>但是，在2002年底20亿净资产的基础上，2003年中，方正集团搞了一次评估，以2003年3月31日为基准，整个集团净资产评估价值突然被打到1.5亿元。以这个数字为基础，李友们入股成了方正集团的股东。到年底，方正集团净资产突然又拉高到40亿元。</span></p>\n<p><span>2004年的那场改制，李友们以方正集团净资产只有1.5亿的评估价为基准，通过一家</span><span><b>北京招润投资管理公司</b></span><span>出资4480万元，拿下方正集团30%股权。此笔股权，在2003年底，对应的净资产已经是12亿元以上。方正集团另外35%的股权，被以暗箱协议转让给了李友们的关联公司，但明面上，长期由北大方面代持。</span></p>\n<p><span>这个过程中，</span><b><span>我说方正集团没有内贼，你信不信</span></b><span>？</span></p>\n<p><b><span>翻船</span></b></p>\n<p><span>从2001年到2015年，李友团队与魏新在方正集团稳坐了十四年。</span></p>\n<p><span>北京招润公司，虽然是持有方正集团30%股权的股东，但其证照一直放在方正集团，由方正集团保管章程和办理工商税务事务。</span></p>\n<p><span>温水煮青蛙，没人想过去改变现状。</span></p>\n<p><span>2014年左右，年近50的李友已经在谈着准备退休回家抱孙子。</span></p>\n<p><span>一场震动资本市场的大火拼改变了一切，这背后有个已经逃往美国的关键人物，没法多说。当事双方均以为胜券在握，没想到一起鸡飞蛋打。</span></p>\n<p><span>2015年1月5日，李友与魏新、余丽突然被有关部门带走调查，方正集团董事会当天由北大方面派出的团队接管。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ce3f22fd6438df8c4dfcc9399db3fe23\"><span>李友们被调查了两年，但是，招润公司的证照没带走，方正集团没做任何处理。</span></p>\n<p><span>两年后的2016年11月，李友被判罚款7.502亿和入狱四年半，旋即因肝癌保外就医。余丽被罚15万元的同时，未获得刑期。</span></p>\n<p><span>但是，郑州航院毕业的同学们，已经从方正集团出局了。</span></p>\n<p><span>李友在生死线上挣扎，剩下的事只能由余丽来出头。</span></p>\n<p><span>按《经济观察报》最近的报道，直到：“2017年上半年，中央第十三巡视组在巡视北京大学后反馈的巡视意见中就指出：北京大学的“校办企业涉嫌巨额国有资产流失，方正集团等校办企业被个别原高管通过各种方式巧取豪夺，侵吞巨额国有资产”。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/25d38d4f3150fd57ab3aa3075e5810ed\"></p>\n<p><span>2017年9月，国家审计署对北京大学出具的审计意见提出：方正集团改制涉嫌审计报告造假和资产低评等问题，要求北京大学应认真自查校办企业改制和股权转让中存在的违反程序、低评净资产、‘自买自卖’等重大违法违规问题，及时挽回学校损失，切实维护国有利益。</span></p>\n<p><span>有中央巡视组和国家审计署的定性和催促，方正集团方面又拖了两个多月，才开始处理招润的事项。</span></p>\n<p><span>2017年12月11日，方正集团员工李某，带着招润公司的公章、营业执照（正副本）、组织机构代码证，来到了海淀工商局在上地办公中心二楼的办证柜台。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/ac08d64ab66aa3222468843926e8012c\"><span>不知道是不是机缘巧合，余丽已经带着一拨人在这里等候，刚好，碰到了李某。