世界卫生组织：最新出现的新冠变种病毒是怎么回事

药明康德2021-11-27

近日，一种新发现的新冠病毒变种正在受到全球科学家的广泛关注。这一名为B.1.1.529的新冠变种已经在南非等国家和地区被发现。世界卫生组织（WHO）今日发布声明，将其列为值得关注的新冠变种（VOC），名为Omicron（希腊字母ο）。这意味着，世界卫生组织认为它可能具有更高的传播力，或者提高重症风险，或者降低目前诊断、疫苗和疗法的有效性。世界卫生组织的声明指出，这一变种最初在今年11月9日收集的...

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href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwMDA5NTIxNQ==&mid=2650014223&idx=1&sn=94b71873ae1be9b17d38f3dfb2700371&chksm=82ee848fb5990d993e85284eec973b4a3e0fdbaaed4edc49551bb8e38b91632df668386b473f&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=1127orarN68ckUf89HiFr4Lm&sharer_sharetime=1637967705153&sharer_shareid=fbf3e6a28882bb91c07a361d6d431142&exportkey=AYcBA0yTMCbUaj%2F9ydEiWC4%3D&pass_ticket=6%2FTpoG8gaCEDUGCQmwweuPo%2Fo9n1rkkVqOsxA%2B1IjPFY34djpxYqXtGBzqSr7REh&wx_header=0#rd><strong>药明康德</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>近日，一种新发现的新冠病毒变种正在受到全球科学家的广泛关注。这一名为B.1.1.529的新冠变种已经在南非等国家和地区被发现。世界卫生组织（WHO）今日发布声明，将其列为值得关注的新冠变种（VOC），名为Omicron（希腊字母ο）。这意味着，世界卫生组织认为它可能具有更高的传播力，或者提高重症风险，或者降低目前诊断、疫苗和疗法的有效性。\n世界卫生组织的声明指出，这一变种最初在今年11月9日收集的...</p>\n\n<a 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Health Organization: What is the latest COVID-19 variant virus","themeId":null,"isJumpTheme":false,"ttsUrl":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6d7922e161f7d76e191df5aec3278f29","symbols_score_info":{".DJI":0.9},"content_text":"近日，一种新发现的新冠病毒变种正在受到全球科学家的广泛关注。这一名为B.1.1.529的新冠变种已经在南非等国家和地区被发现。世界卫生组织（WHO）今日发布声明，将其列为值得关注的新冠变种（VOC），名为Omicron（希腊字母ο）。这意味着，世界卫生组织认为它可能具有更高的传播力，或者提高重症风险，或者降低目前诊断、疫苗和疗法的有效性。\n世界卫生组织的声明指出，这一变种最初在今年11月9日收集的样本中被发现。它的出现的时间与南非近日的新冠病例迅速增加的时间重合。初步证据显示，与其它VOC相比，Omicron可能让人群被新冠病毒再次感染的风险升高。\nOmicron受到关注的原因是它携带着大量的基因突变。根据英国卫生安全局发布的报告，这一变种在新冠病毒刺突蛋白上携带32种不同变异。刺突蛋白是新冠病毒与人类细胞表面的受体结合，介导病毒进入细胞的关键性蛋白，也是多种新冠疫苗和中和抗体疗法靶向的区域。在刺突蛋白上出现的突变可能改变病毒入侵细胞的特征，并且可能让它们逃避已有新冠疫苗和中和抗体疗法提供的免疫保护。\n▲Omicron携带的基因突变\n具体来看，Omicron携带的基因突变包含在Alpha和Beta变种中出现的N501Y突变，这一突变可以增强刺突蛋白与受体ACE2的结合能力。它在刺突蛋白受体结合域（RBD）的E484位置也出现了突变。这一位置的突变是导致RBD不被中和抗体识别的重要热点之一。\n此外，Omicron在刺突蛋白的furin切割位点附近携带两个突变（P681H和N679K）。目前的研究显示furin切割位点可能帮助病毒进入呼吸道的上皮细胞，而在furin切割位点附近出现的突变可能让刺突蛋白更容易被切割，从而增强病毒的感染能力。在全球流行的Delta变种在furin切割位点附近携带着P681R突变，这一突变被认为是导致Delta变种传播力增强的重要原因之一。\n\n▲Omicron在新冠病毒刺突蛋白上携带的变异\n由于Omicron还携带着多个此前VOC中不存在的基因变异，它们的综合影响仍然有待澄清。目前，世界各地的科学家们正在快马加鞭对Omicron进行进一步研究，包括它是否增强新冠病毒传染性，以及对现有诊断、疫苗和疗法的影响，预计在未来几周将会获得更为确切的结果。同时，世界卫生组织建议加强对Omicron的测序、监控、以及流行病学追踪。\n对个人来说，世界卫生组织建议采取多种手段降低病毒暴露的风险。WHO的流行病学家Maria Van Kerkhove博士表示，我们已经拥有了降低病毒暴露的多种公共卫生手段，包括维持社交距离，戴口罩，洗手，避免人多的地方，注意通风，以及适时接种疫苗。这些久经验证的手段在这一时刻尤为重要。","kind":null,"is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":true,"is_publish_live":null,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1},"commentList":[{"id":600988927,"gmtCreate":1638052369971,"gmtModify":1638052370076,"author":{"id":"3570833668911971","authorId":"3570833668911971","name":"Tome","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d47f140f55f4badb19ca06d16064de5b","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"赞👍","listText":"赞👍","text":"赞👍","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/600988927","repostId":1138502054,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":877708742,"gmtCreate":1637978969260,"gmtModify":1637978969384,"author":{"id":"3557455323607292","authorId":"3557455323607292","name":"虎琊","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/0995a39178d8512115e4e0e1619b14dd","vip":1,"crmLevel":6,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"热切关注","listText":"热切关注","text":"热切关注","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/877708742","repostId":1138502054,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":877701800,"gmtCreate":1637978865675,"gmtModify":1637978865675,"author":{"id":"3570927652705264","authorId":"3570927652705264","name":"Ken9319","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/45a0daa5f0b5428f6b0d81e58826ce0d","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0},"htmlText":"Follow","listText":"Follow","text":"Follow","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/877701800","repostId":1138502054,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":6742586,"gmtCreate":1637981923614,"gmtModify":1637981923790,"authorId":3581502293537821,"author":{"id":3581502293537821,"authorId":3581502293537821,"name":"oliviaeex","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bb5c135ec9104a6b25b19b233db0f3bc","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":877701800,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"u 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