瞻行
2020-09-19
想多了，后续是美国乖乖的解冻华为，拭目以待了，你还是太年轻！
任正非的命，张忠谋的运
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DEMO CHINA「创新中国」主办方。创业邦官网：www.cyzone.cn","home_visible":1,"media_name":"创业邦","id":"1034061404","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/39fa1eaed1f845a885c9e811a7ff05c2"},"pubTimestamp":1600434000,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2068714880?lang=&edition=full","pubTime":"2020-09-18 21:00","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"任正非的命，张忠谋的运","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2068714880","media":"创业邦","summary":"邦哥推荐：命好是羡慕不来的，只能自己拼命挣，挣到一个企业掌握核心技术，不再因为另一个国家的禁令而乱了阵脚，那才是真正的命好。来源丨豹变（ID：baobiannews）作者丨秦海清编辑丨张洋任正非放弃“","content":"<html><body><div>\n<p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b92e6aad56834f2faf4b512e1b76f5cb\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span><strong><span>邦哥推荐：</span></strong></span><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">命好是羡慕不来的，只能自己拼命挣，挣到一个企业掌握核心技术，不再因为另一个国家的禁令而乱了阵脚，那才是真正的命好。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" left=\"\" neue=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">来源丨豹变（ID：baobiannews）</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" left=\"\" neue=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">作者丨秦海清</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" left=\"\" neue=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">编辑丨张洋</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非放弃“幻想”，雇包机从台湾运回1.2亿颗芯片。川普的禁令正式生效，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">台积电</a>无法继续为华为生产芯片，一对紧密的合作伙伴，被生生拆散。任正非起于微时，一路跌跌撞撞养成华为，却在暮年还要遭遇致命一击，相比台积电的创始人张忠谋，他的命实在太差了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>2018年3月，台积电创始人张忠谋拜访深圳华为总部，平日里穿着随意的任正非，特意换上了西装。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋当时还有3个月就要彻底退休，他拜会的目的是希望任正非日后多多关照台积电。那一年，华为给台积电贡献了8%的营收，是台积电的第二大客户，第一是<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>两位巨头怕是没有料到，美国对华为的制裁突然而至且层层加码，搞得华为没法“关照”台积电，只能与与台积电“执手相看泪眼”。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>如今台积电正式断供华为，麒麟就此“绝产”，任正非多么想念张忠谋。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d94702c4f4104536b6bcb8aa90dd3f7f\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>1987年，商人特朗普去了白宫一趟，当时他还无意竞选总统，但“不能让美国吃亏”的政治理念已经深深印在特朗普的脑子里。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>这一年，任正非创办华为，张忠谋成立台积电，以后两人成为彼此十分重要的生意伙伴。任正非是个怎样的人，张忠谋从未与外人说，倒是任正非很羡慕张忠谋。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>张忠谋拜访华为后不久，任正非在一次采访中说，</span><strong><span>人家多优秀啊，留过学、素质高、创业资源又好</span></strong><span>，不像华为，两万多块钱的启动资金是凑来的，啥技术也没有，只能从二道贩子干起。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非说的都是大实话，他的命跟张忠谋真的没法儿比。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>1944年10月，任正非出生于贵州的贫困山区，父母都是乡村老师，挣不着什么钱。任正非出生时，张忠谋已经13岁，随父母从香港转到重庆，在名校南开中学读书。<strong>他的父亲张尉观是第一代接受西洋教育的名门之后，在哥伦比亚大学获得硕士学位，当过浙江宁波鄞县财政局长</strong>，也在南京、广州、香港做过银行经理。