16万的特斯拉加上刀片电池，不给其他车企留活路了？

未来汽车Daily2021-08-10

在新能源市场上一骑绝尘的特斯拉正在试图跑得更快。近日，有媒体报道称，比亚迪即将于明年第二季度向特斯拉供应刀片电池，目前配有刀片电池的特斯拉车型已进入C样测试阶段。尽管双方都对该消息表示“不予置评”，但种种迹象还是指向特斯拉计划推出的更为平价版的全新车型。此前，特斯拉中国总裁朱晓彤在接受采访时透露，称特斯拉正在研发一款面向大众市场的车型，预计起售价在人民币16万元左右。而受此消息影响，比亚迪...

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3标准续航版使用的便是宁德时代的磷酸铁锂电池。\n而如今的马斯克，也愈发表现出对于磷酸铁锂电池的青睐。\n不久前，特斯拉CEO马斯克在财报后的电话会透露，未来在特斯拉的电池构成上，将使用2/3的磷酸铁锂电池和1/3的镍电池。使用更多磷酸铁锂电池的信号，和马斯克要令电池中的镍含量不断上升，钴含量不断下降紧密相关。\n除此之外，特斯拉还在自研电池。2020年，在特斯拉电池日上，马斯克对外发布了全新动力电池——全新的无极耳4680电池，这种电池的成本低、充电快、续航长。而当时和电池一起发布的，还有特斯拉对于未来电动车提出的新目标，更低的电芯和电池组成本，以及更便宜的车型。\n但马斯克在不久前表示，现在4680电池还太少，特斯拉还需要多造一些，对其进行充分验证。他解释称，“此时如果盲目地把新电池装车、并大规模量产，这种做法是不可靠的。毕竟小规模试制和大规模量产是两码事，特斯拉还没那么着急。”\n不过对于急于继续扩大产能，降低成本的特斯拉来说，市场并不等人。特斯拉需要选定更适合的供应商，在降本的同时增加对供应商的议价权。而比亚迪的“刀片电池”就是基于这个逻辑和特斯拉传出“绯闻”。\n对于特斯拉来说，其江湖地位已经无需证明。截至今年6月，2021年上半年特斯拉累计交付38.6万辆新车，其中Model 3更是凭借单车销量24万辆的成绩，成为全球新能源销量最高的单一车型。\n但为了进一步抢占市场刺激销量，特斯拉还在全方位地把价格打下来。7月30日，特斯拉Model 3再一次降价，标准续航升级版车型价格下调了1.5万元，补贴后起售价为23.59万元人民币，而这已经是特斯拉Model 3入华以来的第5次降价调整。\nModel 3的价格究竟能降到多少，特斯拉还能推出多便宜的车型，也成为行业里经久不衰的话题。除了其零部件国产化率的不断提升，人们自然而然地将目光瞄准了在三电系统中占据近40%成本的电池。\n值得注意的是，根据中国汽车动力电池产业创新联盟公布的数据显示，2021年5月，我国磷酸铁锂电池月产量首次超过了三元锂电池。截至2020年年底，我国三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池的产量占比还分别为58.1%和41.4%。\n2\n比亚迪能否拿下特斯拉？\n2020年3月，比亚迪正式发布刀片电池，并最先搭载在新能源旗舰轿车“汉EV”上。之后，主打安全牌的汉EV也在市场上收获颇丰，在上市一年的时间里，累计销量超过10万辆。根据最新的公告显示，比亚迪全系纯电汽车都已换装“刀片电池”。\n当前新能源车采用的电池主要有三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池。而这两种电池也对应着不同的市场定位，三元锂电池能量密度高，续航里程更长，但安全性和循环寿命相对劣势。成本更低的磷酸铁锂电池，虽然安全性、抗衰退能力相对有优势，但能量密度偏低，续航里程也相对更短。\n而比亚迪采用了新型磷酸铁锂技术的“刀片电池”在问世时，就声称要解决电池续航和安全不可兼得的难题。按照其官方介绍，刀片电池的续航里程不仅能达到三元锂电池的同等水平，还顺利通过了令后者望而生畏的“针刺测试”。\n行业人士告诉未来汽车日报，“刀片电池听上去玄乎其神，实际上它只是在结构上的一种创新，并不是电池材料的突破。它将电芯做得更长、更薄，类似于刀片一样，通过优化结构重新设计布局来提升能量密度。”\n不过，这种结构创新已经带来足够的优势。“比亚迪刀片电池的体积能量密度比传统磷酸铁锂电池提升50%，已经能够和普通三元锂电池媲美，安全性极高。并且，刀片电池的成本下降了20%-30%，这是对车企来说更为在意的东西”，上述人士表示。\n光大证券曾分析称，宁德时代CTP磷酸铁锂电池包的成本为0.57元/Wh，行业平均磷酸铁锂电池成本0.65元/Wh，而比亚迪刀片电池的成本为0.42元/Wh，相较宁德时代成本降低0.15元/Wh。这对于“价格屠夫”特斯拉而言，无疑极具吸引力。\n2019年，为了进一步加快新能源汽车核心零部件的对外销售，比亚迪宣布成立弗迪系列公司，弗迪电池、弗迪动力、弗迪科技等五家公司，而刀片电池就来自比亚迪旗下的弗迪电池，是弗迪电池的动力电池业务板块的最重要产品。\n弗迪电池的前身比亚迪锂电池有限公司，早前弗迪电池相关人员接受未来汽车日报采访时就曾表示，“弗迪电池成立之初是因为市场足够大，早期会以供给比亚迪产品为主，但长期来看会面向全球车企接受动力电池订单，虽然都是比亚迪旗下，但弗迪系各公司之间的利润都是独立核算的，也不排除单独上市的可能。”\n与此同时，比亚迪还在不断提升产能。根据比亚迪的规划，今年会继续推进扩大重庆弗迪刀片电池生产线，随着弗迪电池在长沙、贵阳的工厂的正式投产，今年底刀片电池总产能将达到75GWh，2022年底产能将进一步攀升至100GWh。\n8月5日，比亚迪又在安徽芜湖成立了一家新电池公司，命名为“无为弗迪电池有限公司“，注册资本为5000万元，主要用于生产电池。这一动作也指向比亚迪为了对外供应做准备。\n事实上，随着刀片电池经过市场验证，不断有其他车企寻求与比亚迪合作。\n7月14日，长春市政府、中国一汽集团以及比亚迪公司共同签署了新能源动力电池项目投资合作协议，将在长春建设先进的动力电池工厂，未来将会由该动力电池工厂向一汽集团旗下的车型提供动力电池。\n比亚迪集团副总裁兼弗迪电池董事长何龙曾表示：“几乎你能想到的所有汽车品牌，都在和我们探讨基于刀片电池技术的合作方案。”\n参照特斯拉国产后换装宁德时代磷酸铁锂的案例，当电池成本下降，产品的价格也会因此而下调，随之而来的好处就是提升产品性价比，赢得更大的市场份额。