马斯克要复活恐龙？乌龙还差不多

量子位2021-05-15

马斯克又搞出大新闻了。这一次，还是因为他投资的脑机接口公司Neuralink。这两天，Neuralink联合创始人马克斯·霍达克（Max Hodak）的一条推文被送上了热搜：什么？《侏罗纪公园》要成真了？这个消息一出，吃瓜群众们都嗨皮了起来，火速进行围观。可这事儿，我怎么越看越诡异…… 本尊就比较“迷” 首先，马克斯·霍达克这条推文是在4月初发出来的，压根不是新消息。并且在发完这条...

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精彩评论

海星辰
2021-05-15
海星辰
马斯克已经找到七粒龙珠
Daniel_bao
2021-05-15
Daniel_bao
哈哈哈哈
- Zongzi_xin:
  不错，加油 [微笑] [微笑]
godzilla
2021-05-15
godzilla
我要复活秦始皇
godzilla
2021-05-15
godzilla
哈哈h
SDLiuSG
2021-05-15
SDLiuSG
期盼侏罗纪公园现实版😅
风水轮流转该我了
2021-05-15
风水轮流转该我了
我要复活孙悟空
- 赤耳三皮:
  哈哈

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Oolong is similar","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f41c75d78974929402f0daf7f641c4e6","symbols_score_info":{"TSLA":0.9},"content_text":"马斯克又搞出大新闻了。\n这一次，还是因为他投资的脑机接口公司Neuralink。\n这两天，Neuralink联合创始人马克斯·霍达克（Max Hodak）的一条推文被送上了热搜：\n\n\n什么？《侏罗纪公园》要成真了？\n这个消息一出，吃瓜群众们都嗨皮了起来，火速进行围观。\n可这事儿，我怎么越看越诡异……\n本尊就比较“迷”\n首先，马克斯·霍达克这条推文是在4月初发出来的，压根不是新消息。\n并且在发完这条推文后一个月，他就已经从Neuralink辞职了……\n5月2日，马克斯·霍达克在社交平台上宣布了自己离职的消息：截至目前，离职原因和接班人，公司都还没公布。\n而且就在这条推文下，霍达克还回应了自己离职的原因不是因为侏罗纪公园。不过离开自己创立的公司，也是因吹斯听。\n不如我们来看看这个霍达克是什么来头：马克斯·霍达克于2012年本科毕业于杜克大学，学的是生物医学工程。\n期间，他曾在杜克大学医学中心担任研究助理，并协助建立过猕猴的脑机接口。\n在创立Neuralink前，他曾经两度创业。\n第一次是成立了一家名为myFit的公司，开发了一款专门预测高中生被大学录取可能性的软件。\n第二次是成立了一家专注于创建生物机器人云实验室的公司Transcriptic，主要负责设计、建造和运营分子和细胞生物学实验室研究的自动化基础设施。\n2016年，霍达克与马斯克等人，共同创建了神经科技&脑机接口公司Nerualink，并担任公司总裁，研发脑机接口相关的技术。\n听上去很厉害对不对？\n但事实是：公司成立5年，一款上市的产品都还没有。不过他们倒是一直在公布研究进展。\n早在2019年，Neuralink的首次进展，是成功实现脑机接口线路植入；\n同时，也已经开发出了相应的定制芯片，可以很好地植入人体。\n今年4月，他们还进行了猴子用脑机接口玩游戏的实验。\n但学术界对他们，始终不太买账。\n尤其在2020年进行活猪实验后，外界质疑的声音就没停过。“脑机接口之父”Miguel Nicolelis更是直接炮轰霍达克：\n培育恐龙到底靠不靠谱\n咳咳，我们先暂时不考虑个人因素。\n那么从科学严谨的角度来看，培育恐龙，或者说类似恐龙的“超级生物”又是否可行呢？\n想要培育出恐龙，有一个关键的问题：恐龙的DNA从哪来？\n在《侏罗纪公园》电影第一部中，科学家找到一块1.3亿年前形成的琥珀，从里面的远古蚊子里提取出了恐龙的DNA。这在现实中可能做到吗？\n2012年发表在Nature上的一项研究终结了这个构想。研究通过对保存条件相似的158块已灭绝鸟类化石分析发现，DNA也是有半衰期的，差不多是521年。\n细胞死亡后，在酶的作用下核苷酸之间的键会逐渐解体，而微生物能加速这种反应。埋在地下的骨头中的DNA会以一个固定的速度降解。\n研究人员预测，即使是对保存基因来说最理想的温度，零下5摄氏度中储存的骨头，在最多680万年后DNA就会完全被破坏。\n而在更早的150万年左右时，当剩余的DNA链太短无法提供有意义的信息，基因就已经不可读了。\n不用说侏罗纪，最后的恐龙时代白垩纪也已经过去6500万年，这些恐龙基因早已彻底分解。\n而在知乎上，这个问题让一位叫做“极萨学院冷哲” （下文简称“冷哲大神”）的答主兴奋了起来，直呼：\n几年前，冷哲大神刚好在哥本哈根大学地质遗传学中心做访问。\n当时，他与人类遗传学家艾斯克·威勒斯列夫（Eske Willerslev），就着复活远古物种的可能性展开了讨论。\n虽然Eske的研究领域是古人类方向，但实际上关于像恐龙、猛犸象等古代生物，同样在他的研究范围之内。\n对于这个问题，他们认为：\n当然，让猛犸象复活的前提其实一个偶然：\n但与此同时，冷哲大神还是认为复活猛犸象是一件非常困难的事情。先来看下复活猛犸象这项工作的进展：\n理想虽美好，但一个事实却阻碍的这件事——找不到代孕母体，冷哲大神表示：\n当然，人工子宫也是一个方向，但是冷哲大神表示，目前还没法用来复活猛犸象。\n接下来，便是恐龙的问题。一个最大的问题就是时间过于久远，远到了6000万年前，跟4000年相比完全不是一个量级。\n由此引发的就是DNA降解或者衰变的问题：\n那么，就真的没戏了吗？\n冷哲大神跟Eske的一个博士聊天时，听到了一个非常脑洞大开的项目——由NASA资助，在外太空中寻找可能存在的恐龙基因。\n至于为什么是外太空，冷哲大神虽然表示搞不清楚，但是“人家既然能立项，肯定有他们的思考”。而回归到Max 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