史上最大碳信用订单来了

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界面新闻见习记者田鹤琪微软近日又签订了一笔碳信用订单。7月9日，能源巨头西方石油公司(Oxy)子公司1PointFive宣布与微软(Microsoft Corp.)达成协议，将在六年内向后者出售50万吨二氧化碳清除量(CDR)信用额，以支持微软的碳清除战略。该协议是迄今为止通过直接空气碳捕集(Direct Air Capture，DAC)实现的最大单笔CDR信用额度购买。CDR信用额度一种代表...

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Capture，DAC)实现的最大单笔CDR信用额度购买。CDR信用额度一种代表通过某些技术或自然过程从大气中移除二氧化碳的量的凭证，是一种可交易的许可证。西方石油是美国第四大石油和天然气生产商，也是股神巴菲特重仓的石油股。近年来，西方石油扩大了其碳管理业务，包括碳信用的销售和碳减排项目的推进。1PointFive是一家碳捕获、利用和封存(CCUS)公司，希望通过部署脱碳解决方案，帮助将全球气温上升控制在2050年前1.5°C以内。CCUS是一种减排综合性技术策略，旨在减少大气中的温室气体，以应对全球气候变化，其中重要一环是碳捕集。国际能源署(IEA)将直接空气碳捕集技术(DAC)列为向净零能源系统过渡的关键碳去除选项，该技术并不依赖于特定的工业排放源，而是利用巨大的风扇从大气中直接吸收二氧化碳，用作原材料或与储存相结合永久去除。微软的CDR信用额度将由工厂STRATOS提供支持。STRATOS是1PointFive首个工业规模的DAC设施，目前正在德克萨斯州建设中，预计这将是世界上最大的DAC设施。除了微软以外，该工厂还向亚马逊、Shopify Inc.和空客出售了碳信用额度。根据1PointFive与微软达成的新协议，CDR信用额度所捕获的二氧化碳将通过地下盐水封存安全储存，不会用于生产石油和天然气。1PointFive总裁兼总经理Michael Avery表示，如此重大的承诺进一步表明，世界上最大公司之一正将可扩展的直接空气捕获融入其净零战略，相信直接空气捕获非常适合消除残余排放并实现进一步的气候目标。微软碳去除和能源高级总监Brian Marrs认为，为了实现本世纪所需的数十亿吨碳去除量，像STRATOS这样的首创项目对于从试点走向规模至关重要。他称，DAC在微软的碳去除组合中发挥着重要作用，能够支持微软在2030年前实现碳负排放的更广泛目标。过去几年里，微软一直积极布局“碳中和”。2020年1月，其宣布了一项雄心勃勃的碳排放消减计划：微软将在2030年实现碳负排放，在2050年从环境中去除该公司自1975年成立以来直接或通过用电排放的所有碳。2023年9月，微软与初创公司Heirloom Carbon达成协议，在十年内购买价值约2亿美元的碳信用额度，相当于31.5万吨二氧化碳。今年5月，斯德哥尔摩公司Exergi宣布已与微软签署一份合同，内容涉及斯德哥尔摩公司Värtan的碳捕获和封存 (BECCS)技术，从生物能源中永久去除3.33万吨碳。BECCS（Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage）是指生物质能源结合碳捕集与封存，这是一种结合了生物质能源利用和碳捕集与封存技术的气候解决方案。上个月，微软与BTG Pactual Timberland Investment Group (TIG) 达成了一项协议，TIG将向微软提供8万个碳去除额度。这些碳信用是TIG在拉丁美洲大规模重新造林和恢复战略(ARR)的一部分。此外，微软还同意从Indigo Ag公司购买4万个农业土壤碳信用额，这是该农业公司有史以来最大的一笔个人购买。除其他DAC协议外，微软还建立了涵盖多钟解决方案和技术的碳去除组合，包括基于海洋的碳去除和基于生物炭的项目。这些碳信用交易的紧迫性也与科技公司当前技术的快速跟新息息相关。随着生成式人工智能的高速发展，算力基础设施领域的升级转型迈向了新的阶段，与高速发展的算力资源相对应的，是不断增长的能源电力消耗。7月2日，谷歌发布的一份年度环境报告中提到，该公司2023年的温室气体排放总量达到1430万吨二氧化碳当量，比2019年的基准增长48%，较2022年增长13%。谷歌表示，这一结果主要是由于数据中心的能源消耗和供应链排放的增加。同样，微软最新的可持续发展报告显示，2023年微软公司的碳排放量比2020年的基线水平增加了29.1%。微软总裁布拉德·史密斯(Brad 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