</span></p>\n<p><span>简单粗暴，直接有效。跑去隔壁派出所报案也没用。</span></p>\n<p><span>魏新出局，李友出局，余丽出局之后，很明显，方正集团里依然还有内贼。保管了三年的材料，就这样回到了余丽们手中。招润公司的股东权利，又能发挥作用了。</span></p>\n<p><b><span>2017年底，方正集团的净资产是573亿元。30%股权，对应的是191亿元</span></b><span>，这部分的权利归属，随着招润公司的证照被夺，方正集团心里没了底。</span></p>\n<p><span>2018年，方正集团两次起诉要求拿回证照，一审二审均败诉。</span></p>\n<p><span>反过来，余丽们通过招润公司向方正集团发起三次起诉，要求作为股东的合法权利，至今尚未开庭。</span></p>\n<p><span>2019年，北京招润公司的网站上线，首页上高举起向方正集团维权的大旗。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/578da69f13ad8eccf546ab6bccf46fe5\"><span>作为靠谱的事后诸葛亮，先机君知道事情的关键胜负点之一，就在于招润公司的证照。证照被抢，余丽们的股东身份就活了。从被抢时起，方正集团只剩下一条路：起诉要求招润公司2004年参与的改制无效、废掉其股东身份</span><b><span>。</span></b></p>\n<p><span>先机君没想到的是，从2017年初国家机关批判方正改制造假、国有资产遭侵吞、要求追责，到招润证照被抢，再到2019年北大正式向法院提出改制无效，竟然间隔了长达两年的时间。</span></p>\n<p><span>中间方正集团起诉要求拿回证照，不过是磨洋工，败诉无意外。</span></p>\n<p><span>吃瓜群众等得很不耐烦。</span><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/50c791a81aceaf36cfbddc5a8247c748\"><span><b>遮羞布</b></span></p>\n<p><span>最近，方正集团的大股东——北大资产经营有限公司直接向北京第一中院起诉，要求判令北京招润和李友另外两家关联公司成都华鼎、深圳康隆获得方正集团65%股权的转让协议无效，方正集团100%股权应归还北大资产公司。北京一中院已经立案。</span></p>\n<p><span>北大资产撕掉了2004年方正改制的遮羞布：</span></p>\n<p><span>1、改制过程中，魏新、李友、余丽将方正集团2002年底的净资产由20.69亿元，降至8029万元。</span></p>\n<p><span>2、股权受让主体欺上瞒下，成都华鼎、深圳康隆、北京招润都有问题。</span></p>\n<p><span>3、魏新、李友、余丽买方正集团股权的钱，是从方正集团套取的。等于拿方正集团自己的钱，买方正集团。</span></p>\n<p><span>北大资产提出上述诉求和三大理由，自然是迫于国家有关部门压力、经过谨慎调查得出来的结论。围绕这些信息，媒体开始对2004年的方正改制进行“再考”。</span></p>\n<p><span>该怎么判，是法院的事。</span></p>\n<p><span>但是，先机君认为，李友团队在巨额侵吞国资的嫌疑之外，客观上说，是对方正集团有贡献的。其贡献体现在：</span></p>\n<p><span>第一、一系列并购，确实收了不少好东西，做大了方正集团的资产。</span></p>\n<p><span>嗯，想了好久，只想到这一条。</span></p>\n<p><span>反过来，如果没有碰到大金主魏新和方正集团，李友们的“凯地系”，很可能像张海一样，倒在2006年牛市的黎明前</span><b><span>。