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非是家中长子，底下6个弟弟、妹妹，他的童年充满了饥饿的记忆。张忠谋是家中独子，感受的是来自一个中产家庭的温暖。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>待任正非考上重庆建筑工程学院（现重庆大学），</span><strong><span>张忠谋通过叔叔的安排，早已体验了哈佛大学的精彩，拿到了麻省理工的硕士学位</span></strong><span>，在半导体行业浸淫了8年，在<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TXN\">德州仪器</a>的工作卓有成效，而且颇受老板赏识。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋还拥有<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DLX\">豪华</a>的朋友圈，包括因特尔的创始人摩尔和诺伊斯，摩尔正是“摩尔定律”的提出者，诺伊斯被誉为“硅谷之父”。张忠谋的同事杰克·基尔比，是集成电路的发明人。跟精英中的精英交朋友、共事，张忠谋恐怕想平庸都难。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>任正非大学毕业后，选择进入部队的大熔炉接受锻炼。此时的张忠谋已经升任德州仪器资深副总裁，兼任集成电路部分总经理，日后成为公司仅次于董事长和总裁的“三把手”，这可</span><strong><span>是华人在美国大公司能混到的最高段位</span></strong><span>。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>1978年，在部队表现突出的任正非出席了全国科学大会，中国开始改变。这一年德州仪器调整战略谋求转型，张忠谋被迫离开心爱的半导体部门，去消费电子部门做总经理，这让他感到非常郁闷。5年后，张忠谋辞职，任正非转业到深圳。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>经历通用公司短暂任职，张忠谋兜兜转转回到中国台湾，出任工业技术研究院院长，准备伺机而动，这时候他脑子里酝酿有一个颠覆世界半导体行业的点子。任正非刚在深圳南海油田集团谋了一份养家糊口的差事，结果缺乏商场斗争经验的任正非，被人骗了200万货款，丢了工作。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>任正非一时走投无门，只好自己单干，没啥大理想，就是谋生计。1987年，华为诞生了，张忠谋创立台积电，决心干一番大事业。</span><strong><span>两个男人同时开启人生的新篇章</span></strong><span>。</span></span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d27bd01510d0476ba53dcd16bb99bf2a\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>说起来都是创业，任正非是走投无路的被迫创业，而张忠谋则是真正创业的样子。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋得到中国台湾当局以及国际资本的支持，成立“台湾积体电路制造公司”，简称“台积电”，一出手就是2.2亿美元。“积体电路”是中国台湾的叫法，大陆称“集成电路”。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非手上只有转业费3000块，东拼西凑总算凑了2.1万元才够注册一家公司。2.2亿美元，2.1万人民币，这可是几万倍的差距啊。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>华为初创时，要啥啥没有，</span><strong><span>任正非只能带着几个同事四处“打游击”，啥能来钱就卖啥，甚至卖过减肥药、火灾报警器</span></strong><span>，可以说想钱想疯了。直到华为成为香港一家生产交换机的公司的代理商，任正非才算挨着一点通信行业的皮毛。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>多年以后，世界通信行业的一位大拿问任正非，你一穷二白，怎么敢进入门槛这么高的通信业。任正非坦承，都怪自己啥也不懂，一头扎进去之后才知道太难了。所以，任正非天天担心华为是不是要倒了，因此“活下去”一度是华为的最高纲领。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span><span>张忠谋则</span><strong><span>开创了前无古人的晶圆代工模式</span></strong><span>，他认为这是半导体产业商业模式的创新。</span></span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>当时，半导体技术槛高，公司之间害怕竞争对手窃取技术，所以从芯片设计、制造、封装和验证都是在公司内部进行，其弊端就是基础设施重复建设，导致芯片成本居高不下。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>多数芯片公司无法承受芯片设计制造一体化的体量，张忠谋瞄准这个机会，专攻芯片制造。那时，西方发达国家当时正向发展中国家转移一些技术含量相对不高的产业，中国台湾因此获得了大量资金和一些技术支持，由此成为“亚洲四小龙”之一。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>这样的背景下，台积电建厂投产后，正好赶上因特尔业务转型，因此拿到因特尔芯片制造业务的订单，最重要的是，因特尔手把手地解决了台积电几百项技术难题，让台积电慢慢站稳脚跟。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>最初没人看的懂台积电，业内人士都觉得张忠谋的代工模式走不远。30年后，张忠谋一跺脚，世界半导体行业就得跟着抖一抖。2017年，张忠谋在接受采访时无不骄傲地说，未来半导体产业不太可能再有商业模式的创新。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>“实际上半导体产业从1952年开始到现在（2017年），唯一重要的、有破坏性的商业模式创新就是晶圆代工模式。”