谁会是下一个瑞幸？看这四点就可以了

远川商业评论2020-04-03

作者：任小酒、姚书恒瑞幸咖啡这场戏，怎么会这么快就演不下去了？4月2日瑞幸自爆造假账，2019第二季度到第四季度总销售额夸大22亿人民币，美股应声下跌80%，一度触发熔断，暂停交易。中概股也跟着陪葬：蛋壳、蔚来、房天下等50多家跌成狗。而今天的瑞幸一早却被爆单，网友生怕在倒闭前没法兑换最后一张3.8折的优惠券。而此前浑水（Muddy）发布了瑞幸89页的做空报告之后，瑞幸还云淡风轻地否认了一切。...

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精彩评论

小米科技第一股
2020-04-06
小米科技第一股
小米科技如何呀
小米的韭菜1号
2020-04-05
小米的韭菜1号
经营不好没关系，但不要造假，否则真的吃不了兜着走
ddhjnh
2020-04-05
ddhjnh
哈哈哈
四不象
2020-04-05
四不象
康美药业如何处理，考验证监会？？？
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良_
2020-04-05
良_
[开心]
发财猫888
2020-04-05
发财猫888
嗯

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V。陆正耀在做瑞幸咖啡董事长之前，是神州优车的大股东。瑞幸在天使轮融资的时候，陆正耀就是投资人。而CEO钱治亚则是原来神州租车的COO，跟着陆正耀干了十余年。更不必提，瑞幸的CMO杨飞，和瑞幸公关团队也是来自神州租车。不仅是管理层，资本也都原封不动的搬过来。从大钲资本、愉悦资本和君联资本，都是在神州系里跟着陆正耀尝过甜头的「自己人」。套路就分五步走：找风口，拉融资，狂撒币，IPO，最后挥一挥衣袖，套现离场。明眼人都能看懂的局，让瑞幸在纳斯达克的舞台起起伏伏演了九个月，被浑水收到的一份报告给戳破了。再回头来看看浑水收到的那份89页的调查报告，一共找了1500个人（92名全职，1418名兼职），对1832家瑞幸咖啡门店监控，每天售出的商品数精确到个位数。没有内部人士，很难做到这么细。而递给浑水报告的人，或许跟瑞幸局内人士撇不开关系。陆正耀的朋友圈，依然晒着马拉松记录而就在几天前，瑞幸股票被爆出有人提前疯狂卖出2200万股，看跌期权成交量暴增两万多手。神州系得高层们已经准备拉帘子落幕了，这戏不好演。收摊走人前，还顺带暴跌赚个钱，嚼得骨头都不剩。瑞幸所谓的「民族企业」，从来都只是披着羊皮的狼人杀。转身离开得找个接锅侠，COO刘剑很荣幸地接下这场大戏的重任。瑞幸一年收入不到26亿人民币，COO一人抗下22亿的造假大锅。不知道刘健拿到怎样的利益交换，才愿意眼睁睁看着董事长和CEO拿钱走人，独自承担这份「天降大任」？然而这一个瑞幸倒下了，下一个瑞幸还会远吗？二太阳底下没有新鲜事，瑞幸的陨落只不过是「崩盘教科书」的新一页而已。为了让你可以保住自己的押金、花光收集的优惠券、停下买会员的手、提前识别下一个「瑞幸」，我们总结了崩盘前夜的四大特征：1、融资狂人，2、画饼充饥，3、优惠空前，4、同一把刀。1、融资狂人。看上去高增长，但总需要融资的公司，需要高度警惕。按照瑞幸之前的财报，2019年三季度收入15.42亿元，同比增长540.2%；门店增长到3680家，比2018年第三季度末的1189家增加了209.5%。门店增2倍，收入增长5.4倍。形势一片大好。但与此同时，瑞幸从未停止融资。在上市前，它就通过股权融资7.5亿美元，以各种方式借贷12.85亿元人民币。到了2019年，甚至要把自己的咖啡机、奶箱拿去抵押换来4500万元。就在今年初，一边宣称要做无人零售，一边又增发了1200万股，还发行了4亿美元的可转换债。作为A股资深韭菜，这种招数实在见得太多了。乐视、康得新、康美药业，哪一个暴雷前不是营收大幅增长，但却需要不停融资的？出现这种情况，要么财务造假，要么现金流已经差到需要借钱来续命的地步了。2、画饼充饥。只谈需求庞大，不谈竞争惨烈的都是耍流氓。瑞幸用来支撑自己「亏损换增长」故事的逻辑无非就是：当咖啡的销量足够大、品牌足够知名，对咖啡豆、牛奶等原料的采购量大，获客成本、经营成本就可以降低。不幸的是，这个逻辑是可以轻松证伪的。廉价咖啡，或者说比星巴克便宜的咖啡，当然有需求，但能做到这么便宜，一定需要非常低的成本。一个新创品牌要在短时间内建立生产能力、销售渠道、广告投放，不可能做到低成本，企业很可能在具备持续盈利能力前就倒下了。事实上，卖便宜咖啡是属于711、罗森、麦当劳们的生意，因为它们几乎不需要新增人手、店面、广告，直接在店里放两部咖啡机就可以开卖了。因此，只关注需求侧的巨大增长潜力，忽视供给侧生产和产能快速提升以及带来的竞争格局恶化，是一个经典的to SBVC的陷阱。3、优惠空前。产品优惠力度越来越大，很可能是企业快倒闭的前兆。瑞幸的打折券、优惠力度不可谓不猛。注册App第一杯饮品免单、买5送5，买10送10，买2赠1，充1送1，甚至每周抽奖送500万现金。以致于有网友调侃，高于3折以上的券都贵了，只喝1.8折的咖啡。花多眼乱、不断加码的优惠政策，这个剧情我们也不陌生，上一家这么大规模送温暖的公司叫乐视。买会员送手机，买电视送会员，充500送500，充1000送2000等等，本质就是公司卖产品的收入已经不足以支撑日常运转了，需求提前把未来的收入挪到现在来填补亏空。4、同一把刀。近年快速上市的企业，背后往往由同一批投资方催熟。美国作为头号经济大国，现在GDP年增速也就2-3%；中国经历了30年的高增长，近年第一次经历了GDP降速到6%，就不断有企业破产、现金流断裂、老板跑路的新闻了。所以，在这种经济大环境下，还能轻易获得高速增长的公司、行业，背后几乎都有资本在「催熟」。就在瑞幸暴雷前的几天，3月27日，刘二海辞去了瑞幸的审计委员会委员职位。刘二海就是瑞幸快速上市的主要推手之一。在联想旗下的君联资本工作期间，投出了易车网、人人网、神州租车、智联招聘、乐逗游戏5家上市公司；创立愉悦资本后，又投了蔚来汽车、优信二有车、蛋壳公寓、摩拜单车、瑞幸咖啡。类似的，估值或市值大幅缩水的WeWork、Uber、OYO、滴滴，背后也是同一个主要投资方：软银。在镰刀的眼中，没有单车汽车咖啡酒店，只有可以快速催熟的韭菜。尾声2019年5月17日，瑞幸咖啡在美国纳斯达克上市。当时在纳斯达克交易中心楼前，瑞幸在巨型LED屏幕上打了一个广告，广告上写着：中国咖啡和美国咖啡比，差距在哪？下面自言自语接了一句：差在自信。