</span></b></p>\n<p><span><b>补记：方正集团如今债务违约，已走到风口浪尖。核心问题归结到战略上，前些年方正的资本运作玩得确实漂亮，但操盘方没有安于实业，导致主营业务迷失、现金流始终不畅，旗下多个上市公司与资产空壳化，最后架子越大、调控时死得越快。当然，多年的内耗也是一个因素。</b></span></p>","source":"lsy1575534645607","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>“内贼”作乱：方正帝国衰亡史</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ 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}\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n“内贼”作乱：方正帝国衰亡史\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2019-12-06 23:00 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vSo61iSfbomxbrYRS_CviQ><strong>先机财经</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>千亿规模的方正集团目前陷入债务危机，直接引发大股东变换的不确定性。此时回顾先机财经的这篇旧文，可以品味一下因果。\n\n若不是有内贼，方正集团不会被逼到如今这般田地。\n北京市海淀区东北旺南路甲29号，全称叫“上地办公中心”，这里是海淀区行政服务中心的所在地，旁边就是上地派出所。\n一年半前的2017年12月11日，上地办公中心二楼，海淀工商局的办证柜台前，众目睽睽之下，发生了一场武斗。\n一方是“余丽、冯...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vSo61iSfbomxbrYRS_CviQ\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/85db9cbddb7556198c1000ca7eb24eb7","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vSo61iSfbomxbrYRS_CviQ","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1132414789","content_text":"千亿规模的方正集团目前陷入债务危机，直接引发大股东变换的不确定性。此时回顾先机财经的这篇旧文，可以品味一下因果。\n\n若不是有内贼，方正集团不会被逼到如今这般田地。\n北京市海淀区东北旺南路甲29号，全称叫“上地办公中心”，这里是海淀区行政服务中心的所在地，旁边就是上地派出所。\n一年半前的2017年12月11日，上地办公中心二楼，海淀工商局的办证柜台前，众目睽睽之下，发生了一场武斗。\n一方是“余丽、冯志丹、李立民、闫飞龙及其雇用人员”；另一方，只有一个人——北大方正集团员工李某。\n没有带帮手、没有保安出面制止、没有围观群众来帮忙，结果没悬念——方正员工李某手中的所有材料全被对方抢走。李某去隔壁的上地派出所报警，与事无补。办事时间、地点、人员被对方掌握得一清二楚，方正集团人都没多带两个。我说，方正没有内贼，你信不信？\n被抢走的，是关系到方正集团半条命的文件。\n因为这场抢夺，从2017年12月11日直到如今，方正集团焦头烂额。而余丽们的命运发生转变，反客为主。\n 同学，不好\n余丽的前一份工作是：方正集团董事、执行总裁兼CFO、方正东亚信托董事长、方正集团财务公司董事长、A股上市公司中国高科董事长、香港上市公司北大资源和方正数码的董事局主席、方正证券董事。