</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>当然，华为也不弱，好歹现在也是世界通信行业的数一数二的超级公司，尽管有美国的制裁，华为智能手机销量在2020年已经成为世界第一了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>本来华为与台积电生意做得越来越大，<strong>华为2019年为台积电贡献了360多亿的营收，同比近80%的增速远超苹果</strong>，以后兴许能超越苹果成为台积电第一大客户，现在一切都被特朗普搅黄了。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c388bbb1905f4740995d88a45296f813\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>尽管起步晚、条件差，任正非仍然实现了中老年逆袭，华为的崛起在中国乃至世界商业史绝对值得书写一笔。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>到底任正非命比张忠谋还是差一点，本该享受辉煌人生安度晚年，华为却横遭不测，一把年纪的任正非心又揪起来。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>他不得不再次出山，力挽狂澜，尽管已经计划隐退。跟张忠谋见面后不久，任正非很快就卸任了华为副董事长一职，由孟晚舟接任；当了19年董事长的孙亚芳一同卸任，华为自此开始实行轮值董事长制度，台积电则是“双首长制”。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>从职务上看，任正非算是已经退休了，称自己现在只是华为的“傀儡”而已，具体业务上也帮不上什么大忙。</span><strong><span>实际上任正非扮演着华为的“定海神针”</span></strong><span>，是华为近20万员工的精神支柱。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>孟晚舟出事儿后，华为上下人心惶惶，一向不事张扬的任正非被迫频频受访，绝对是2019年最高调的企业家。任正非一来是为了消除西方媒体的刻板印象，二来是给客户传达信心，第三点也是最重要的一点——稳住军心，做好这三件事，整个华为公关部也抵不上任正非一个人作用大。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong><span>华为的危机不解除，这根“定海神针”就不能倒</span></strong><span>。任正非受访时透露的那种云淡风轻，更多的意味是“战略上藐视敌人”，但在具体战术上，华为要做的工作还很多，被“藐视”的特朗普怕是不会轻易放过华为。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>张忠谋则悠然自得的多，自2018年6月告别台积电后，彻底回归家庭，<strong>没事儿旅旅游、陪老婆搞搞公益、写写自传</strong>。失去华为这个大客户，张忠谋就一点也不慌？</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋真的不慌，甚至可以说“稳坐钓鱼台”。2019年11月，张忠谋曾对外界表示，当世界不安静，台积电将成“地缘策略家”的必争之地。台积电会成必争之地，是因为它重要到可以左右全球产业格局。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>在2020年6月份台积电股东大会上，有投资人提问，断供华为是否会冲击台积电？</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>台积电董事长刘德音称“希望这件事不要发生”，但重点是后面一句，“</span><strong><span>如果真的没有海思订单，其他客户都抢着补上空缺的产能。</span></strong><span>”</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>刘德音没说大话，在高端芯片制造领域，台积电处于绝对的“卖方”地位，排着队给台积电“送钱”的一个接一个。假如禁令解除，华为想要重新排上台积电的订单，不知道到啥时候了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>余承东只好无奈地说，在全球化的过程中，华为只参与了芯片设计，并</span><strong><span>没有参与到芯片的制造、封装领域，“这是一个沉痛的教训”</span></strong><span>。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>惨痛的教训，在任正非76年的创业经历里有无数个，每一次都靠着自己的努力熬了过来，只是这一次，无关竞争、无关商业，就直接被特朗普政府判了死刑。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋则靠着在芯片行业无可替代的地位，继续高枕无忧。没了台积电，华为却没有新芯片能够顶上，任正非又要羡慕张忠谋了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>只是，命好是羡慕不来的，只能自己拼命挣，挣到一个企业掌握核心技术，不再因为另一个国家的禁令而乱了阵脚，那才是真正的命好。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" center=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/69b5011a49e34e06afbff9f5a87c7aba\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b1058e939ff7401db280e92a3d903535\"/></p><p arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b6f4a4df70e8440c81900f335166c347\"/></p><p arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" center=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong>MORE | 更多精彩文章</strong></span></p><h2 arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" 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style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/39fa1eaed1f845a885c9e811a7ff05c2);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">创业邦 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2020-09-18 21:00</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><body><div>\n<p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b92e6aad56834f2faf4b512e1b76f5cb\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span><strong><span>邦哥推荐：</span></strong></span><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">命好是羡慕不来的，只能自己拼命挣，挣到一个企业掌握核心技术，不再因为另一个国家的禁令而乱了阵脚，那才是真正的命好。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" left=\"\" neue=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">来源丨豹变（ID：baobiannews）</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" left=\"\" neue=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">作者丨秦海清</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" left=\"\" neue=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\">编辑丨张洋</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非放弃“幻想”，雇包机从台湾运回1.2亿颗芯片。川普的禁令正式生效，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSM\">台积电</a>无法继续为华为生产芯片，一对紧密的合作伙伴，被生生拆散。任正非起于微时，一路跌跌撞撞养成华为，却在暮年还要遭遇致命一击，相比台积电的创始人张忠谋，他的命实在太差了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>2018年3月，台积电创始人张忠谋拜访深圳华为总部，平日里穿着随意的任正非，特意换上了西装。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋当时还有3个月就要彻底退休，他拜会的目的是希望任正非日后多多关照台积电。那一年，华为给台积电贡献了8%的营收，是台积电的第二大客户，第一是<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>两位巨头怕是没有料到，美国对华为的制裁突然而至且层层加码，搞得华为没法“关照”台积电，只能与与台积电“执手相看泪眼”。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>如今台积电正式断供华为，麒麟就此“绝产”，任正非多么想念张忠谋。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d94702c4f4104536b6bcb8aa90dd3f7f\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>1987年，商人特朗普去了白宫一趟，当时他还无意竞选总统，但“不能让美国吃亏”的政治理念已经深深印在特朗普的脑子里。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>这一年，任正非创办华为，张忠谋成立台积电，以后两人成为彼此十分重要的生意伙伴。任正非是个怎样的人，张忠谋从未与外人说，倒是任正非很羡慕张忠谋。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>张忠谋拜访华为后不久，任正非在一次采访中说，</span><strong><span>人家多优秀啊，留过学、素质高、创业资源又好</span></strong><span>，不像华为，两万多块钱的启动资金是凑来的，啥技术也没有，只能从二道贩子干起。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非说的都是大实话，他的命跟张忠谋真的没法儿比。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>1944年10月，任正非出生于贵州的贫困山区，父母都是乡村老师，挣不着什么钱。任正非出生时，张忠谋已经13岁，随父母从香港转到重庆，在名校南开中学读书。<strong>他的父亲张尉观是第一代接受西洋教育的名门之后，在哥伦比亚大学获得硕士学位，当过浙江宁波鄞县财政局长</strong>，也在南京、广州、香港做过银行经理。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非是家中长子，底下6个弟弟、妹妹，他的童年充满了饥饿的记忆。张忠谋是家中独子，感受的是来自一个中产家庭的温暖。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>待任正非考上重庆建筑工程学院（现重庆大学），</span><strong><span>张忠谋通过叔叔的安排，早已体验了哈佛大学的精彩，拿到了麻省理工的硕士学位</span></strong><span>，在半导体行业浸淫了8年，在<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TXN\">德州仪器</a>的工作卓有成效，而且颇受老板赏识。