Google Cloud首次推出基于Arm的Axion云CPU

澎湃新闻04-16

Google Cloud近日详细介绍了Axion，一款基于Arm核心设计的、内部开发的CPU。Google Cloud首席执行官Thomas Kurian在美国拉斯维加斯举行的Cloud Next大会发表主题演讲时推出了这款CPU。在这次活动上，Google Cloud还宣布最新的AI加速器TPU v5p全面上市，这款芯片在处理浮点数（AI模型常用的数据单元）时性能是前身的2倍。Google ...

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Cloud debuts Arm-based Axion cloud CPU","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"ARM":1,"GOOG":1,"GOOGL":1},"content_text":"Google Cloud近日详细介绍了Axion，一款基于Arm核心设计的、内部开发的CPU。Google Cloud首席执行官Thomas Kurian在美国拉斯维加斯举行的Cloud Next大会发表主题演讲时推出了这款CPU。在这次活动上，Google Cloud还宣布最新的AI加速器TPU v5p全面上市，这款芯片在处理浮点数（AI模型常用的数据单元）时性能是前身的2倍。Google Cloud机器学习、系统和云AI副总裁Amin Vahdat在一篇博客文章中表示：“阿姆达尔定律表明，随着加速器的不断改进，通用计算将主导成本并限制我们的基础设施能力，除非我们做出相应的投资来跟上步伐。”基于Arm的架构Google Cloud尚未分享Axion架构的详细信息，例如它包含多少个核心以及板载缓存的数量。Google Cloud表示，有关该芯片设计的更多信息将于今年晚些时候公布，不过确实透露称，Axion是基于Arm Neoverse V2 CPU核心设计的。Neoverse V2是在2022年推出的，针对云数据中心和其他高性能计算环境进行了优化，速度是Arm上一代核心设计的2倍。据该芯片制造商称，这种加速的一部分原因是进行了优化，使得Neoverse V2能够更快地处理整数——许多类型计算中使用的常见数据单位。基于Neoverse V2的处理器可以配备多达256个核心和512MB缓存，还可以使用Arm最新的指令集架构ARMv9。芯片的指令集架构包括用于表达计算的机器语言和某些相关技术。Neoverse V2支持的ARMv9功能之一，是一种称为Memory Tagging Extension的网络安全机制。据Arm称，它把连接到芯片的内存分成16位段，并向每个段添加四个附加位，充当一种锁。只有有权访问内存段的应用才能通过锁定，从而降低了黑客攻击的风险。Neoverse还支持ARMv9的PDP（性能定义功率）功能，此功能可以通过降低CPU的最大性能来提高CPU的能效。定制云芯片Google Cloud在自己的数据中心内出了部署Axion处理器之外，还会部署一套名为Titanium的基础设施优化系统，它将卸载Axion处理器的一些任务，为客户工作负载留下更多计算能力。据Google Cloud称，Titanium是由三套内部开发的芯片组成的。Titanium系统使用了名为Titan的微控制器或简单处理器作为Axion的信任根。信任根是一个硬件模块，可以防止黑客在服务器启动时将恶意代码引入服务器。据 Google Cloud称，Titan还有助于保护数据中心的网络流量。Axion将把处理用户网络流量所涉及的一些计算转给名为TOP的定制芯片，该芯片也是Titanium系统的一部分。与此同时，第三个名为Titanium适配器的定制处理器也可以帮助运行为Google Cloud实例提供支持的虚拟化软件。Hyperdisk是Google Cloud的块存储服务，承担了一些原本由Axion执行的计算任务，以进一步提高性能。“Axion处理器为Web和应用服务器、容器化微服务、开源数据库、内存缓存、数据分析引擎、媒体处理、基于CPU的AI训练和推理等通用工作负载带来了巨大的性能飞跃，”Vahdat详细说道。Google Cloud表示，与竞争对手最快的Arm通用实例相比，基于Axion的实例的性能提高了30%。此外Google Cloud还承诺，与基于英特尔芯片的实例相比，处理速度提高了50%，能效提高60%。Google Cloud计划在今年晚些时候向客户提供Axion。Google Cloud还将使用该芯片为多个内部工作负载提供支持。Google已经开始重组其数据中心，在基于Arm的硬件上运行某些Google Cloud服务、YouTube广告系统和Google Earth 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