余丽有一个同学叫李友，两人均毕业于郑州航空工业管理学院会计系。\n李友的前一份工作是方正集团董事、首席执行官。李友曾经带了一波郑州航院同学入驻方正集团， 2015年初，大家一起失业。\n2016年11月25日，大连中级法院宣判方正集团李友窝案：\n认定李友犯内幕交易罪、妨碍公务罪和隐匿会计凭证、会计账簿、财务报告罪，数罪并罚、决定执行有期徒刑四年六个月，并处罚金人民币7.502亿元。\n认定余丽犯隐匿会计凭证、会计账簿、财务会计报告罪，罚款人民币15万元，当庭释放。\n半年后的2017年5月5日，证监会追加处罚：\n中国高科信披违法案：余丽被处以30万元顶格罚款。\n方正证券信披违法、关联交易案：李友被罚30万元，余丽被罚10万元。\n方正科技信披违法案：李友被罚30万元；\n北大医药信披违法案：余丽被罚30万元。\n另外：证监会认定：“李友组织、策划、领导或者实施了上述多项信息披露违法行为，承担主要责任，其行为性质特别恶劣，违法情节特别严重。”处以李友终身证券市场禁入。余丽10年证券市场禁入。\n风吹鸡蛋壳，财去人安乐。\n李友纵横证券市场20载，被罚掉的7.502亿加60万，和余丽的85万，只是几个人生小目标。他们还有近200个亿，在方正集团。\n 气功大师\n那是一个波澜壮阔的大时代。\n1986年，重庆人李友和河南人余丽从郑州航院的会计系毕业。他们的运气很好，毕业前两年，郑州航院刚升格为本科，这样的学历，在那个年代份属难得。\n李友毕业后一开始是在河南审计厅，余丽在河南省计划经济委员会（后来的发改委）。几年之后，两人再度交汇到一起。\n80年代末的李友，一直有奋起改变命运的决心，在审计厅工作之余，卖过烤串、炒过股，但生活没有太大改观。\n直至遇上他生命中的第一个贵人和金主——张海。\n李友大学毕业时，张海还在读初中。他没考上高中，后来另辟一蹊径，去河南大学读了一个收费的武术专修班，还是没拿到毕业证。\n但是，弄潮儿的天马行空，一般人理解不了。上世纪90年代末，气功热就像当今的P2P、区块链一样席卷神州大地。在武术班进修的张海一不留神进了这个圈子，结识了藏密气功师王某，并经王某介绍，认识了藏传佛教大师某活佛。\n1992年，张海以某活佛的弟子身份在各地广开藏密气功中心，收徒授法。“有毒瘾的人喝了藏密瑜伽发了功的信息水后，可以减轻他戒毒的副作用，藏密瑜伽对艾滋病的一些科研项目也取得了一定的效应。”短短几年，张海有30万信徒，收取“带功报告费用”数千万元。1995年左右的几千万，相当于现在的十个亿。这种体量的资金，足以在当初刚起步的股市呼风唤雨。\n李友未必是张海的信徒，但他是张海最需要的人。张海高中文凭都没有，只有钱；李友没有钱，但是有财务技术和资本圈的人脉。\n1996年11月，张海与已从河南审计厅离职的李友合作创立了河南心智实业，第二年，又发起成立河南菩提泉农业发展有限公司。\n从名称上看，“心智”、“菩提泉”都带有张海的气功、藏密意境。但李友的郑航系同学冯七评、余丽、冉茂平陆续加入进来。\n2000年左右，李友与张海在深圳改组凯地投资公司、收购东方时代公司，进而入主上市公司中国高科，并先后操盘方正科技、银鸽投资、飞亚达、中科健、深大通、浙江国投，成为资本市场名震一时的“凯地系”。\n早年，市场上曾流传过一份张海的“十虎将”名单，李友和郑航院同学余丽、方中华、冯七评占了其中四席。\n李友，除了在凯地系核心公司任职之外，于2000年担任中国高科总裁。\n余丽在2000年起，担任河南心智的法人后，又于2001年担任凯地系控制的上市公司银鸽投资副总裁。\n随着“凯地系”的资本版图扩张，原来的金主张海逐渐边缘化。\n魏老师炒股\n2001年到2005年，是一轮四年多的大熊市。\n没有股权分置改革，上市公司盈利能力差，市场成交极不活跃，股价跳水，很多“资本系”无法套现，全靠外部资金拆结和挪用上市公司资金，苟延残喘，一不留神资金链断裂、身败名裂，操盘手入狱了事，比如“德隆系”。