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋还拥有<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DLX\">豪华</a>的朋友圈，包括因特尔的创始人摩尔和诺伊斯，摩尔正是“摩尔定律”的提出者，诺伊斯被誉为“硅谷之父”。张忠谋的同事杰克·基尔比，是集成电路的发明人。跟精英中的精英交朋友、共事，张忠谋恐怕想平庸都难。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>任正非大学毕业后，选择进入部队的大熔炉接受锻炼。此时的张忠谋已经升任德州仪器资深副总裁，兼任集成电路部分总经理，日后成为公司仅次于董事长和总裁的“三把手”，这可</span><strong><span>是华人在美国大公司能混到的最高段位</span></strong><span>。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>1978年，在部队表现突出的任正非出席了全国科学大会，中国开始改变。这一年德州仪器调整战略谋求转型，张忠谋被迫离开心爱的半导体部门，去消费电子部门做总经理，这让他感到非常郁闷。5年后，张忠谋辞职，任正非转业到深圳。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>经历通用公司短暂任职，张忠谋兜兜转转回到中国台湾，出任工业技术研究院院长，准备伺机而动，这时候他脑子里酝酿有一个颠覆世界半导体行业的点子。任正非刚在深圳南海油田集团谋了一份养家糊口的差事，结果缺乏商场斗争经验的任正非，被人骗了200万货款，丢了工作。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>任正非一时走投无门，只好自己单干，没啥大理想，就是谋生计。1987年，华为诞生了，张忠谋创立台积电，决心干一番大事业。</span><strong><span>两个男人同时开启人生的新篇章</span></strong><span>。</span></span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d27bd01510d0476ba53dcd16bb99bf2a\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>说起来都是创业，任正非是走投无路的被迫创业，而张忠谋则是真正创业的样子。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋得到中国台湾当局以及国际资本的支持，成立“台湾积体电路制造公司”，简称“台积电”，一出手就是2.2亿美元。“积体电路”是中国台湾的叫法，大陆称“集成电路”。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>任正非手上只有转业费3000块，东拼西凑总算凑了2.1万元才够注册一家公司。2.2亿美元，2.1万人民币，这可是几万倍的差距啊。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>华为初创时，要啥啥没有，</span><strong><span>任正非只能带着几个同事四处“打游击”，啥能来钱就卖啥，甚至卖过减肥药、火灾报警器</span></strong><span>，可以说想钱想疯了。直到华为成为香港一家生产交换机的公司的代理商，任正非才算挨着一点通信行业的皮毛。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>多年以后，世界通信行业的一位大拿问任正非，你一穷二白，怎么敢进入门槛这么高的通信业。任正非坦承，都怪自己啥也不懂，一头扎进去之后才知道太难了。所以，任正非天天担心华为是不是要倒了，因此“活下去”一度是华为的最高纲领。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span><span>张忠谋则</span><strong><span>开创了前无古人的晶圆代工模式</span></strong><span>，他认为这是半导体产业商业模式的创新。</span></span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>当时，半导体技术槛高，公司之间害怕竞争对手窃取技术，所以从芯片设计、制造、封装和验证都是在公司内部进行，其弊端就是基础设施重复建设，导致芯片成本居高不下。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>多数芯片公司无法承受芯片设计制造一体化的体量，张忠谋瞄准这个机会，专攻芯片制造。那时，西方发达国家当时正向发展中国家转移一些技术含量相对不高的产业，中国台湾因此获得了大量资金和一些技术支持，由此成为“亚洲四小龙”之一。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>这样的背景下，台积电建厂投产后，正好赶上因特尔业务转型，因此拿到因特尔芯片制造业务的订单，最重要的是，因特尔手把手地解决了台积电几百项技术难题，让台积电慢慢站稳脚跟。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>最初没人看的懂台积电，业内人士都觉得张忠谋的代工模式走不远。30年后，张忠谋一跺脚，世界半导体行业就得跟着抖一抖。2017年，张忠谋在接受采访时无不骄傲地说，未来半导体产业不太可能再有商业模式的创新。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>“实际上半导体产业从1952年开始到现在（2017年），唯一重要的、有破坏性的商业模式创新就是晶圆代工模式。”</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>当然，华为也不弱，好歹现在也是世界通信行业的数一数二的超级公司，尽管有美国的制裁，华为智能手机销量在2020年已经成为世界第一了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>本来华为与台积电生意做得越来越大，<strong>华为2019年为台积电贡献了360多亿的营收，同比近80%的增速远超苹果</strong>，以后兴许能超越苹果成为台积电第一大客户，现在一切都被特朗普搅黄了。