苹果称2年内摆脱英特尔，自研芯片热潮缘何而起？

物联网智库2021-08-04

8月3日，谷歌及谷歌母公司Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai在推特晒出了谷歌自研芯片Tensor。据劈柴哥介绍，谷歌定制的Tensor芯片历时4年打造，是谷歌Pixel系列史上最伟大的创新，它将会被应用到今年秋季发布的谷歌Pixel 6和谷歌Pixel 6 Pro上。有媒体报道称，谷歌自研芯片Tensor代号为Whitechapel，可能由三星代工生产。无独有偶，就在距离苹果...

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Kymkwwlf
2021-08-04
Kymkwwlf
牛🐮
阿昌_2030
2021-08-04
阿昌_2030
很多
CHEWYEE
2021-08-04
CHEWYEE
好
Arvinking
2021-08-04
Arvinking
创新

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Osterloh在接受采访时表示，谷歌要利用这颗自研芯片彻底改变智能机，为未来增强现实和人工智能等新技术的应用打下重要基础。\n换言之，谷歌之所以推出自研芯片，一定程度上是看中了AR与AI在手机端的巨大发展空间，并将利用Tensor芯片重新“盘活”自家手机业务。所以，谷歌在设计Tensor芯片时主要考虑到了其在AI和机器学习方面的用途。\n据介绍，谷歌的Tensor处理器是一个完整的片上系统SoC，有望大幅改进手机上的照片以及视频处理，并能够更快、更准确地实现语音转换和离线翻译等功能。除了集成了传统的CPU、GPU以及图像信号处理器之外，该系统还包含了一个运行人工智能应用程序的专用ASIC芯片，从而能够在手机本地上处理更多信息，而不必将数据发送到云端。\n据研究机构Gartner分析师盛陵海介绍：“ASIC是谷歌芯片系统中最核心的部件，能够提供差异化的竞争，实现目前难以实现的一些手机功能。”\n\n苹果 M1 芯片\n相较于谷歌，苹果的自研芯片已经取得了一定的落地成果：手机端，iPhone早已开始使用A系列自研芯片，目前已迭代到了A14；电脑端，苹果从去年开始在Mac上使用M1自研电脑芯片，并计划于2022年完成从英特尔到全自研芯片平台的过渡。\n此外，根据研究机构Moor Insights创始人Patrick Moorhead出示的数据，苹果公司将在每一块自研芯片上节省150美元至200美元的成本。长此以往，自研芯片也将为企业节省部分成本。\n但对于谷歌、苹果这样的大型科技公司而言，看中的显然不是节省的“蝇头小利”。如何针对企业自身的软件能力研发定制化的芯片，从而更好的发挥系统功能才是关键，所以，英特尔、高通等“普适版”芯片便逐渐力不从心。\nGartner研究总监Jon Erensen就曾表示，英特尔等传统芯片厂商在过去两年中面临着一些挑战，这些挑战为基于Arm的芯片设计进入市场提供了一个很好的发展窗口期，苹果、谷歌等公司都是基于Arm架构最好的芯片设计者。\n然而，有别于苹果的完全割裂，高通仍然表示，未来将继续与谷歌密切合作，开发基于其骁龙平台的产品。\nISP成国内造芯热门赛道\n转向国内市场，在全球缺芯阴霾的笼罩下，国内造芯热潮持续走高，前有华为海思、小米、百度昆仑、阿里平头哥等先行者，后有OPPO、vivo、腾讯等也已经开始布局。究其原因，除了全球范围内的芯片短缺所造成的成本提升及产能影响外，最根本原因便是企业希望尽早摆脱国外芯片产业链掣肘，加速实现自主可控。\n曾经，华为在麒麟芯片的加持下几近问鼎全球手机市场王座，但一路的高歌猛进却在美国芯片禁令生效后节节败退，如今，国内智能手机市场已重新洗牌，局势大变——vivo在今年第二季度登上了中国市场销售冠军的宝座，OPPO、小米、Apple以及荣耀位列第二到第五。华为作为曾经国内第一的智能手机品牌，如今已经“沦落”至“其他”这一统计项目中。\n\n图片来源：IDC\n华为日前发布的P50系列尽管从外观到性能方面都无可挑剔，却仍旧无法重获5G加持，个中缘由不言而喻。华为的前车之鉴无疑为其他国内手机厂商敲响警钟，但就目前来看，小米、OPPO、vivo造芯与华为不同，都同样选择了从ISP（Image Signal Processing 图像信号处理器）起步。\n如今，影像赛道已升级为手机品牌差异化竞逐的主战场。首先，作为手机影像功能核心元件之一，ISP直接影响传感器支持的像素，决定了对焦、成像速度、图像画质，色彩偏好等，在手机厂商尚无法在主芯片领域有所突破的情况下，ISP便成为了提升手机影像能力差异化的关键；其次，独立的ISP芯片本身并不需要非常先进的制程，也具有较为成熟的公用IP，可以与各家手机厂商积累的自研算法有效结合，并能较快实现落地，显然比技术门槛高、资金投入大的基带处理器更适合作为入局芯片产业的敲门砖。\n所以，国内手机厂商自研芯片大多以ISP为起点，不涉及5G等“敏感”技术的同时兼顾商业价值与易操作性，且投入风险较小。正如Gartner研究副总裁盛陵海曾说，目前手机厂商的芯片部门正处于队伍搭建、技术方案磨合之中，从IoT等小芯片方面入手，逐渐积累芯片设计能力会是一个比较实际的选择。\n写在最后\n随着资金与技术的积累，越来越多的终端厂商开始入局芯片设计领域，加速构建自己的片上系统SoC，从而达到目前市场上已有芯片无法实现的效果。