建信理财刘兴华：我国普惠财富发展将呈现哪些新趋势？

中国财富管理50...2023-12-30

2023年12月23日-24日，中国财富管理50人论坛2023年会（第十届）于深圳顺利召开。本次年会以“新发展格局下金融高质量发展之路”为主题，广泛邀请政府部门、专家学者、业界领袖展开高水平的思想交流，分享真知灼见、展望前沿趋势。建信理财原董事长刘兴华出席大会并在“普惠金融：普惠型财富管理的机遇与挑战 ”主题论坛发表演讲。刘兴华认为，目前财富增值的需求被保值的需求替代，财富管理不仅是高收入...

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China?","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":null,"symbols_score_info":{"PHCF":1},"content_text":"2023年12月23日-24日，中国财富管理50人论坛2023年会（第十届）于深圳顺利召开。本次年会以“新发展格局下金融高质量发展之路”为主题，广泛邀请政府部门、专家学者、业界领袖展开高水平的思想交流，分享真知灼见、展望前沿趋势。建信理财原董事长刘兴华\n出席大会并在“普惠金融：\n普惠型财富管理的机遇与挑战\n”主题论坛发表演讲。\n刘兴华认为，目前财富增值的需求被保值的需求替代，财富管理不仅是高收入阶层的追求，也正在成为普通人的正常追求。中国财富管理呈现出由强调收益转向强调安全、由价值创造转向管理风险、高收入家庭由国内市场转向全球配置、由不动产转向金融资产的新特点。中国财富市场面临三大转变，一是打破刚性兑付为主转向本金安全为主；二是资管产品期限由拉长转向缩短；三是投资者教育转向消费者保护。未来普惠财富呈现五大趋势：一是银行理财可以承担更多的普惠财富责任；二是\n普惠财富产品要考虑四要素：风险低、净值稳、流动好，期限适中；三是普惠财富管理的结构应该简单，让一般民众看得懂；四是普惠财富管理的机制要跟上；五是普惠财富管理的金融监管需要持续加强。\n\n\n\n百年未有之大变局每一天都在影响着我们每一个人。即便我们是全世界最安全最幸福的国度，经济持续增长，没有通货膨胀，没有战争，没有动荡。但随着世界的变化，普通人日复一日的心理也发生着日积月累的变化。一个普遍感受到的现象就是消费收缩，消费降级。企业扩大再生产动能下降，劳动力再生产动能下降。人对财富的安全担忧上升，收入增长预期下降。\n这种形势下，财富增值需求被保值需求替代。金融机构，尤其财富和资产管理机构从关注高净值人群，转向普通人群的普惠理财。为更多一般客户提供低风险稳健的财富产品成为共识。人民的、大众的、普惠的金融理念加速形成。财富管理从旧时王谢堂前燕，以普惠的方式飞入寻常百姓家。财富管理不仅是高收入阶层的追求，也是普通人的正常追求。\n第一，财富管理呈现新特点。\n一是由强调收益转向强调安全。\n安全就是保值，保值成为财富管理的第一需求。收益就是增值，增值需求已经降到第二位。有很多的财富管理产品并不能保证增值，甚至不能保证本金安全。\n二是由价值创造转向管理风险。\n创造价值固然很重要，但由于金融市场震荡，股票基金信托和民间财富公司都很难再创造新价值，反而是本金折损，更多产品收益为负，使得管理风险成为财富资管机构第一位的工作。\n三是高收入家庭由国内市场转向全球配置。\n美元资产与人民币资产收益差距拉大后，以及国际政治经济格局快速演变，更多的高收入家庭更多的资产进行全球配置。香港、新加坡、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚、美国都是他们的方向。\n四是由不动产转向金融资产。\n房屋市场供求关系逆转后，投资性购买房屋，也就是那些不需要住房的人，将财富配置到金融资产中去,这也是过去我们一直分析中国居民财富大多放在房地产领域。今年以后的时间，更多的资产配置到金融资产，这也是为财富管理提供了资金来源。\n第二，财富管理市场发生变化。\n一是由打破刚性兑付为主转向本金安全为主\n。经过这几年，特别今年以来资本市场与住房市场的下行，财富管理的刚性兑付已经打破。追求本金安全成为投资机构与投资人的共同追求。增值期望进一步降低成保值。高收益期望不复存在。\n二是资管产品期限由拉长转向缩短。\n一直以来推动财富管理长期化的产品设计，被客户的短期需求而改变。从市场表现看，过去两年以上不达标的产品比比皆是，而一年以内的产品反而收益达标率高。主要原因是短期限资产能够及时变现，长期限资产难以出手。尤其所谓为市场提供长期限资金不能实现。