</span></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c388bbb1905f4740995d88a45296f813\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>尽管起步晚、条件差，任正非仍然实现了中老年逆袭，华为的崛起在中国乃至世界商业史绝对值得书写一笔。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>到底任正非命比张忠谋还是差一点，本该享受辉煌人生安度晚年，华为却横遭不测，一把年纪的任正非心又揪起来。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>他不得不再次出山，力挽狂澜，尽管已经计划隐退。跟张忠谋见面后不久，任正非很快就卸任了华为副董事长一职，由孟晚舟接任；当了19年董事长的孙亚芳一同卸任，华为自此开始实行轮值董事长制度，台积电则是“双首长制”。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>从职务上看，任正非算是已经退休了，称自己现在只是华为的“傀儡”而已，具体业务上也帮不上什么大忙。</span><strong><span>实际上任正非扮演着华为的“定海神针”</span></strong><span>，是华为近20万员工的精神支柱。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>孟晚舟出事儿后，华为上下人心惶惶，一向不事张扬的任正非被迫频频受访，绝对是2019年最高调的企业家。任正非一来是为了消除西方媒体的刻板印象，二来是给客户传达信心，第三点也是最重要的一点——稳住军心，做好这三件事，整个华为公关部也抵不上任正非一个人作用大。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong><span>华为的危机不解除，这根“定海神针”就不能倒</span></strong><span>。任正非受访时透露的那种云淡风轻，更多的意味是“战略上藐视敌人”，但在具体战术上，华为要做的工作还很多，被“藐视”的特朗普怕是不会轻易放过华为。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>张忠谋则悠然自得的多，自2018年6月告别台积电后，彻底回归家庭，<strong>没事儿旅旅游、陪老婆搞搞公益、写写自传</strong>。失去华为这个大客户，张忠谋就一点也不慌？</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋真的不慌，甚至可以说“稳坐钓鱼台”。2019年11月，张忠谋曾对外界表示，当世界不安静，台积电将成“地缘策略家”的必争之地。台积电会成必争之地，是因为它重要到可以左右全球产业格局。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>在2020年6月份台积电股东大会上，有投资人提问，断供华为是否会冲击台积电？</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>台积电董事长刘德音称“希望这件事不要发生”，但重点是后面一句，“</span><strong><span>如果真的没有海思订单，其他客户都抢着补上空缺的产能。</span></strong><span>”</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>刘德音没说大话，在高端芯片制造领域，台积电处于绝对的“卖方”地位，排着队给台积电“送钱”的一个接一个。假如禁令解除，华为想要重新排上台积电的订单，不知道到啥时候了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><span>余承东只好无奈地说，在全球化的过程中，华为只参与了芯片设计，并</span><strong><span>没有参与到芯片的制造、封装领域，“这是一个沉痛的教训”</span></strong><span>。</span></span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>惨痛的教训，在任正非76年的创业经历里有无数个，每一次都靠着自己的努力熬了过来，只是这一次，无关竞争、无关商业，就直接被特朗普政府判了死刑。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>张忠谋则靠着在芯片行业无可替代的地位，继续高枕无忧。没了台积电，华为却没有新芯片能够顶上，任正非又要羡慕张忠谋了。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span>只是，命好是羡慕不来的，只能自己拼命挣，挣到一个企业掌握核心技术，不再因为另一个国家的禁令而乱了阵脚，那才是真正的命好。</span></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" center=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/69b5011a49e34e06afbff9f5a87c7aba\"/></p><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b1058e939ff7401db280e92a3d903535\"/></p><p arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b6f4a4df70e8440c81900f335166c347\"/></p><p arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" center=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong>MORE | 更多精彩文章</strong></span></p><h2 arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><strong><span></span></strong></h2><h2 arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><strong><span>史上最强软件IPO：<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SNOW\">Snowflake</a>上市首日股价暴涨111%，巴菲特押注的新硅谷造富神话来了｜海外头条</span></strong></h2><h2 arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><strong><span>2000亿的<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00708\">恒大汽车</a>回A股！