美国关税或致药品短缺？行业警告：低利润仿制药面临停产危机

华尔街见闻2025-04-21

特朗普口中的“关税武器”，瞄准了全球仰赖的仿制药供应链。据央视新闻，美国或对进口药品征收关税。特朗普多次放话，药品可能被纳入征税范围。本周，美国商务部也宣布对药品进口是否构成“国家安全风险”启动调查。虽然流程最长期限为九个月，但商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克表示，关税或一两个月内就可能落地。这让整个仿制药行业开始紧张。要知道，仿制药承担了美国约90%的药品供应，本身利润就极其微薄，加征关税一旦成真，部分...

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Industry warning: Low-margin generic drugs face production suspension crisis","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"600079":0.9,"600267":0.9,"600276":0.9,"600521":0.9,"600613":0.9,"600624":0.9,"600664":0.9,"600774":0.9,"600789":0.9,"600812":0.9,"603168":0.9,"603207":0.9,"603229":0.9,"603351":0.9,"603538":0.9,"603669":0.9,"603676":0.9,"603707":0.9,"603811":0.9,"605116":0.9,"688076":0.9,"688166":0.9,"688247":0.9,"688321":0.9,"688356":0.9,"688506":0.9,"688513":0.9,"688566":0.9,"688578":0.9,"688758":0.9,"688799":0.9},"content_text":"特朗普口中的“关税武器”，瞄准了全球仰赖的仿制药供应链。据央视新闻，美国或对进口药品征收关税。特朗普多次放话，药品可能被纳入征税范围。本周，美国商务部也宣布对药品进口是否构成“国家安全风险”启动调查。虽然流程最长期限为九个月，但商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克表示，关税或一两个月内就可能落地。这让整个仿制药行业开始紧张。要知道，仿制药承担了美国约90%的药品供应，本身利润就极其微薄，加征关税一旦成真，部分药企或直接停产。媒体援引仿制药行业警告称，如果对药品加征关税，可能会导致关键药物短缺，包括部分抗癌药物在内的多个治疗领域都将面临冲击。一加税就可能赔钱首先，仿制药本身就不是暴利行业。这些药品都是专利过期后的平价替代品，利润微薄，还要面对激烈的全球竞争。一旦加征关税，利润空间将被进一步压缩，某些药企可能会选择干脆不生产了。美国仿制药行业协会（AAM）的负责人John Murphy表示，对一个本已在资本投资方面举步维艰的行业增加成本，注定不会奏效。如果我们现在的产品利润连成本都勉强覆盖，那未来如何筹集资金来转移产能？全球链条：断不得，也换不了更严重的是，这些仿制药，尤其是一些低价抗癌药和疫苗，几乎都产自海外。目前美国大部分仿制药产自印度和东南亚，美国很难自给自足。英国仿制药协会（BGMA）也发出警告，由于行业竞争激烈，当前药品价格已经压到极限，加税要么推高药价，要么直接断供。印度首当其冲。作为全球最大仿制药出口国之一，印度占全球仿制药出口的20%、低价疫苗供应的60%。印度仿制药企业Hetero董事长曾表示：“关税将让我们的药在美国变得更贵，市占率会被大幅蚕食。”最终反噬的，是美国自己另外，关税最终还是会反噬美国本土，推高消费者的药品支出。据荷兰银行（ING）测算，若加征25%关税，一款仿制癌症药的24周处方成本将上涨8000至10000美元。ING全球医药与医疗主管表示，没有医保的患者将首当其冲，医保覆盖的群体也可能面临更高的保费。更严重的是，一旦亏损持续扩大，部分药厂将彻底退出，可能引发更严重的药品短缺。事实上，美国药品供应紧张早已有苗头。根据美国医院药剂师协会（ASHP）的数据，去年年第一季度，全美药品短缺已达历史新高，达323种之多。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"-1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1,"need_auth":false,"code":"91000000","status":"200"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isDev":false,"isTTM":false,"tenantId":"TBCN","deviceId":"web-server-community-laohu8-v3","version":"4.36.0","shortVersion":"4.36.0","platform":"web","vendor":"web","appName":"laohu8","isIOS":false,"isAndroid":false,"isTiger":false,"isTHS":false,"isWeiXin":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"isWeiBo":false,"isQQ":false,"isBaiduSwan":false,"isBaiduBox":false,"isDingTalk":false,"isToutiao":false,"isOnePlus":false,"isHuaWei":false,"isXiaomi":false,"isXiaomiWebView":false,"isOppo":false,"isVivo":false,"isSamsung":false,"isMobile":false},"href":"/m/news/2529809163","isCrawlerRequest":true}