于国内厂商而言，除了技术与性能层面的需求外，仍旧肩负着我国芯片产业自主可控的使命，但这显然也并不是智能手机厂商可以凭一己之力完成的，幸而在政策的大力推动下，我国半导体产业迎来了前所未有的发展机遇与市场环境，产业链上下正在加速推进自主可控，实现突围。","kind":"highlight","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":true,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1},"commentList":[{"id":807755774,"gmtCreate":1628061663198,"gmtModify":1633753940833,"author":{"id":"3583053751634349","authorId":"3583053751634349","name":"Kymkwwlf","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3583053751634349","authorIdStr":"3583053751634349"},"htmlText":"牛🐮","listText":"牛🐮","text":"牛🐮","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/807755774","repostId":2156179174,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":807767778,"gmtCreate":1628059683494,"gmtModify":1633753949918,"author":{"id":"3570770516249448","authorId":"3570770516249448","name":"阿昌_2030","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/1bb16efddca9c24e7879d5ff342d6aaa","vip":1,"crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3570770516249448","authorIdStr":"3570770516249448"},"htmlText":"很多","listText":"很多","text":"很多","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/807767778","repostId":2156179174,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":807714071,"gmtCreate":1628057402393,"gmtModify":1631891526509,"author":{"id":"3585489254246862","authorId":"3585489254246862","name":"CHEWYEE","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/fdea465dfc09b9e189354cbc8ae5bfa9","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3585489254246862","authorIdStr":"3585489254246862"},"htmlText":"好","listText":"好","text":"好","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/807714071","repostId":2156179174,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":807797097,"gmtCreate":1628055822019,"gmtModify":1633753974228,"author":{"id":"3577656998253578","authorId":"3577656998253578","name":"Arvinking","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bd889b0fd086cfc0612cc6f6de5010c9","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3577656998253578","authorIdStr":"3577656998253578"},"htmlText":"创新","listText":"创新","text":"创新","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/807797097","repostId":2156179174,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"}],"isCommentEnd":false,"newsSizeData":{"likeSize":20,"commentSize":4,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false},"APP":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 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