马云、马化腾刚入股，40亿融资交个朋友 | 撩车</span></strong></h2><h2 arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><strong><span>阿里斗<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/00700\">腾讯</a>，秘密运营3年终现身，蒋凡亲自坐镇，一场争夺战将开启？</span></strong></h2><h2 arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong>“00后”创业，你哪来的自信？| 知食派</strong></span></h2><h2 arial=\"\" auto=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" rgb=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><span><strong><span>高瓴创始人张磊自述：</span><span>管理资金突破5000亿背后的“价值投资”理念丨充电</span></strong></span></h2><p arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" left=\"\" neue=\"\" normal=\"\" rgb=\"\" rgba=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" ui=\"\" yahei=\"\"><img arial=\"\" border-box=\"\" break-word=\"\" center=\"\" gb=\"\" helvetica=\"\" neue=\"\" sans=\"\" sans-serif=\"\" sc=\"\" src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/99f3b06917c943fea69d38bff22c5665\" ui=\"\" visible=\"\" yahei=\"\"/></p>\n</div></body></html>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b582f884b50f0d0edf25711778d49a0e","relate_stocks":{"03145":"华夏亚洲高息股","TSM":"台积电"},"source_url":"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5OTAzMjc4MA==&mid=2650138964&idx=1&sn=d537810a108c2066820ce874c6598c3d&chksm=bec0ebf789b762e19f65c2613052cf3b15920759250eba8445417417517bf2db66aaf9491922&scene=0#rd","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/ecd74548980bc5b366aa8f4b37ed0bd5","article_id":"2068714880","content_text":"邦哥推荐：命好是羡慕不来的，只能自己拼命挣，挣到一个企业掌握核心技术，不再因为另一个国家的禁令而乱了阵脚，那才是真正的命好。来源丨豹变（ID：baobiannews）作者丨秦海清编辑丨张洋任正非放弃“幻想”，雇包机从台湾运回1.2亿颗芯片。川普的禁令正式生效，台积电无法继续为华为生产芯片，一对紧密的合作伙伴，被生生拆散。任正非起于微时，一路跌跌撞撞养成华为，却在暮年还要遭遇致命一击，相比台积电的创始人张忠谋，他的命实在太差了。2018年3月，台积电创始人张忠谋拜访深圳华为总部，平日里穿着随意的任正非，特意换上了西装。张忠谋当时还有3个月就要彻底退休，他拜会的目的是希望任正非日后多多关照台积电。那一年，华为给台积电贡献了8%的营收，是台积电的第二大客户，第一是苹果。两位巨头怕是没有料到，美国对华为的制裁突然而至且层层加码，搞得华为没法“关照”台积电，只能与与台积电“执手相看泪眼”。如今台积电正式断供华为，麒麟就此“绝产”，任正非多么想念张忠谋。1987年，商人特朗普去了白宫一趟，当时他还无意竞选总统，但“不能让美国吃亏”的政治理念已经深深印在特朗普的脑子里。这一年，任正非创办华为，张忠谋成立台积电，以后两人成为彼此十分重要的生意伙伴。任正非是个怎样的人，张忠谋从未与外人说，倒是任正非很羡慕张忠谋。张忠谋拜访华为后不久，任正非在一次采访中说，人家多优秀啊，留过学、素质高、创业资源又好，不像华为，两万多块钱的启动资金是凑来的，啥技术也没有，只能从二道贩子干起。任正非说的都是大实话，他的命跟张忠谋真的没法儿比。1944年10月，任正非出生于贵州的贫困山区，父母都是乡村老师，挣不着什么钱。任正非出生时，张忠谋已经13岁，随父母从香港转到重庆，在名校南开中学读书。他的父亲张尉观是第一代接受西洋教育的名门之后，在哥伦比亚大学获得硕士学位，当过浙江宁波鄞县财政局长，也在南京、广州、香港做过银行经理。任正非是家中长子，底下6个弟弟、妹妹，他的童年充满了饥饿的记忆。张忠谋是家中独子，感受的是来自一个中产家庭的温暖。待任正非考上重庆建筑工程学院（现重庆大学），张忠谋通过叔叔的安排，早已体验了哈佛大学的精彩，拿到了麻省理工的硕士学位，在半导体行业浸淫了8年，在德州仪器的工作卓有成效，而且颇受老板赏识。张忠谋还拥有豪华的朋友圈，包括因特尔的创始人摩尔和诺伊斯，摩尔正是“摩尔定律”的提出者，诺伊斯被誉为“硅谷之父”。张忠谋的同事杰克·基尔比，是集成电路的发明人。跟精英中的精英交朋友、共事，张忠谋恐怕想平庸都难。任正非大学毕业后，选择进入部队的大熔炉接受锻炼。