抢芯片、抢稀土大战上演，全球供应链危机短期“无解”

21世纪经济报道2021-09-26

困扰全球的供应链问题正愈演愈烈。在美国加州洛杉矶和长滩港外，近期有73艘巨型货柜船等候入港。如果将船上装载的货柜以头尾相接的方式排成一排，长度足以横跨半个美国。供应链危机由此可见一斑，在全球范围内，抢芯片、抢稀土、抢镍等一系列争夺之战正轮番上演…… 供应链危机愈演愈烈供应链问题已经让全球陷入混乱。根据美国南加州海事交易所统计，洛杉矶港和长滩港外近期有73艘货柜船等候入港，几乎是一个月前的两倍...

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Moonchj
2021-09-26
Moonchj
wow
60fe72a9
2021-09-26
60fe72a9
赞
- Yuyi:
  Ok
AdelineLing
2021-09-26
AdelineLing
ok
- 60fe72a9:
  ok
CalvinChong
2021-09-26
CalvinChong
注意
- Ylychg:
  Ok

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war of grabbing chips and grabbing rare earths was staged, and the global supply chain crisis was \"unsolvable\" in the short term","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/213afc08cc39711899e1e8cc92831260","symbols_score_info":{"159715":0.9,"159813":0.9},"content_text":"困扰全球的供应链问题正愈演愈烈。\n在美国加州洛杉矶和长滩港外，近期有73艘巨型货柜船等候入港。如果将船上装载的货柜以头尾相接的方式排成一排，长度足以横跨半个美国。\n供应链危机由此可见一斑，在全球范围内，抢芯片、抢稀土、抢镍等一系列争夺之战正轮番上演……\n供应链危机愈演愈烈\n供应链问题已经让全球陷入混乱。根据美国南加州海事交易所统计，洛杉矶港和长滩港外近期有73艘货柜船等候入港，几乎是一个月前的两倍，创下有史以来最高“塞船”纪录。而在新冠疫情发生前，一艘以上货柜船等待进入加州港都属于“不寻常景象”。\n对此美国玩具工业协会警告称，加州港口危机可能会影响年底购物季，美国每年销售30亿件玩具，其中85%来自中国。多家玩具企业已表示，今年玩具产品将缺货，许多小孩在圣诞节无法得到他们想要的礼物。\n港口官员已经表示，“塞船”情况可能一路持续到2022年夏天。加州长滩港执行董事柯德洛（Mario Cordero）指出，“我不认为塞船情况会有所改善，许多人甚至表示会一路塞到2022年夏季。”\n“我们来不及将所有货物送到国内供应链。如果要准备今年的圣诞节礼物，最好现在就开始采买。”洛杉矶港执行董事塞洛卡（Gene Seroka）坦言。\n供应链问题已经让众多行业遭遇巨大冲击。在最早遭受冲击的芯片行业，“抢芯大战”正愈演愈烈。市场分析机构Susquehanna Financial Group发布的研究报告显示，8月份芯片交付等待时间相较此前一个月再度延长6天，达到了史无前例的约21周，这是该公司自2017年开始跟踪该数据以来的最长等待时间。\n抢镍大战也在火热进行。两大矿业巨头福雷斯特和必和必拓已经展开了一场异常激烈的角逐——抢夺加拿大镍矿商Noront Resources。在全球碳中和的背景下，发展新能源汽车是各国减排行动的重要一环，而制作动力电池需要大量消耗镍、铜、锂、锌等金属原材料。\n此外，全球对稀土的争夺战也已经开始。欧洲车企正与澳洲稀土勘探商Arafura商议直接原料供应。Arafura首席财务官Peter Sherrington表示，我们已经与欧洲汽车制造商就直接原料供应进行了接触，预计将在年底前达成协议。目前Arafura正在澳大利亚开发一个价值10亿澳元（7.28亿美元）的诺兰稀土项目，该项目预计能满足全球稀土需求的10%。\n值得一提的是，在全球对稀土日益关注之际，中国稀土行业也迎来重磅消息。中国铝业集团有限公司、中国五矿集团有限公司、赣州市人民政府等正在筹划相关稀土资产的战略性重组。稀土战略重组有利于行业集中度的进一步提升，将进一步提高国内稀土资源的议价权。\n巨大冲击短期“无解”\n在供应链问题愈演愈烈之际，全球各地的企业和消费者已经遭遇巨大冲击。\n受供应链问题拖累，9月23日，美国知名仓储式连锁店Costco（好市多）首席财务官理查德·加兰蒂（Richard Galanti）表示，正在对包括清瓶装水、卫生纸等关键商品实行限购。\n此外，英国石油公司24日表示，因卡车司机短缺导致成品汽油运输困难，已暂时关闭英国国内部分加油站。公司在英国各地约有1200家自有品牌加油站，眼下将优先向高速公路服务区、主干道和高需求站点供油。\n需要注意的是，除了疫情、飓风等“天灾”，卡车司机等劳动力严重短缺也加重了供应链危机，各行业供应商们不得不直面“用工荒”的难题。\n一位英国留学生对21世纪经济报道记者表示，目前英国的供应短缺几乎已经渗入到每一个行业，从鸡肉到奶昔，再到床垫等生活用品，现在就连燃料也很短缺，短期内预计无法解决。\n英国食品与饮料联合会行业协会（FDF）首席执行官伊恩·赖特（Ian Wright）表示，英国的食品供应链中劳动力短缺严重影响了食品和饮料制造商，“我们迫切需要英国政府对现状进行全面调查，以了解最紧迫的问题”。\n与此同时，中国的出口企业也面临供应链问题带来的挑战。华东一位玩具出口企业负责人向21世纪经济报道记者坦言，“目前海外对产品的需求很旺盛，但今年的出口其实也面临巨大挑战。航运价格上涨和海外港口拥堵影响不小，正在影响出口新订单，这样的局面预计还会持续一段时间。”\n从“比惨”的角度来看，最先遭遇供应链冲击的汽车行业无疑处于风暴的中心。9月23日咨询公司Alixpartners表示，由于供应链中断，全球汽车制造商今年可能损失2100亿美元的收入，几乎是今年年初预测损失规模1100亿美元的两倍。\nAlixpartners还强调，半导体短缺其实只是问题的一部分，钢材和塑料树脂等商品的高价和供应紧张正在推高成本，迫使汽车制造商减产。美国主要港口的货物积压，正阻碍汽车制造商进口更多塑料树脂和钢材。\n面对日益严重的供应问题，美国、欧洲、中国等众多国家和地区已经纷纷开始行动。23日美国商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多（Gina 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