\n“凯地系”别看牛气哄哄，同样资金链紧崩，暗雷涌动，控制的上市公司营收利润水平都极有限，李友一直在寻找出路。这时，他遇到了事业上的第二个贵人——魏新。\n魏新，河南周口人，比李友大十岁左右，本科毕业于北京钢铁学院（后改名北京科技大学），很努力的攻下了北京大学的教育学硕士和管理学博士。1992年起任教北大；后任北京大学教育学院常务副院长。1999年，长期在北大教育口工作的魏新，突然进入方正集团。\n方正集团成立于1992年。有方正激光照排系统的垄断利润加持和个人电脑市场春天的到来，方正集团的发展并不比联想差。\n到1999年，方正集团已拥有三家上市公司，A股的方正科技（电脑）和香港的方正控股（电子排版）、方正数码（电子商务）。联想只有柳传志一个核心，而方正创业以来，一直有两个核心人物：技术核心王选院士和经营核心张玉峰，集团内部技术派和经营派长期斗得不可开交。\n最终两败俱伤，渔翁得利。1999年11月，方正集团宣布调整人事，原董事长张玉峰和方正研究院院长王选均从集团董事会离任。北京大学副校长出任集团董事长。魏新作为新董事长的助理，协助处理方正集团事务，并于2001年6月正式成为方正集团副董事长。\n1999年到2000年，方正集团在方正科技搞了一系列神经操作。\n1998年5月，北大系四家公司举牌延中实业（600601），共计持有股权5.077%，并改组了董事会（原大股东宝安默许，拱手让权）、将公司改名为方正科技。\n方正集团把正在迅猛增长的PC机、显示器、服务器、笔记本电脑业务以现金对价注入了方正科技，使得方正科技营收和净利润两年之间增长10倍。神经的是，北大方面没有提高股权比例，看到股价暴涨，甚至还减持套现了几十万股。1999年底，方正系列公司持有方正科技股份缩水为4.55%；2000年底，缩减为4.36%。\n简单说，2000年底的时候，方正科技营收是26.98亿元，净利润1.24亿元，总资产13.08亿元。而总股本1.86亿股中，方正集团和关联公司合计只剩下814万股，占4.36%。\n现金流超高，大股东持股不到5%的金娃娃，足以勾起很多人的想法。\n当时方正科技的关键人物祝剑秋，跟随张玉峰一起从经营口起家，做到了方正科技董事长和方正集团副总裁。因为方正的电脑在他手中做到了全国第二、亚太十强，实力派大佬祝剑秋，并不买魏新的账。2001年初，北大方面还在搞边换仓边减持的神经操作，长虹两家关联公司持股方正科技突然达到2.91%，当时有风声称，长虹方面正是受祝剑秋引导。\n魏新一下子懵了，当了十几年老师的他，怎么也没想到资本市场是这样玩的。长虹再增持下去，方正集团的控制权不保、魏新在方正集团的位置也会受冲击。2001年4月，魏新在郑州的中州宾馆遇到了李友，两人彻夜深谈，一拍即合。\n2001年5月12日，方正科技被北京裕兴、深圳凯地等六家公司联合举牌。过了两天，方正集团提交给方正科技一份增补董事候选人名单，其中有两个人选：\n张海，东方时代董事长；李友，东方时代董事。两人均为北京方正实业开发有限公司董事。而6家举牌公司中的深圳凯地，是东方时代控股股东。名单是方正集团给出来的，很明显，裕兴、凯地跟方正集团联了手。\n祝剑秋不服，最终被踢出局。长虹还想硬扛，但马上公司领导换了人。尘埃落定。\n方正集团方面后来陆续增持方正科技，合计持股占到总股本的11.91%，拿稳了控制权。而裕兴系6公司举牌持有的股份逐渐退出。留在方正的，只剩下李友和他的郑航同学们。\n2001年10月，魏新正式出任方正集团董事长。在此前后，李友先进入方正科技任总裁、后进入方正集团担任首席执行官。\n最好的时光\n李友进入方正系，是他与张海分道扬飚的开始。\n从结果上看，这次分手，等于是张海一个人从凯地系出局，李友带着凯地系的核心团队打包加入了方正集团。方正集团有每年几十亿的现金流，李友带来了几个壳。\n2001年11月，方正集团入股当初由李友和张海发起的河南心智，后者改名为河南方正信息。河南方正有了资金注入，也买了不少方正科技股票，帮方正集团坐稳大股东。\n2002年8月，方正集团宣布入主浙江证券。2001年12月，证监会对浙江国投旗下的浙江证券处以罚款5.03亿元，而浙江证券注册资本只有4.5亿元。