此时的张忠谋已经升任德州仪器资深副总裁，兼任集成电路部分总经理，日后成为公司仅次于董事长和总裁的“三把手”，这可是华人在美国大公司能混到的最高段位。1978年，在部队表现突出的任正非出席了全国科学大会，中国开始改变。这一年德州仪器调整战略谋求转型，张忠谋被迫离开心爱的半导体部门，去消费电子部门做总经理，这让他感到非常郁闷。5年后，张忠谋辞职，任正非转业到深圳。经历通用公司短暂任职，张忠谋兜兜转转回到中国台湾，出任工业技术研究院院长，准备伺机而动，这时候他脑子里酝酿有一个颠覆世界半导体行业的点子。任正非刚在深圳南海油田集团谋了一份养家糊口的差事，结果缺乏商场斗争经验的任正非，被人骗了200万货款，丢了工作。任正非一时走投无门，只好自己单干，没啥大理想，就是谋生计。1987年，华为诞生了，张忠谋创立台积电，决心干一番大事业。两个男人同时开启人生的新篇章。说起来都是创业，任正非是走投无路的被迫创业，而张忠谋则是真正创业的样子。张忠谋得到中国台湾当局以及国际资本的支持，成立“台湾积体电路制造公司”，简称“台积电”，一出手就是2.2亿美元。“积体电路”是中国台湾的叫法，大陆称“集成电路”。任正非手上只有转业费3000块，东拼西凑总算凑了2.1万元才够注册一家公司。2.2亿美元，2.1万人民币，这可是几万倍的差距啊。华为初创时，要啥啥没有，任正非只能带着几个同事四处“打游击”，啥能来钱就卖啥，甚至卖过减肥药、火灾报警器，可以说想钱想疯了。直到华为成为香港一家生产交换机的公司的代理商，任正非才算挨着一点通信行业的皮毛。多年以后，世界通信行业的一位大拿问任正非，你一穷二白，怎么敢进入门槛这么高的通信业。任正非坦承，都怪自己啥也不懂，一头扎进去之后才知道太难了。所以，任正非天天担心华为是不是要倒了，因此“活下去”一度是华为的最高纲领。张忠谋则开创了前无古人的晶圆代工模式，他认为这是半导体产业商业模式的创新。当时，半导体技术槛高，公司之间害怕竞争对手窃取技术，所以从芯片设计、制造、封装和验证都是在公司内部进行，其弊端就是基础设施重复建设，导致芯片成本居高不下。多数芯片公司无法承受芯片设计制造一体化的体量，张忠谋瞄准这个机会，专攻芯片制造。那时，西方发达国家当时正向发展中国家转移一些技术含量相对不高的产业，中国台湾因此获得了大量资金和一些技术支持，由此成为“亚洲四小龙”之一。这样的背景下，台积电建厂投产后，正好赶上因特尔业务转型，因此拿到因特尔芯片制造业务的订单，最重要的是，因特尔手把手地解决了台积电几百项技术难题，让台积电慢慢站稳脚跟。最初没人看的懂台积电，业内人士都觉得张忠谋的代工模式走不远。30年后，张忠谋一跺脚，世界半导体行业就得跟着抖一抖。2017年，张忠谋在接受采访时无不骄傲地说，未来半导体产业不太可能再有商业模式的创新。“实际上半导体产业从1952年开始到现在（2017年），唯一重要的、有破坏性的商业模式创新就是晶圆代工模式。”当然，华为也不弱，好歹现在也是世界通信行业的数一数二的超级公司，尽管有美国的制裁，华为智能手机销量在2020年已经成为世界第一了。本来华为与台积电生意做得越来越大，华为2019年为台积电贡献了360多亿的营收，同比近80%的增速远超苹果，以后兴许能超越苹果成为台积电第一大客户，现在一切都被特朗普搅黄了。尽管起步晚、条件差，任正非仍然实现了中老年逆袭，华为的崛起在中国乃至世界商业史绝对值得书写一笔。到底任正非命比张忠谋还是差一点，本该享受辉煌人生安度晚年，华为却横遭不测，一把年纪的任正非心又揪起来。他不得不再次出山，力挽狂澜，尽管已经计划隐退。跟张忠谋见面后不久，任正非很快就卸任了华为副董事长一职，由孟晚舟接任；当了19年董事长的孙亚芳一同卸任，华为自此开始实行轮值董事长制度，台积电则是“双首长制”。从职务上看，任正非算是已经退休了，称自己现在只是华为的“傀儡”而已，具体业务上也帮不上什么大忙。实际上任正非扮演着华为的“定海神针”，是华为近20万员工的精神支柱。孟晚舟出事儿后，华为上下人心惶惶，一向不事张扬的任正非被迫频频受访，绝对是2019年最高调的企业家。任正非一来是为了消除西方媒体的刻板印象，二来是给客户传达信心，第三点也是最重要的一点——稳住军心，做好这三件事，整个华为公关部也抵不上任正非一个人作用大。华为的危机不解除，这根“定海神针”就不能倒。任正非受访时透露的那种云淡风轻，更多的意味是“战略上藐视敌人”，但在具体战术上，华为要做的工作还很多，被“藐视”的特朗普怕是不会轻易放过华为。张忠谋则悠然自得的多，自2018年6月告别台积电后，彻底回归家庭，没事儿旅旅游、陪老婆搞搞公益、写写自传。失去华为这个大客户，张忠谋就一点也不慌？张忠谋真的不慌，甚至可以说“稳坐钓鱼台”。2019年11月，张忠谋曾对外界表示，当世界不安静，台积电将成“地缘策略家”的必争之地。台积电会成必争之地，是因为它重要到可以左右全球产业格局。在2020年6月份台积电股东大会上，有投资人提问，断供华为是否会冲击台积电？台积电董事长刘德音称“希望这件事不要发生”，但重点是后面一句，“如果真的没有海思订单，其他客户都抢着补上空缺的产能。”刘德音没说大话，在高端芯片制造领域，台积电处于绝对的“卖方”地位，排着队给台积电“送钱”的一个接一个。假如禁令解除，华为想要重新排上台积电的订单，不知道到啥时候了。余承东只好无奈地说，在全球化的过程中，华为只参与了芯片设计，并没有参与到芯片的制造、封装领域，“这是一个沉痛的教训”。惨痛的教训，在任正非76年的创业经历里有无数个，每一次都靠着自己的努力熬了过来，只是这一次，无关竞争、无关商业，就直接被特朗普政府判了死刑。张忠谋则靠着在芯片行业无可替代的地位，继续高枕无忧。没了台积电，华为却没有新芯片能够顶上，任正非又要羡慕张忠谋了。只是，命好是羡慕不来的，只能自己拼命挣，挣到一个企业掌握核心技术，不再因为另一个国家的禁令而乱了阵脚，那才是真正的命好。MORE | 更多精彩文章史上最强软件IPO：Snowflake上市首日股价暴涨111%，巴菲特押注的新硅谷造富神话来了｜海外头条2000亿的恒大汽车回A股！马云、马化腾刚入股，40亿融资交个朋友 | 撩车阿里斗腾讯，秘密运营3年终现身，蒋凡亲自坐镇，一场争夺战将开启？“00后”创业，你哪来的自信？| 知食派高瓴创始人张磊自述：管理资金突破5000亿背后的“价值投资”理念丨充电","news_type":1},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1073,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":56,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/975352014"}
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