\n而对于比亚迪而言，特斯拉巨大的销量，无疑会给其电池业务收获更大的市场。","kind":null,"is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":false,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1},"commentList":[{"id":892889115,"gmtCreate":1628647986537,"gmtModify":1633745399909,"author":{"id":"3580972018907173","authorId":"3580972018907173","authorIdStr":"3580972018907173","name":"股海摩西","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b4b3b2e60ed720da92ef4a446dcdaaf4","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3580972018907173"},"htmlText":"猛","listText":"猛","text":"猛","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/892889115","repostId":2158452454,"repostType":2,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":5490196,"gmtCreate":1628647996882,"gmtModify":1635154647850,"authorId":3580972018907173,"author":{"id":3580972018907173,"authorId":3580972018907173,"name":"股海摩西","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b4b3b2e60ed720da92ef4a446dcdaaf4","vip":1,"crmLevel":4,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":892889115,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"猛","text":"猛","html":"猛"}],"langContent":"CN"},{"id":896425329,"gmtCreate":1628602532161,"gmtModify":1633745826801,"author":{"id":"3572216943483303","authorId":"3572216943483303","authorIdStr":"3572216943483303","name":"benbenboo","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/47a200d956b40b602e1986a85842d8aa","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3572216943483303"},"htmlText":"🧐","listText":"🧐","text":"🧐","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/896425329","repostId":2158452454,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"EN"},{"id":896481362,"gmtCreate":1628601348856,"gmtModify":1633745843389,"author":{"id":"3575949053778392","authorId":"3575949053778392","authorIdStr":"3575949053778392","name":"SDLiuSG","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/00bc0903e8bbdc107f07a92f947eccbe","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3575949053778392"},"htmlText":"Great","listText":"Great","text":"Great","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/896481362","repostId":2158452454,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":5484052,"gmtCreate":1628601366299,"gmtModify":1635155192651,"authorId":3575949053778392,"author":{"id":3575949053778392,"authorId":3575949053778392,"name":"SDLiuSG","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/00bc0903e8bbdc107f07a92f947eccbe","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":896481362,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"competitor","text":"competitor","html":"competitor"}],"langContent":"EN"},{"id":896499699,"gmtCreate":1628599286011,"gmtModify":1633745860913,"author":{"id":"3585552208615613","authorId":"3585552208615613","authorIdStr":"3585552208615613","name":"今晚打老鼠屎","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwi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