剥离layer2消极影响：如何让以太坊再次伟大？

链上观08-21

作者：Haotian就在我思考接下来以太坊layer2何去何从的时候，不少海外社区已经发出了“Make Ethereum L1 Great Again”的声音。确实，过去Rollup-Centric为重心的发展策略，市场把以太坊命脉过多寄托在layer2上了。倘若剥离开L1和L2，从以太坊自身性能优化视角来看又如何？1）@VitalikButerin 之前称以太坊是Rollup-Centric的...

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again?","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"03046":1,"QETH":1,"FETH":1,"EZET":1,"ETHW":1,"ETHV":1,"ETHE":1,"ETHA":1,"ETH":1,"CETH":1,"03009":1,"03179":1,"09009":1,"09046":1,"09179":1,"NVDA":0.8},"content_text":"作者：Haotian就在我思考接下来以太坊layer2何去何从的时候，不少海外社区已经发出了“Make Ethereum L1 Great Again”的声音。确实，过去Rollup-Centric为重心的发展策略，市场把以太坊命脉过多寄托在layer2上了。倘若剥离开L1和L2，从以太坊自身性能优化视角来看又如何？1）@VitalikButerin 之前称以太坊是Rollup-Centric的整体Roadmap路线图，先用坎昆升级EIP-4844来降低费率来激励layer2，又提出增加layer2之间的可交互操作能力，甚至都削弱甚至改变了原有的Sharding分片策略来支持layer2。以Rollup layer2为战略重心可以承载更高的TPS，让更多高频交易应用场景比如：游戏等能够在以太坊大生态内落地。这个发展策略其实是让出了以太坊Execution执行层角色，只提供安全、共识、结算等重要功能。毕竟，碍于EVM的数据存储结构、节点客户端硬件性能、区块大小出快速率等种种局限性，发展layer2为执行层重心肯定要优于以太坊L1自身。但当L1的gas费降到1Gwei下，L2发展暂时又不及预期的时候，就会有人思考，重新把以太坊主网作为执行层重心，仅让layer2提供锦上添花的价值如何？（潜台词：layer2自身的币价不行但不能连累到以太坊本尊。）2）不无道理，事实上除了坎昆升级直接利好layer2之外，以太坊接下来包括Verge和Purge等在内的路线图发力重心都是以太坊本身。比如：Verge升级中集成Verkle树采用“无状态客户端”来优化节点存储成本，而Fully SNARKed以太坊和ASIC硬件加速计划的引入都是为了优化存储成本，提升执行性能，进而增加以太坊L1的扩展能力。SNARKs可以大幅减少存储和传输的数据量提升验证和复杂计算的执行效率，ASIC则通过硬件性能提升来降低SNARK执行的损耗并提升执行效率。应该讲，在给layer2提供一系列的基础设施保障后，以太坊接下来的升级更多都是围绕自身链的组件性能在优化。3）然而，以太坊L1 Execution执行层能承载更多的交易和大举发展Layer2战略并不冲突。准确来说，layer2和layer1是在并行赛跑。lLayer2方面， @arbitrum 、@Starknet  、@MetisL2 、 @megaeth_labs 等都基于各自领先优势和发展侧重点在持续耕耘生态，在此不多赘述了，不过还远不到唱衰的地步，请大家多给一点耐心；layer1方面，除了以太坊接下来的几次重大围绕自身性能的升级，ZK底层框架协议和ZK硬件加速两个关键领域的技术突破也会直接助力Make L1 Great Again：比如： @ProjectZKM 基于zkMIPs微处理器指令架构做ZK通用协议，除了之前所说给比特币生态带来Bridgeless的Native资产跨链方案之外，ZK通用协议可以让以太坊作为“结算层”来接入更多同构或异构链的liquidity。这意味着，其他链都可以通过ZK协议来和以太坊链进行交互，继而给以太坊主网输入更多的关键结算交易和流动性，这自然也是强化以太坊做“Execution”的表现；又比如： @cysic_xyz 通过FPGA、GPU及ASIC等芯片级的硬件加速方案来致力ZK技术的大规模采用。作为ZK新锐和硬件加速赛道的标杆项目，Cysic目标所指正是未来以太坊的全面ZK底层化。当以太坊Fully SNARKed之后，以太坊相应节点也会强化硬件性能，硬件加速则是逃不开的选择。以上。总而言之，无论是侧重发力推进L2中心策略还是进一步优化L1性能，都不是此消彼长的对立关系，更是一种长期并存的竞合关系。短期看，layer2依然是以太坊扩展的主旋律，而长期视角看，以太坊基于ZK底层和硬件加速，作为安全共识结算层，能承载和实现的扩展能力也同样充满想象空间。以太坊不需要Great Again，以太坊一直保持Great。","kind":null,"is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"1","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":0},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; 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