这是自信被黑得最惨的一次。","kind":"news","is_publish_news":true,"is_publish_highlight":true,"is_publish_live":false,"is_publish_wemedia":null,"editions":null,"column":"","sentiment":"0","news_tag":"","news_rank":0,"symbols":[],"gpt_button":1},"commentList":[{"id":921356242,"gmtCreate":1586179863986,"gmtModify":1704360236347,"author":{"id":"3494253727973821","authorId":"3494253727973821","name":"小米科技第一股","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3494253727973821","authorIdStr":"3494253727973821"},"htmlText":"小米科技如何呀","listText":"小米科技如何呀","text":"小米科技如何呀","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/921356242","repostId":1101386061,"repostType":2,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":921988218,"gmtCreate":1586091762334,"gmtModify":1704360061854,"author":{"id":"3469164281621359","authorId":"3469164281621359","name":"小米的韭菜1号","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5b8820b392028ef580ce3c3a04f35605","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3469164281621359","authorIdStr":"3469164281621359"},"htmlText":"经营不好没关系，但不要造假，否则真的吃不了兜着走","listText":"经营不好没关系，但不要造假，否则真的吃不了兜着走","text":"经营不好没关系，但不要造假，否则真的吃不了兜着走","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/921988218","repostId":1101386061,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":921938321,"gmtCreate":1586062631663,"gmtModify":1704360034547,"author":{"id":"3500107001026342","authorId":"3500107001026342","name":"ddhjnh","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3500107001026342","authorIdStr":"3500107001026342"},"htmlText":"哈哈哈","listText":"哈哈哈","text":"哈哈哈","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/921938321","repostId":1101386061,"repostType":2,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"langContent":"CN"},{"id":921933350,"gmtCreate":1586061166070,"gmtModify":1704360031456,"author":{"id":"3471319024446532","authorId":"3471319024446532","name":"四不象","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"crmLevel":2,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3471319024446532","authorIdStr":"3471319024446532"},"htmlText":"康美药业如何处理，考验证监会？？？","listText":"康美药业如何处理，考验证监会？？？","text":"康美药业如何处理，考验证监会？？？","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/921933350","repostId":1101386061,"repostType":4,"isVote":1,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"tweetType":1,"comments":[{"id":2308582,"gmtCreate":1586061639989,"gmtModify":1586061639989,"authorId":3527667803686145,"author":{"id":3527667803686145,"idStr":"3527667803686145","authorId":3527667803686145,"name":"社区成长助手","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b7c7106b5c0c8b0037faa67439d898f","vip":1,"crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[]},"repliedAuthorId":0,"objectId":921933350,"type":1,"supId":0,"prevId":0,"content":"终于等到了您的初发帖[比心][比心]发帖时关联相关股票或者相关话题，可以获得更多曝光哦～如果您想创作优质文章，请查看<a 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