OpenAI+微软，一场貌合神离的科技联姻

常嘉帅2023-06-14

OpenAI和微软——一家掌控着世界上最先进AI大模型的明星独角兽，和一家市值超两万亿美元的科技巨头——堪称如今科技界互利共赢的典范：微软用一百多亿美元的投资，赚来了在AI浪潮中抢跑的机会和向投资者吹嘘的权利；OpenAI则抱上了Azure的大腿，在烧钱烧算力的大模型赛道上吃穿不愁。但华尔街日报最新的一则报道显示，二者的联姻，实际远不如看起来那么甜蜜，微软和OpenAI的合作背后，同样充满了微妙的...

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潘多拉的魔音盒
2023-06-14
潘多拉的魔音盒
二极管肯定没法理解这种复杂的现象。

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Sales功能雷同。此外，在微软铆足力气试图与在搜索引擎市场与谷歌PK之际，OpenAI则在暗戳戳给微软使绊子。华尔街日报援引知情人士消息称，在过去12个月内，除了微软的Bing，OpenAI还和其他搜索引擎公司进行了接触，讨论其产品授权问题。3月份，搜索引擎DuckDuckGo推出了AI搜索辅助DuckAssist，背后的技术正来自于OpenAI。The Information此前还报道称，OpenAI有时会扣留一些先进技术，迫使客户必须绕开微软，从它这里获得授权。例如，3月1日，OpenAI开始出售其语音识别模型Whisper的使用权，但当时Azure的AI套件里还没有这项服务；此外，在GPT-4发布之前，Duolingo和Stripe已经从OpenAI那里购买了这项技术的授权，而Azure的客户则需要排队等待。两家公司之间这种微妙的紧张状态，也可以从销售的话术中窥见。微软内部文件显示，它要求销售人员向客户强调Azure能提供与OpenAI相同的全部功能，且更适合企业客户，而OpenAI的授权则“企业级功能有限”，“安全/隐私功能较少”。从招聘信息来看，也不难发现OpenAI的小心思。去年6月，OpenAI聘请了前WalkMe副总裁Aliisa Rosenthal为其销售主管，又在今年2月聘请了前Stripe销售主管James Dyett为其战略客户主管。这意味着OpenAI正在积极准备与大企业客户取得联系——这正是微软Azure的腹地。联姻不连心：微软为规避反垄断审查，仅持有49%的OpenAI股份两家明面上密切合作的公司，之所以会存在暗地里的紧张对立，主要是因为OpenAI和微软特殊的合作关系。2019年迄今，微软对OpenAI进行了一百多亿美元的投资，并且允许后者免费使用Azure提供的算力。条件是，在微软的投资能够回本之前，微软享有OpenAI利润的75%，并且并在一定上限内获得随后利润的49%。从纸面上来看，这笔投资给微软带来的回报丰厚：在上半年的AI热潮中，微软市值从2022年年底的1.79万亿美元，暴涨近7000亿美元，到如今2.48万亿美元。然而，实质上，OpenAI的技术并不属于微软，微软对OpenAI也不具备直接的控制权。据华尔街日报报道，为了规避反垄断审查，微软仅持有OpenAI49%的股份。OpenAI几乎保持着完全独立运作。微软内部仅有少数团队可以接触到GPT系列大模型的其代码库和模型权重等核心信息，对微软的大多数员工而言，OpenAI和其他外部供应商区别不大。在大科技公司对初创企业的投资中，这种状况非常罕见。一般来说，大公司在收购或投资创企后，要么完全整合双方团队，要么会彻底吸收后者的技术。很少会有OpenAI这样被投企业反过来和自己的资方竞争的。微软员工质疑ChatGPT抢了New Bing的风头，而OpenAI曾建议微软晚一点儿再推出New Bing在最核心的AI聊天机器人产品上，两家公司也不是一条心。去年11月，当OpenAI开始公开测试ChatGPT时，微软团队当时还正在忙于将GPT整合到Bing搜索引擎中。据华尔街日报报道，一些微软员工认为OpenAI发布ChatGPT的时机太早了，会“抢了New Bing的风头”。等到今年微软正式推出New 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