浙江证券的原大股东浙江国投，是李友和张海的重要合作伙伴。在方正集团的资金和资源加持下，濒临倒闭的浙江证券改名为方正证券，破茧成蝶。\n中国高科，在2003年从东方时代转到李友团队的深圳康隆手中，标志着李友团队与张海正式分家。此后，中国高科长期与方正科技互相担保，尽管主营业务起起伏伏，但是资金链稳住了。这个壳，一直是李友团队的保底家当。2011年，深圳康隆将中国高科的股权卖给方正集团，一倒手，赚了几个亿。\n离开了李友的张海，如同折去了翅膀的小鸟，马上开始自由落体。\n2002年初，张海以浙江国投某副总为中介，出资3.38亿元收购广东健力宝。张海在此前后还出手华意压缩和西北化工，他玩的还是2000年以前的坐庄套路，想重新组一个“系”。两年之后，张海被人举报、入狱，原因是：“张海为支付其购买广东健力宝集团购股款所欠债务，先后侵占健力宝集团资金1.207亿元，挪用资金8645万元。”\n这等于说，张海已经没多少钱了，收购健力宝的钱，大部分都是借的。\n张海被关了6年。行贿、立功、减刑、出狱、逃往国外，另是一段魔幻故事。气功大师在广东坐牢的那几年，李友和余丽在北京风生水起。\n2003年前后，资本市场哀鸿一片，但方正集团有钱，那是属于李友们的最好时代，他们将逆周期并购玩到了极致。\n那几年方正集团出2亿收购浙江证券、出3亿收购西南合成、注资6亿重组泰阳证券、收购苏钢、武汉正信，一路攻城略地。\n等到2005年牛市起来，市场流动性充裕，方正证券逐渐扭亏为盈，并在2011年上市、募资百亿，整盘棋都活了。\n2000年末，方正集团的净资产是13亿元；2001年为15亿元；2002年为20亿元；2003年末，净资产达到40亿元。\n但是，在2002年底20亿净资产的基础上，2003年中，方正集团搞了一次评估，以2003年3月31日为基准，整个集团净资产评估价值突然被打到1.5亿元。以这个数字为基础，李友们入股成了方正集团的股东。到年底，方正集团净资产突然又拉高到40亿元。\n2004年的那场改制，李友们以方正集团净资产只有1.5亿的评估价为基准，通过一家北京招润投资管理公司出资4480万元，拿下方正集团30%股权。此笔股权，在2003年底，对应的净资产已经是12亿元以上。方正集团另外35%的股权，被以暗箱协议转让给了李友们的关联公司，但明面上，长期由北大方面代持。\n这个过程中，我说方正集团没有内贼，你信不信？\n翻船\n从2001年到2015年，李友团队与魏新在方正集团稳坐了十四年。\n北京招润公司，虽然是持有方正集团30%股权的股东，但其证照一直放在方正集团，由方正集团保管章程和办理工商税务事务。\n温水煮青蛙，没人想过去改变现状。\n2014年左右，年近50的李友已经在谈着准备退休回家抱孙子。\n一场震动资本市场的大火拼改变了一切，这背后有个已经逃往美国的关键人物，没法多说。当事双方均以为胜券在握，没想到一起鸡飞蛋打。\n2015年1月5日，李友与魏新、余丽突然被有关部门带走调查，方正集团董事会当天由北大方面派出的团队接管。李友们被调查了两年，但是，招润公司的证照没带走，方正集团没做任何处理。\n两年后的2016年11月，李友被判罚款7.502亿和入狱四年半，旋即因肝癌保外就医。余丽被罚15万元的同时，未获得刑期。\n但是，郑州航院毕业的同学们，已经从方正集团出局了。\n李友在生死线上挣扎，剩下的事只能由余丽来出头。\n按《经济观察报》最近的报道，直到：“2017年上半年，中央第十三巡视组在巡视北京大学后反馈的巡视意见中就指出：北京大学的“校办企业涉嫌巨额国有资产流失，方正集团等校办企业被个别原高管通过各种方式巧取豪夺，侵吞巨额国有资产”。\n2017年9月，国家审计署对北京大学出具的审计意见提出：方正集团改制涉嫌审计报告造假和资产低评等问题，要求北京大学应认真自查校办企业改制和股权转让中存在的违反程序、低评净资产、‘自买自卖’等重大违法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