\n三是投资者教育转向消费者保护。\n过去那种以为投资者需要教育的想法，被投资者权益需要保护所取代。毕竟投亏的责任不能推给投资者。买者自负向卖者有责和投者负责转变。\n第三，资产管理行业出现分化。\n一是\n财富管理核心在于募资，募资在于分销责任和转移风险。\n资产管理的核心在于投资，投资意味着承担责任和管理风险。资产管理更难。中国的商业银行普遍追求财富管理银行，很少追求资产管理银行，原因可能在于此。商业银行也追求托管业务，托管业务更是中间业务，是小责任低风险的工作。\n二是\n资产管理机构靠投研投资生存，而这几年无论如何研究和投资都无法对抗市场趋势，改变不了投资收益下降的局面。资产管理更让人觉得难度加大，充满风险。\n三是\n当普惠财富管理需求提出来时，资管的普惠化也是需要研究的课题和转变的重点。没有普惠的资管，就难有普惠的财富。为谁管理风险和为谁投资保值，对资产管理者的价值取向提出新挑战。\n四是\n资产管理机构，在重新思考市场目标定位问题。在规模和质量之间越来越倾向于质量，在风险与稳健之间，越来越倾向于稳健。然而质量与稳健谈何容易？当说放弃规模时，质量不一定会提高，反而可能会降低。常常是规模增长时，质量\n同时才会提高。量的合理增长与质的有效提升可能是需要动态平衡总体把握的！\n五是\n与基金股票相比，银行理财等资管产品是不能交易的。不可交易的理财、信托、保险等产品等，当客户发现收益下降时，是无法主动转让出售的，只能赎回或持有到期。客户无力自行了结。而基金股票，则可以买卖结清止损。因此，那些不能交易的财富产品具有更大的兑付责任压力。这类公司的投资经理与基金公司的投资经理最大不同就是当产品破净时，前者更加夜不能寐。\n六是\n建设金融强国的短板主要在资产管理，我们的支付金融、借贷金融、交易金融其实都不弱，弱就弱在资产管理。而这是资产管理的金融复合能力问题。\n七是\n财富管理与资产管理领域的知识普及、技术培训、文化建设、道德操守还任重道远。不仅很多人员不懂得财富与资产管理，很多金融从业者对财富和资产管理也是一知半解，神秘化与妖魔化财富管理与资产管理。财富与资产管理领域，还出现了不能出现的心脑血管病症。\n第四，普惠财富方兴未艾。\n一是银行理财可以承担更多的普惠财富责任。\n目前最可靠的财富管理有两种，一个是银行存款，另一个是银行理财。从文化、从特色、从信用背景、从过往表现，都可以看出银行理财最具普惠潜质。理财已经为超一亿的客户理财，并且每年创造近万亿的收益。这是其他财富管理产品达不到的。\n二是普惠财富产品要考虑四要素：风险低、净值稳、流动好，期限适中。\n一年以内为主，不要太长。策略以绝对收益和本金安全为主。投资资产以高评级固收类资产为主。不能投低评级资产。不可轻易投资股权类资产。普惠财富管理的收益不能高，高则有风险。从历史上看，银行理财是最稳健的普惠特征明显的产品。虽有净值波动，但还没有像股票基金信托等那样巨大的本金亏损。比较起来是比较稳健的投资选择。\n三是普惠财富产品结构要简单。\n让一般民众看得懂，不可太复杂。金融产品过于复杂让人看不懂、看不透，导致监管困难、隐藏风险。当然也不能过于简单，简单不能屏蔽风险，容易被突破。普惠财富投后管理和投资者关怀尤其需要更加细致。涉及千家万户的财富，责任很大！\n四是普惠财富管理风险机制要跟上。\n不可交易的财富管理产品，对背后的资产，需要完善风险转让制度安排，设计风险出清路径，建立风险转移机制，明确风险化解原则。这几个方面需要理论指导和实践突破。\n五是普惠财富管理金融监管需持续加强。\n财富管理是跨市场、跨机构、跨国界、超视距的。对财富管理产品的监管和对财富管理机构的监管，有许多领域需要持续推进！\n（本文仅代表作者观点，不代表论坛立场。）\n责任编辑：\n张柯柯\n.rich_media_content{color:#000000e5;font-size:17px;font-size:var(--articleFontsize);overflow:hidden;text-align:justify}.rich_media_content{color:#ffffffa6;color:var(--weui-FG-HALF)}.rich_media_content{position:relative;z-index:0}.data_color_scheme_dark{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: 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